| 植物農藥品種多為局部性市場，在發展生產中時有起伏變化，其有效成分的穩定性至關重要。現按農藥產品登記動態對部分品種發展作些簡述。魚藤酮是農藥老品種，按產品登記數劃分已形成2家主要生產企業。苦參堿發展平衡并形成多家專業性生產企業，同時氧化苦參堿正在受到企業關注。煙堿生產企業分布面較廣，在尋求新的突破中有所進展。楝素、藜蘆堿發展緩慢尚處于冷淡期。茴蒿素、木煙堿、苦皮藤素3個品種單劑為獨家登記生產。茶皂素、蓖麻油酸、馬錢子堿3個品種與煙堿組合；苦豆子總堿與滅多威、辛硫磷分別組合；4個植物農藥品種在二種類型組合生產復配制劑中獨家企業登記亮相。
魚藤(teng)酮，至(zhi)今(jin)(jin)年(nian)(nian)一季(ji)度(du)有(you)8家企(qi)業(ye)登(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)記產(chan)品15個(ge)(ge)(ge)廠次(原藥2個(ge)(ge)(ge)、單(dan)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)、復(fu)配制(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)9個(ge)(ge)(ge))。1991年(nian)(nian)2家企(qi)業(ye)統一辦理登(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)記2.5%魚藤(teng)酮乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)(you)，用于(yu)(yu)防治葉菜類(lei)蚜蟲等、用量(有(you)效成(cheng)分(fen))37.5克/公頃(qing)。1995年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)今(jin)(jin)年(nian)(nian)一季(ji)度(du)新增(zeng)6家企(qi)業(ye)登(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)記原藥2個(ge)(ge)(ge)；3.5%高滲魚藤(teng)酮乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)(you)、7.5%魚藤(teng)酮乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)(you)；1.3%、2.5%、7.5%氰·魚藤(teng)乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)(you)；18%、21%辛·魚藤(teng)乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)(you)；25%敵·魚藤(teng)乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)(you)；25%水(shui)胺(an)·魚藤(teng)乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)(you)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)，用于(yu)(yu)防治柑桔樹(shu)矢(shi)尖(jian)蚧(jie)；0.2%苦參堿+藤(teng)乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)(you)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)，用于(yu)(yu)防治柑桔樹(shu)矢(shi)尖(jian)蚧(jie)；0.2%苦參堿+1.8%魚藤(teng)乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)(you)桶混劑(ji)(ji)(ji)。廣東(dong)省德(de)慶縣西(xi)江植保化工廠自1995年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)2000年(nian)(nian)登(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)記復(fu)配制(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)廠次，成(cheng)為專業(ye)性生產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)。廣西(xi)南寧施綠工程有(you)限責任公司(si)于(yu)(yu)1997年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)今(jin)(jin)年(nian)(nian)一季(ji)度(du)登(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)記產(chan)品4個(ge)(ge)(ge)廠次(原藥、單(dan)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)各(ge)1個(ge)(ge)(ge)、復(fu)配制(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)2個(ge)(ge)(ge))。這2家企(qi)業(ye)產(chan)品登(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)記數(shu)占全國產(chan)品登(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)記數(shu)的1/2以上，成(cheng)為主(zhu)要(yao)生產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)。
苦(ku)(ku)參(can)堿(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)起登(deng)記(ji)(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)后發展平穩，并已(yi)形成(cheng)多家專業(ye)(ye)性(xing)(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)。至今年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)季度全國(guo)已(yi)有(you)12個省(sheng)、區、市(shi)28家企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)登(deng)記(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)品31個廠(chang)(chang)次(ci)(單劑(ji)19個、復(fu)配(pei)制(zhi)劑(ji)12個)，單劑(ji)有(you)效(xiao)含量(liang)0.2%至1.1%共(gong)有(you)8種規(gui)格，并有(you)水劑(ji)、乳油(you)、可(ke)溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)液(ye)劑(ji)、粉劑(ji)4種劑(ji)型(xing)，主要登(deng)記(ji)(ji)在瓜(gua)果、蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)上使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。例(li)如(ru)：山(shan)西省(sheng)中草農(nong)藥(yao)總廠(chang)(chang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)登(deng)記(ji)(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)0.26%苦(ku)(ku)參(can)堿(jian)水劑(ji)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)甘(gan)藍防治(zhi)(zhi)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、菜(cai)(cai)(cai)青蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(有(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen))分(fen)(fen)別為9.75-14.6克(ke)(ke)/公頃(qing)和(he)2.4-3.9克(ke)(ke)/公頃(qing)；于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)登(deng)記(ji)(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)1.1%粉劑(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)防治(zhi)(zhi)小麥(mai)地下害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)韭菜(cai)(cai)(cai)根蛆。內蒙(meng)古赤(chi)蜂(feng)碧(bi)州植(zhi)(zhi)物農(nong)藥(yao)廠(chang)(chang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)登(deng)記(ji)(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)1%苦(ku)(ku)參(can)堿(jian)可(ke)溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)液(ye)劑(ji)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)防治(zhi)(zhi)甘(gan)藍菜(cai)(cai)(cai)青蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、菜(cai)(cai)(cai)蚜用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(有(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen))7.5-18克(ke)(ke)/公頃(qing)。河北省(sheng)承德市(shi)植(zhi)(zhi)物農(nong)藥(yao)廠(chang)(chang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)登(deng)記(ji)(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)0.3%苦(ku)(ku)參(can)堿(jian)水劑(ji)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)防治(zhi)(zhi)谷(gu)子粘蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(有(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen))6.75-11.25克(ke)(ke)/公頃(qing)；防治(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)類蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、瓜(gua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)類蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(有(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen))2.81-6.75克(ke)(ke)/公頃(qing)。復(fu)配(pei)制(zhi)劑(ji)品種組合有(you)8個類型(xing)，苦(ku)(ku)參(can)堿(jian)+煙堿(jian)、苦(ku)(ku)參(can)堿(jian)+氯(lv)氰菊酯兩種復(fu)配(pei)制(zhi)劑(ji)各(ge)登(deng)記(ji)(ji)3個廠(chang)(chang)次(ci)，其余(yu)6個類型(xing)為獨家登(deng)記(ji)(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。例(li)如(ru)：內蒙(meng)古臨河市(shi)植(zhi)(zhi)物農(nong)藥(yao)廠(chang)(chang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)登(deng)記(ji)(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)3.2%苦(ku)(ku)·氯(lv)乳油(you)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)防治(zhi)(zhi)十字花(hua)科蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)防治(zhi)(zhi)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、菜(cai)(cai)(cai)青蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(有(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen))分(fen)(fen)別為24-48克(ke)(ke)/公頃(qing)和(he)14.4-28.8克(ke)(ke)/公頃(qing)。氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)苦(ku)(ku)參(can)堿(jian)正在受到(dao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)關注，已(yi)有(you)3家企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)分(fen)(fen)別登(deng)記(ji)(ji)0.6%氧(yang)(yang)苦(ku)(ku)·內脂水劑(ji)、0.1%氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)苦(ku)(ku)參(can)堿(jian)水劑(ji)、0.5%內脂·氧(yang)(yang)苦(ku)(ku)水劑(ji)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)防治(zhi)(zhi)十字花(hua)科蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)青蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。
煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)1994年(nian)起(qi)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)產后(hou)去(qu)年(nian)有(you)(you)(you)所進展，企業(ye)分(fen)(fen)布面較(jiao)廣，現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)13個(ge)省(sheng)、區、市14家(jia)企業(ye)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產品(pin)18個(ge)廠次(ci)(ci)(單劑3個(ge)、復(fu)(fu)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑15個(ge))。河北省(sheng)鄭(zheng)州(zhou)生(sheng)化實業(ye)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司、江蘇省(sheng)通州(zhou)神(shen)龍農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司分(fen)(fen)別于(yu)1994年(nian)、1996年(nian)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)產10%煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)，用(yong)于(yu)防治(zhi)(zhi)棉花蚜蟲(chong)用(yong)量(有(you)(you)(you)效成(cheng)分(fen)(fen))75-105克/公(gong)頃；云南新(xin)(xin)聯化工廠于(yu)1999年(nian)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)30%增效煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)，用(yong)于(yu)防治(zhi)(zhi)蠶頭斑潛蠅用(yong)量(有(you)(you)(you)效成(cheng)分(fen)(fen))75-105克/公(gong)頃。復(fu)(fu)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑品(pin)種組合12個(ge)類型中有(you)(you)(you)10個(ge)類型為獨(du)家(jia)企業(ye)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)產。30%茶皂·煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)水(shui)劑(1994年(nian)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji))、15%蓖·煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)(1995年(nian)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji))、0.84%馬線(xian)·煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)水(shui)劑(1999年(nian)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji))，復(fu)(fu)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑中參(can)與(yu)組合的(de)茶皂素、蓖麻油(you)(you)酸、馬錢子堿(jian)(jian)(jian)3個(ge)品(pin)種為首(shou)次(ci)(ci)亮(liang)相(xiang)。1.1%百(bai)部(bu)·楝·煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)(1995年(nian)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji))，復(fu)(fu)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑中的(de)百(bai)部(bu)除首(shou)次(ci)(ci)參(can)與(yu)復(fu)(fu)配(pei)(pei)亮(liang)相(xiang)外，并于(yu)1996年(nian)首(shou)次(ci)(ci)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)0.01%消蚊靈水(shui)劑(防治(zhi)(zhi)蚊、蠅的(de)衛生(sheng)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao))。如何尋求(qiu)新(xin)(xin)的(de)突破，江蘇興澄榆中植物農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(甘肅(su)境內)于(yu)1997年(nian)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)產29%氯·煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)后(hou)，又于(yu)去(qu)年(nian)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)10%阿維·煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)、27%辛·煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)·油(you)(you)酸乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)、7%殘·煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)、17%敵畏·煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)，已成(cheng)為煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)復(fu)(fu)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑多品(pin)種突破性發展的(de)專業(ye)生(sheng)產企業(ye)
。 楝(lian)素(su)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1992年(nian)起登記(ji)生產(chan)后發展(zhan)緩慢，至2000年(nian)僅有(you)(you)6家(jia)(jia)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)登記(ji)生產(chan)0.3%楝(lian)素(su)乳(ru)油3個廠次(ci)、0.5%楝(lian)素(su)乳(ru)油2個廠次(ci)、復配制劑1個廠次(ci)，去年(nian)新增一家(jia)(jia)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)登記(ji)生產(chan)0.3%印(yin)楝(lian)素(su)乳(ru)油，主要登記(ji)用于(yu)(yu)(yu)防治(zhi)蔬(shu)菜(cai)害蟲(chong)。例(li)如：陜西農大德力邦科技股份有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1992年(nian)登記(ji)0.5%楝(lian)素(su)殺(sha)蟲(chong)乳(ru)油，用于(yu)(yu)(yu)防治(zhi)甘(gan)藍菜(cai)青(qing)蟲(chong)用量(liang)(有(you)(you)效成分(fen))3.75-7.5克/公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)；廣(guang)東省(sheng)深(shen)圳市農寶生物工程有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1997年(nian)登記(ji)0.3%楝(lian)素(su)乳(ru)油，用于(yu)(yu)(yu)防治(zhi)甘(gan)藍小菜(cai)蛾用量(liang)(有(you)(you)效成分(fen))2.25-4.5克/公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)；山東省(sheng)青(qing)島綠鶴農用藥業(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1998年(nian)登記(ji)0.5%楝(lian)素(su)乳(ru)油，用于(yu)(yu)(yu)防治(zhi)十字花科蔬(shu)菜(cai)蚜蟲(chong)用量(liang)(有(you)(you)效成分(fen))3-4.5克/公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。
藜(li)(li)蘆堿尚處于(yu)冷淡期，河(he)北省石(shi)家莊(zhuang)市植物農藥研究所(suo)于(yu)1993年登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)生產后，至1998年僅(jin)有4家企業登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)生產0.5%藜(li)(li)蘆堿可(ke)溶性液劑，分別登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)用(yong)于(yu)防(fang)治(zhi)棉(mian)花棉(mian)蚜、棉(mian)鈴蟲；甘藍、十(shi)字花科蔬(shu)菜菜青蟲，用(yong)量(有效(xiao)成份(fen))為5.625至7.5克/公頃。
茴蒿素、木(mu)(mu)煙(yan)堿、甘(gan)皮(pi)藤素、苦(ku)豆(dou)子(zi)總堿4個(ge)品種為獨家登(deng)記(ji)(ji)生產單劑或復配制劑。河北省滄(cang)州市(shi)宏字(zi)農藥化(hua)工廠1987年(nian)(nian)登(deng)記(ji)(ji)0.65%茴蒿素水劑，用(yong)于(yu)防治蘋果樹蚜蟲(chong)、尺蠖(huo)；葉菜(cai)類蔬菜(cai)蚜蟲(chong)、菜(cai)青(qing)蟲(chong)。新疆國宸植物(wu)農藥有(you)(you)限責任(ren)公(gong)司1997年(nian)(nian)登(deng)記(ji)(ji)0.6%木(mu)(mu)煙(yan)堿乳(ru)油(you)，用(yong)于(yu)防治棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)棉(mian)(mian)鈴蟲(chong)。陜西農大德(de)力邦(bang)科技股份(fen)有(you)(you)限公(gong)司2000年(nian)(nian)登(deng)記(ji)(ji)0.23%苦(ku)皮(pi)藤素乳(ru)油(you)，用(yong)于(yu)防治十(shi)字(zi)花(hua)科蔬菜(cai)小(xiao)菜(cai)蛾。山東省青(qing)島益農化(hua)工有(you)(you)限公(gong)司2000年(nian)(nian)登(deng)記(ji)(ji)13.6%苦(ku)豆(dou)子(zi)·滅(mie)乳(ru)油(you)、16.1%菜(cai)豆(dou)子(zi)·辛乳(ru)油(you)，分別用(yong)于(yu)防治棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)蚜蟲(chong)和甘(gan)藍菜(cai)青(qing)蟲(chong)。
農(nong)業部發布(bu)無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)農(nong)產品生(sheng)產推(tui)薦農(nong)藥(yao)品種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)，有(you)利于加快農(nong)藥(yao)結構調整。文內魚(yu)藤酮、苦參堿(jian)、煙(yan)堿(jian)為無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)農(nong)產品生(sheng)產推(tui)薦品種(zhong)(zhong)，將有(you)助于這些(xie)品種(zhong)(zhong)的發展。 |
