日前從遼寧省農業部門獲悉,基因工程微生物農藥目前越來越受到專家的重視。
基因(yin)工程(cheng)技術的發(fa)展,為防(fang)治農(nong)林害蟲提供(gong)了有效的新技術手(shou)段,微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)因(yin)此在世界(jie)范圍受到廣泛重(zhong)視。微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)是指非化學合成,具有殺蟲防(fang)病(bing)(bing)作用的微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)制劑(ji),如微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)殺蟲劑(ji)、殺菌劑(ji)、農(nong)用抗生(sheng)(sheng)素等。這類微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)包括殺蟲防(fang)病(bing)(bing)的細菌、真菌和病(bing)(bing)毒。
微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑對人畜安全無(wu)毒,不污染環境;殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)作(zuo)用(yong)具有(you)一(yi)定的(de)特異(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和選(xuan)擇性(xing)(xing)(xing),不會致死天敵和非目標昆蟲(chong)(chong);易和其他生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)手段(duan)結合綜合防治害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong),維持(chi)生(sheng)(sheng)態平衡(heng);由于殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)蛋白的(de)多樣性(xing)(xing)(xing),昆蟲(chong)(chong)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)抗性(xing)(xing)(xing)較緩慢;可(ke)以通過(guo)發酵法生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan),具有(you)較低(di)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)成本;可(ke)以通過(guo)基因工(gong)程技術途徑篩選(xuan)或(huo)構建優(you)良性(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)菌(jun)株來滿足(zu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)與應用(yong)所需等(deng)。所以,微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑自問(wen)世以來發展很(hen)快(kuai),目前(qian)全世界已商品化的(de)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)藥已有(you)約30種,其中微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑占90%。(農(nong)信) |