2005年6月,我部組織各地商務主管部門、重點生產和流通企業、有關行業協會及專家就2005年下半年300種主要生產資料供求狀況進行了調查和分析。
調查結果顯示(shi),下(xia)半年(nian)300種(zhong)主要(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)資料(liao)中,供(gong)(gong)過于求的66種(zhong),占(zhan)22%,與(yu)上(shang)半年(nian)基本持平(ping);供(gong)(gong)求平(ping)衡的213種(zhong),占(zhan)71%,提高16個百分點;供(gong)(gong)不應求的21種(zhong),占(zhan)7%,下(xia)降16個百分點。綜合考慮國內外(wai)兩個市場諸多變化因素影響(xiang),下(xia)半年(nian)我國生(sheng)產(chan)資料(liao)市場供(gong)(gong)需仍(reng)將(jiang)(jiang)呈現穩步(bu)增長,供(gong)(gong)求關系總體上(shang)將(jiang)(jiang)得到進(jin)一步(bu)改善(shan),市場價格將(jiang)(jiang)高位回(hui)落,部分生(sheng)產(chan)資料(liao)產(chan)品(pin)將(jiang)(jiang)由供(gong)(gong)需基本平(ping)衡向(xiang)供(gong)(gong)大于求方向(xiang)發展(zhan)。
調查表明,下(xia)(xia)半年(nian)(nian)(nian)主要(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)資料產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)滿(man)足(zu)國(guo)內(nei)市場(chang)需(xu)求比(bi)(bi)重進一步(bu)提(ti)高(gao),部分(fen)(fen)基礎原(yuan)(yuan)材料產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)市場(chang)滿(man)足(zu)率(lv)(lv)偏低的(de)(de)狀況將繼續(xu)得到(dao)改善。在(zai)(zai)300種主要(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)資料中,國(guo)內(nei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)基本滿(man)足(zu)國(guo)內(nei)需(xu)求的(de)(de)占66.7%,比(bi)(bi)上(shang)半年(nian)(nian)(nian)提(ti)高(gao)10個(ge)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian),產(chan)(chan)(chan)需(xu)偏緊的(de)(de)占33.3%,比(bi)(bi)上(shang)半年(nian)(nian)(nian)減少10個(ge)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)。其中,滿(man)足(zu)率(lv)(lv)在(zai)(zai)90-99%的(de)(de)占30%,比(bi)(bi)上(shang)半年(nian)(nian)(nian)提(ti)高(gao)12.4個(ge)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)。下(xia)(xia)半年(nian)(nian)(nian)國(guo)內(nei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)滿(man)足(zu)不了國(guo)內(nei)需(xu)求的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品依然集中在(zai)(zai)石(shi)油及部分(fen)(fen)基礎原(yuan)(yuan)材料上(shang),但產(chan)(chan)(chan)需(xu)關(guan)系(xi)會繼續(xu)向好的(de)(de)方向發展(zhan)。與2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)相(xiang)比(bi)(bi),2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)上(shang)半年(nian)(nian)(nian)燃料油市場(chang)滿(man)足(zu)率(lv)(lv)提(ti)高(gao)4.8個(ge)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian),氧化鋁提(ti)高(gao)0.96個(ge)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian),塑料原(yuan)(yuan)料提(ti)高(gao)5.3個(ge)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian),市場(chang)滿(man)足(zu)率(lv)(lv)分(fen)(fen)別達到(dao)46.5%、56.7%和(he)55.3%。
調(diao)(diao)查(cha)表(biao)明,下(xia)半年隨著市(shi)場(chang)供需關(guan)系的(de)變(bian)化,我國生產資料(liao)市(shi)場(chang)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)走(zou)勢以保持(chi)平穩、逐步(bu)回落為主調(diao)(diao)。在調(diao)(diao)查(cha)反(fan)饋的(de)9711條意見(jian)中(zhong),認(ren)為價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)繼續(xu)上升(sheng)(sheng)的(de)占14.5%,價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)保持(chi)穩定的(de)占65.1%,價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)下(xia)降的(de)占20.4%。認(ren)為下(xia)半年價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)下(xia)降比(bi)上升(sheng)(sheng)的(de)高(gao)近6個百分(fen)點。部分(fen)產品雖然供需關(guan)系向(xiang)供求(qiu)平衡方(fang)向(xiang)發展(zhan),但受成本(ben)推動等因素影響(xiang),價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)可能會繼續(xu)呈上升(sheng)(sheng)趨(qu)勢,如(ru)農資類產品,認(ren)為供不應求(qiu)的(de)比(bi)重(zhong)僅為5.1%,但預期價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)上漲(zhang)的(de)比(bi)重(zhong)卻達到13.2%。
分(fen)(fen)析認為(wei),2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)上半(ban)(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),隨著國(guo)(guo)家宏觀調(diao)控(kong)措施力度加大和效應的(de)進(jin)一步(bu)顯(xian)現,持續(xu)近(jin)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)產(chan)資料市(shi)場(chang)需求(qiu)(qiu)過旺現象得到(dao)了(le)有(you)效控(kong)制。市(shi)場(chang)銷(xiao)售(shou)增(zeng)勢(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)穩、增(zeng)幅(fu)回(hui)(hui)落,供(gong)求(qiu)(qiu)關系繼續(xu)改善,價(jia)格漲(zhang)(zhang)勢(shi)明(ming)顯(xian)趨(qu)緩。全(quan)國(guo)(guo)生(sheng)產(chan)資料銷(xiao)售(shou)總(zong)(zong)額6.62萬億(yi)元,扣除物價(jia)變動因素,比(bi)(bi)(bi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)上半(ban)(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長16.2%。與去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)上半(ban)(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)和去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)相比(bi)(bi)(bi),增(zeng)幅(fu)分(fen)(fen)別回(hui)(hui)落6.5個百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)和2.8個百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)。原油、鋼材、煤炭、水(shui)泥、塑料原料等30種大宗生(sheng)產(chan)資料產(chan)量增(zeng)長快于市(shi)場(chang)需求(qiu)(qiu)增(zeng)長2.5個百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian),供(gong)需關系由前(qian)3個月(yue)的(de)偏緊向寬松方(fang)向發展,供(gong)需差率由一季(ji)度的(de)-0.61%轉(zhuan)化為(wei)1.15%。全(quan)國(guo)(guo)流通(tong)環(huan)節生(sheng)產(chan)資料市(shi)場(chang)價(jia)格總(zong)(zong)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)比(bi)(bi)(bi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)上半(ban)(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)上漲(zhang)(zhang)5.8%,漲(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)上半(ban)(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)低8.3個百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian),比(bi)(bi)(bi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)低7.8個百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)。特(te)別是4月(yue)份(fen)以來,市(shi)場(chang)價(jia)格總(zong)(zong)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)呈(cheng)現加速回(hui)(hui)落態(tai)勢(shi),5月(yue)份(fen)環(huan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)價(jia)格水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)下降(jiang)1%, 6月(yue)份(fen)環(huan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)價(jia)格水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)再下降(jiang)1.5%。6月(yue)份(fen)價(jia)格總(zong)(zong)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)雖(sui)比(bi)(bi)(bi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同期上漲(zhang)(zhang)4.9%,但已基本回(hui)(hui)落到(dao)今年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)初時的(de)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)。
分(fen)析認(ren)為(wei),2005年(nian)(nian)下半(ban)年(nian)(nian),我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)依然(ran)(ran)存在(zai)許多有(you)(you)利(li)因(yin)素。一是一年(nian)(nian)多來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)宏觀調(diao)控使經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)穩定、不(bu)(bu)健(jian)康因(yin)素得到(dao)有(you)(you)效抑制,保(bao)障經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)平穩運行(xing)的(de)(de)條件(jian)(jian)與環境(jing)得到(dao)鞏固和(he)改(gai)善(shan)。投資(zi)(zi)結(jie)構(gou)得到(dao)優化(hua)調(diao)整,投資(zi)(zi)規模和(he)速(su)(su)度逐步趨(qu)向(xiang)合理(li)。上(shang)半(ban)年(nian)(nian)城(cheng)鎮固定資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)投資(zi)(zi)同(tong)比增(zeng)加(jia)27.1%,增(zeng)速(su)(su)比去年(nian)(nian)上(shang)半(ban)年(nian)(nian)回落(luo)3.9個百分(fen)點,其中(zhong)(zhong)房地(di)產(chan)(chan)(chan)開(kai)發(fa)投資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)加(jia)23.5%,回落(luo)了(le)5.2個百分(fen)點。煤電油運領(ling)域的(de)(de)投資(zi)(zi)大(da)幅增(zeng)加(jia),經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)調(diao)節(jie)得到(dao)進(jin)(jin)一步加(jia)強,制約經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)良性發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)瓶(ping)頸矛(mao)盾總(zong)體(ti)上(shang)有(you)(you)所緩解(jie)。二(er)是經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)速(su)(su)度雖會(hui)繼續有(you)(you)所放慢,但(dan)拉動(dong)(dong)(dong)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)快(kuai)速(su)(su)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)依然(ran)(ran)強勁,全年(nian)(nian)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)仍將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)保(bao)持在(zai)較高水平。西(xi)部大(da)開(kai)發(fa)不(bu)(bu)斷推進(jin)(jin),振興(xing)東北(bei)等(deng)(deng)老工(gong)業基(ji)地(di)步伐加(jia)快(kuai),中(zhong)(zhong)部崛起(qi)條件(jian)(jian)進(jin)(jin)一步改(gai)善(shan),區(qu)域協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)領(ling)域不(bu)(bu)斷拓展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),基(ji)礎薄弱(ruo)環節(jie)得到(dao)加(jia)強等(deng)(deng),將(jiang)(jiang)更(geng)好(hao)地(di)促進(jin)(jin)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)協(xie)調(diao)均衡快(kuai)速(su)(su)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。北(bei)京奧運工(gong)程、上(shang)海世博工(gong)程等(deng)(deng)重大(da)項目建設(she)(she)進(jin)(jin)入關鍵時期(qi),為(wei)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)保(bao)持快(kuai)速(su)(su)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)增(zeng)添動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)。三是隨著收入水平提高和(he)生(sheng)活條件(jian)(jian)改(gai)善(shan),城(cheng)鄉(xiang)居民(min)消(xiao)費結(jie)構(gou)升(sheng)級將(jiang)(jiang)進(jin)(jin)一步拉動(dong)(dong)(dong)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)需(xu)求較快(kuai)增(zeng)長(chang)。擴大(da)消(xiao)費需(xu)求,帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),增(zeng)強循環能(neng)力(li)會(hui)受到(dao)更(geng)加(jia)重視(shi),鼓勵城(cheng)鄉(xiang)居民(min)健(jian)康合理(li)消(xiao)費的(de)(de)政策環境(jing)將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)得到(dao)進(jin)(jin)一步完善(shan)。四是我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)外貿易快(kuai)速(su)(su)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),國(guo)(guo)(guo)際國(guo)(guo)(guo)內兩個市(shi)場(chang)(chang)兩種資(zi)(zi)源的(de)(de)優化(hua)配置和(he)進(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)轉(zhuan)換,有(you)(you)效地(di)拓寬了(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)空間(jian),緩解(jie)了(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內產(chan)(chan)(chan)需(xu)結(jie)構(gou)不(bu)(bu)合理(li)的(de)(de)矛(mao)盾。上(shang)半(ban)年(nian)(nian)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)總(zong)額增(zeng)長(chang)23.2%,其中(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)增(zeng)長(chang)32.7%,進(jin)(jin)口(kou)增(zeng)長(chang)14%。用(yong)于生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎原材料(liao)、零附件(jian)(jian)和(he)投資(zi)(zi)設(she)(she)備用(yong)品繼續呈現(xian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)“高出(chu)(chu)(chu)低進(jin)(jin)”態勢,但(dan)進(jin)(jin)口(kou)仍多于出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)近4700億人民(min)幣,對(dui)彌(mi)補國(guo)(guo)(guo)內市(shi)場(chang)(chang)供(gong)需(xu)缺(que)口(kou)特(te)別是基(ji)礎原燃(ran)材料(liao)供(gong)需(xu)缺(que)口(kou)起(qi)到(dao)了(le)重要作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。一些(xie)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)的(de)(de)較多,對(dui)緩解(jie)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量快(kuai)速(su)(su)增(zeng)長(chang)帶來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)壓力(li)起(qi)到(dao)了(le)積極作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。預計下半(ban)年(nian)(nian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)將(jiang)(jiang)穩步放慢,進(jin)(jin)口(kou)將(jiang)(jiang)逐月加(jia)快(kuai),“高出(chu)(chu)(chu)低進(jin)(jin)”格局將(jiang)(jiang)逐漸改(gai)變,全年(nian)(nian)進(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)仍將(jiang)(jiang)實(shi)現(xian)15%以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)快(kuai)速(su)(su)增(zeng)長(chang)。這些(xie)有(you)(you)利(li)的(de)(de)因(yin)素和(he)條件(jian)(jian),將(jiang)(jiang)為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)平穩運行(xing)奠(dian)定堅實(shi)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎。
分析認為,當前(qian)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)市(shi)場(chang)和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)經(jing)濟(ji)運(yun)行(xing)中出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些新情況(kuang)新問(wen)題(ti)(ti)也不容忽視。一(yi)是前(qian)期(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)以鋼(gang)(gang)鐵、水泥(ni)、電解鋁為代表的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)過(guo)熱和(he)(he)膨脹(zhang),使(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力(li)急劇擴(kuo)張(zhang)。大(da)(da)批新建項目(mu)陸續建成(cheng)投(tou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)使(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)供(gong)給能力(li)明顯(xian)(xian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)強。與此(ci)同(tong)(tong)時,國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)市(shi)場(chang)過(guo)旺需求(qiu)(qiu)逐步降溫,國(guo)(guo)(guo)外市(shi)場(chang)強勁需求(qiu)(qiu)開始回穩走弱(ruo)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能擴(kuo)張(zhang)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)與內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外兩(liang)個市(shi)場(chang)需求(qiu)(qiu)降溫之間將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)形成(cheng)新的(de)(de)(de)矛盾,部分產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能過(guo)剩、供(gong)大(da)(da)于(yu)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)和(he)(he)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)會逐步顯(xian)(xian)現(xian)。6月末國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)30種主要生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)庫(ku)存(cun)額(e)比年(nian)(nian)初(chu)上升(sheng)7.5%。其中,氧化鋁庫(ku)存(cun)比年(nian)(nian)初(chu)上升(sheng)56%,生(sheng)鐵庫(ku)存(cun)上升(sheng)45.7%,粗(cu)鋼(gang)(gang)庫(ku)存(cun)上升(sheng)11%,水泥(ni)庫(ku)存(cun)上升(sheng)5%。二是隨(sui)著信貸(dai)、土地(di)、稅收等(deng)一(yi)系(xi)列宏觀(guan)調(diao)控措施的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)一(yi)步顯(xian)(xian)效(xiao),固定(ding)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)特別(bie)是房(fang)地(di)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)逐步降溫,下半年(nian)(nian)拉動(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)需求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)會減(jian)(jian)弱(ruo)。三是受信貸(dai)規(gui)模約束,實體經(jing)濟(ji)單位資(zi)(zi)(zi)金緊張(zhang)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)可能會更加(jia)(jia)突(tu)出(chu)。6月末金融機構人民幣各(ge)項貸(dai)款余額(e)同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)13.3%,增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)幅(fu)比去(qu)年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)回落(luo)(luo)3.1個百(bai)分點(dian)(dian),比去(qu)年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)底低1.3個百(bai)分點(dian)(dian)。資(zi)(zi)(zi)金趨緊將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)使(shi)部分企(qi)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營受到(dao)約束。四(si)是住房(fang)、汽車等(deng)帶動(dong)近年(nian)(nian)經(jing)濟(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)消費升(sheng)級商品(pin)銷售出(chu)現(xian)大(da)(da)幅(fu)回落(luo)(luo)。1-5月全國(guo)(guo)(guo)商品(pin)房(fang)銷售面(mian)積增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)幅(fu)比去(qu)年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)下降17個百(bai)分點(dian)(dian);售給個人的(de)(de)(de)商品(pin)房(fang)銷售額(e)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)幅(fu)同(tong)(tong)比回落(luo)(luo)21.4個百(bai)分點(dian)(dian)。1-6月全國(guo)(guo)(guo)累計轎車銷售增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)幅(fu)比同(tong)(tong)期(qi)回落(luo)(luo)22.3個百(bai)分點(dian)(dian)。五是全球經(jing)濟(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)速度放慢,國(guo)(guo)(guo)際市(shi)場(chang)平(ping)均需求(qiu)(qiu)減(jian)(jian)緩(huan),將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)進(jin)一(yi)步加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)求(qiu)(qiu)壓力(li)。六是石油及成(cheng)品(pin)油價(jia)格繼(ji)續走高(gao),電力(li)供(gong)應依然(ran)緊張(zhang),成(cheng)本壓力(li)繼(ji)續存(cun)在,加(jia)(jia)上市(shi)場(chang)競(jing)爭(zheng)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)會更加(jia)(jia)激烈,企(qi)業(ye)盈利(li)空間將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)進(jin)一(yi)步縮窄。這些情況(kuang)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)導致部分生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)結構性供(gong)過(guo)于(yu)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)矛盾有(you)可能加(jia)(jia)劇,市(shi)場(chang)價(jia)格繼(ji)續回落(luo)(luo),庫(ku)存(cun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能閑置、效(xiao)益下降的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)逐漸凸現(xian)。
全年(nian)生產資料銷售總額預計將達13萬億元左右,增長14%,增速比(bi)2004年(nian)降(jiang)低5個百分點(dian),市場價格總水平漲幅在4%左右,比(bi)2004年(nian)價格漲幅下(xia)降(jiang)9.6個百分點(dian)。
一、能(neng)源類產品(pin)市場需求依(yi)然旺(wang)盛,價格保(bao)持高(gao)位調整
下半年(nian),國際油價(jia)將繼(ji)續(xu)高位震蕩,全球能(neng)源需求(qiu)(qiu)依(yi)然(ran)強勁(jing),國內(nei)能(neng)源消(xiao)費會繼(ji)續(xu)保持較為旺盛勢頭。由(you)需求(qiu)(qiu)原因(yin)導致的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)源緊張(zhang)局面還將一定程度(du)上在部分區域、不同時段出現,能(neng)源產品價(jia)格(ge)總(zong)體走勢將繼(ji)續(xu)保持高位運行。調查認為,下半年(nian)10種能(neng)源產品供過于求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)占5.4%;供求(qiu)(qiu)平衡的(de)(de)(de)占64%;供不應求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)占30.6%。價(jia)格(ge)繼(ji)續(xu)上升的(de)(de)(de)占54.4%,價(jia)格(ge)穩定的(de)(de)(de)占41.5%。
成(cheng)品油(you)(you)市場(chang)將(jiang)繼續保持資源供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給低速(su)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang),消(xiao)費需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)增(zeng)勢平穩,市場(chang)價(jia)(jia)格高位堅挺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)格局。全(quan)年(nian)原(yuan)油(you)(you)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)預計將(jiang)達到3.1億噸(dun),比(bi)去年(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)6%左右。全(quan)年(nian)產量(liang)可達1.8億噸(dun),增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)3%,供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)缺口(kou)約在(zai)1.3億噸(dun),需(xu)(xu)依靠進口(kou)解(jie)決,全(quan)年(nian)進口(kou)依存(cun)度將(jiang)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)43%,比(bi)去年(nian)提高近2個(ge)百分(fen)點。成(cheng)品油(you)(you)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)總量(liang)將(jiang)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)2.3億噸(dun),增(zeng)幅在(zai)5%左右。其中,汽(qi)油(you)(you)市場(chang)總需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)將(jiang)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)5400萬噸(dun),比(bi)去年(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)4%;柴油(you)(you)1.1億噸(dun),增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)6.5%;燃料油(you)(you)5400萬噸(dun),增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)5%。調查顯示,認為成(cheng)品油(you)(you)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不應求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)25.9%,供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)求(qiu)平衡(heng)(heng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)70.5%,供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)于求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)3.7%;價(jia)(jia)格上漲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)55.7%,價(jia)(jia)格平穩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)42.5%,價(jia)(jia)格下(xia)降(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)1.9%。其中,汽(qi)油(you)(you)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不應求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)29.19%,供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)求(qiu)平衡(heng)(heng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)67.4%,供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)于求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)3.5%。價(jia)(jia)格上漲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)64%,價(jia)(jia)格平穩占(zhan)(zhan)32.6%,價(jia)(jia)格下(xia)降(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)3.5%;柴油(you)(you)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不應求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)49.4%,供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)求(qiu)平衡(heng)(heng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)50.6%。價(jia)(jia)格上漲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)73.9%,價(jia)(jia)格平穩占(zhan)(zhan)26.1%。
煤(mei)(mei)炭市(shi)場(chang)供需形勢平(ping)穩(wen),價(jia)格高位(wei)運(yun)行。全年煤(mei)(mei)炭產量將達到20.8億噸,需求約在20.4億噸左(zuo)右(you)。但部分(fen)煤(mei)(mei)種(zhong),如(ru)優質動力煤(mei)(mei)、煉焦煤(mei)(mei)、貧瘦煤(mei)(mei)受資源限制和需求旺(wang)盛的影響,市(shi)場(chang)價(jia)格仍會在不同(tong)時(shi)段(duan)小(xiao)(xiao)幅上(shang)(shang)揚,其(qi)他普通煤(mei)(mei)種(zhong)價(jia)格可能會在高位(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)幅回落。調查顯(xian)示(shi),認為煤(mei)(mei)炭供不應(ying)求的占(zhan)39.6%,供求平(ping)衡(heng)的占(zhan)51.5%,供過于求的占(zhan)8.8%;價(jia)格上(shang)(shang)漲的占(zhan)51.8%,價(jia)格平(ping)穩(wen)的占(zhan)39.5%,價(jia)格下降的占(zhan)8.6%。
二、黑色金屬需求降溫,價格高(gao)位回落,部(bu)分產品產能(neng)過剩的壓力加大(da)
隨(sui)著宏觀調控(kong)效果(guo)的(de)(de)進一步顯現(xian),下半(ban)年市場(chang)供(gong)需增長幅度將(jiang)有所回落(luo),市場(chang)將(jiang)向供(gong)過(guo)于(yu)求(qiu)方向發展。調查認為(wei),在50種黑色(se)金屬材料中,供(gong)過(guo)于(yu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)22.9%;供(gong)求(qiu)平(ping)衡的(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)72.7%;供(gong)不應求(qiu)的(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)4.4%。供(gong)不應求(qiu)比(bi)重(zhong)比(bi)上半(ban)年減少19.6個百分(fen)點,供(gong)過(guo)于(yu)求(qiu)比(bi)重(zhong)比(bi)上半(ban)年增加6.9個百分(fen)點。市場(chang)價(jia)(jia)格隨(sui)著供(gong)求(qiu)關系(xi)的(de)(de)改變將(jiang)出現(xian)震蕩回落(luo)。調查顯示,認為(wei)市場(chang)價(jia)(jia)格保持穩定的(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)53.3%,下降的(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)39.4%。其中,認為(wei)線材價(jia)(jia)格下降的(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)50.5%,保持平(ping)穩的(de)(de)只(zhi)占(zhan)(zhan)36%。
預(yu)計2005年全社會鋼(gang)材(cai)需求將(jiang)在(zai)(zai)3.4億(yi)噸(dun)左右,產(chan)量超過3.3億(yi)噸(dun),考(kao)慮到鋼(gang)材(cai)品種結構因素,全年進口仍需在(zai)(zai)2600萬噸(dun)左右。部分(fen)產(chan)品特別是建筑用材(cai)產(chan)能(neng)過剩(sheng)的壓(ya)力加大,市(shi)場價格將(jiang)從(cong)上(shang)半年高(gao)位逐(zhu)步回落。預(yu)計2005年全年平均價格將(jiang)略低于2004年水平。
三、汽車(che)市場供(gong)需仍保(bao)持平緩,價格在(zai)低(di)位運(yun)行
隨著(zhu)我國汽(qi)(qi)車(che)工(gong)業的快(kuai)速發展,2005年我國汽(qi)(qi)車(che)產量將(jiang)(jiang)達(da)到583萬輛,同比增(zeng)長15%左(zuo)右。市場(chang)需求(qiu)在(zai)575萬輛,同比增(zeng)長12%,汽(qi)(qi)車(che)市場(chang)仍將(jiang)(jiang)保持穩(wen)步增(zeng)長態勢。受行業競(jing)爭的不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)加劇、汽(qi)(qi)車(che)產品進口配額的取消、關稅(shui)的降低、人民幣匯率的調(diao)(diao)整及燃油價(jia)格的不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)上調(diao)(diao)等因(yin)素的影(ying)響(xiang),市場(chang)價(jia)格將(jiang)(jiang)平穩(wen)小幅回落。調(diao)(diao)查認(ren)為(wei),30種類型汽(qi)(qi)車(che)產品供(gong)(gong)過于求(qiu)的占42.7%;供(gong)(gong)求(qiu)平衡(heng)的占56.6%;供(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)應(ying)求(qiu)的只占0.7%。認(ren)為(wei)價(jia)格穩(wen)定的占51.2%,價(jia)格下降的占42.8%。
四、建材市場產能壓(ya)力(li)加大,價格穩(wen)中有降(jiang)
下半年隨(sui)著國家(jia)對房地(di)產政策調(diao)整(zheng)的(de)(de)效果進一步顯(xian)現,建材市場(chang)需求(qiu)增(zeng)長將(jiang)逐步趨緩,產能過剩壓力(li)加(jia)大(da),市場(chang)價格穩(wen)中有降。調(diao)查認為,36種建筑(zhu)材料(liao)供(gong)過于求(qiu)的(de)(de)占(zhan)29.9%;供(gong)求(qiu)平(ping)衡(heng)的(de)(de)占(zhan)68.4%;供(gong)不應求(qiu)的(de)(de)占(zhan)1.7%。供(gong)不應求(qiu)比重比上(shang)(shang)半年減少20.3個(ge)(ge)百分(fen)點,供(gong)過于求(qiu)比重比上(shang)(shang)半年增(zeng)加(jia)1.9個(ge)(ge)百分(fen)點。
預計全年多數建材產(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)需(xu)將保持一(yi)定(ding)幅(fu)度的增長。其中(zhong)水(shui)泥產(chan)(chan)量(liang)將比(bi)去年小幅(fu)增加,約在10億噸左右;市(shi)場需(xu)求量(liang)繼續減(jian)緩,約在9.5億噸左右。由于(yu)水(shui)泥產(chan)(chan)能超(chao)過需(xu)求,市(shi)場供需(xu)矛盾將會逐步顯露,市(shi)場價(jia)格(ge)將進一(yi)步穩中(zhong)有(you)落。
五、有色市場由供求偏緊向供求平衡轉變,價格(ge)高位震蕩
今年以來,受國內外市場對有色金屬需求不斷增加的影響,市場供需處于偏緊,價格高位運行。下半年,隨著有色金屬產量的不斷增加,市場需求由快速增長轉向平穩增長,供求關系將得到改善,由供求偏緊向供需平衡轉變,但價格仍將高位震蕩。調查認為,11種有色金屬材料供過于求的占5.2%;供求平衡的占79.9%;供不應求的占14.9%,供不應求比重比上半年減少12個百分點。由于近幾年國內鋁產量迅速增長,電解鋁市場已進入供大于求狀態,預計全年產量將達720萬噸,同比增長8%左右,需求約在680萬噸,同比增長15%,價格將在15500-17000元之間運行。其他有色金屬雖然市場供給能力有所增強,需求有所減弱,供求向基本平衡過渡,但在強勁需求的拉動下,下半年價格仍將繼續保持堅挺。
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