我國是農藥生產與使用大國,通過合理使用農藥,每年為挽回糧食和經濟作物損失做出重要貢獻。但據民盟中央調研發現,我國在農藥生產、經營及使用過程中也存在不少問題,表現為:.
農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生產品種繁多(duo),但種類不(bu)平衡,部分農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產品質(zhi)量不(bu)高,很多(duo)小宗作物面臨無藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)可用的尷尬(ga)局面。農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)經營門(men)檻較低,大(da)(da)多(duo)數經營戶素質(zhi)偏(pian)低,無法在(zai)正確(que)指導農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使用中發揮應有作用。農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進入市場要經歷多(duo)個流通環(huan)節(jie),主管部門(men)較多(duo),給農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的監管和(he)執(zhi)法帶來不(bu)便。同時,檢(jian)查執(zhi)法大(da)(da)隊專業人員(yuan)和(he)執(zhi)法設備缺乏,經費保障(zhang)不(bu)力,很難保證檢(jian)查執(zhi)法質(zhi)量。此外,農(nong)民對農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)科學(xue)合理使用知(zhi)識掌握不(bu)足,農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)利用率只有30%左右。
對此(ci),民盟中央建議,在(zai)(zai)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產領域,應(ying)注重產業整合和規(gui)范化(hua)、標(biao)準化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產,減少高毒農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產使用(yong)。應(ying)通(tong)過在(zai)(zai)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)登記管理(li)上實行政(zheng)策傾斜(xie),積極(ji)引導企業開發(fa)高毒農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的替代品(pin)種(zhong)。通(tong)過補貼政(zheng)策鼓(gu)勵農(nong)戶使用(yong)低毒農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和高毒農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的有效替代品(pin),防(fang)止(zhi)因此(ci)帶(dai)來的一系列食品(pin)安全(quan)和環(huan)境污染(ran)問題。
在農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)流通領域,將農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)專賣制度和建立農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)藥(yao)劑師(指導員)制度配套使用(yong),對農(nong)(nong)民用(yong)藥(yao)進行專業指導,減少、避免(mian)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)亂用(yong)、錯用(yong)、濫(lan)用(yong)等造成的食物中毒(du)、環境污染等問(wen)題。
同時(shi),建(jian)(jian)立農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)全流(liu)程聯合(he)執(zhi)法機制(zhi),加(jia)大監管力度。對于農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)進入市(shi)場(chang)要(yao)嚴(yan)格(ge)把關,增(zeng)加(jia)對基層執(zhi)法檢查隊(dui)伍的(de)投入,包(bao)括經(jing)(jing)費保障,配(pei)備(bei)必要(yao)的(de)電子農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)管理手冊、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)監測儀器等設備(bei)。農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)檢驗涉及各部門,要(yao)建(jian)(jian)立聯合(he)執(zhi)法機制(zhi),提高執(zhi)法隊(dui)伍專業化(hua)(hua)、專業檢測市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)執(zhi)法剛(gang)化(hua)(hua)等,以實現對于農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)這(zhe)類特殊商品的(de)嚴(yan)格(ge)監管。此外,通(tong)過多種形式(shi)加(jia)強(qiang)宣傳,加(jia)大對農(nong)(nong)民(min)用藥(yao)(yao)(yao)知識和技能的(de)培訓,減少農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)使用不規(gui)范現象。