財政部農業部有關負責人就調整完善農業三項補貼政策答記者問
為積極穩妥推進(jin)調整完善(shan)農業補(bu)貼政(zheng)策工(gong)作，近日財(cai)政(zheng)部、農業部印發了《關(guan)于調整完善(shan)農業三項補(bu)貼政(zheng)策的指(zhi)(zhi)導意見》（以下簡稱(cheng)《指(zhi)(zhi)導意見》）。記者就農業補(bu)貼政(zheng)策調整完善(shan)相關(guan)問(wen)題采訪(fang)了兩部門有(you)關(guan)負責人。
記者：為什么要對農業“三項補貼”政策做出適當的調整完善？
自2004年起，國家先后實施了農作物良種補貼、種糧農民直接補貼和農資綜合補貼等(deng)三(san)(san)項(xiang)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)（以下簡稱農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)“三(san)(san)項(xiang)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)”）。政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的實(shi)施(shi)，對于(yu)促進糧食生(sheng)產和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民增收(shou)、推(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)發展發揮了(le)(le)積極(ji)的作(zuo)用。但隨著農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)發展形勢發生(sheng)深刻(ke)變(bian)化，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)“三(san)(san)項(xiang)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)”政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)效(xiao)應遞減，政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)效(xiao)能逐步降低，迫切需要(yao)調(diao)整(zheng)完(wan)善。為了(le)(le)認真貫徹落實(shi)黨(dang)的十八屆三(san)(san)中(zhong)全會和(he)(he)近年(nian)(nian)來中(zhong)央1號文(wen)件關于(yu)完(wan)善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)、改革農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)制度(du)的精神，財政(zheng)部(bu)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)針對當(dang)前(qian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)實(shi)施(shi)過程(cheng)中(zhong)出現的問題，深入開展調(diao)查研(yan)究，在充分(fen)征求和(he)(he)廣泛聽取各方面意見的基礎上，提出了(le)(le)調(diao)整(zheng)完(wan)善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的建議(yi)，經國(guo)務院(yuan)同(tong)意，決定從(cong)2015年(nian)(nian)調(diao)整(zheng)完(wan)善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)“三(san)(san)項(xiang)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)”政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)。
調整完(wan)善農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)“三項補貼”政(zheng)策，是轉變農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)式的(de)迫切需(xu)要(yao)。我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產成本較高(gao)，種糧(liang)比較效益(yi)低(di)，主(zhu)要(yao)原因就是農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)式粗放，經(jing)(jing)營(ying)規(gui)(gui)模小。受制于小規(gui)(gui)模經(jing)(jing)營(ying)，無論(lun)是先進(jin)科技成果(guo)的(de)推(tui)廣應用、金融服務的(de)提(ti)供、與市場的(de)有效對(dui)接(jie)，還是農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)標準化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)推(tui)進(jin)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品質量的(de)提(ti)高(gao)、生(sheng)(sheng)產效益(yi)的(de)增加、市場競(jing)爭力(li)的(de)提(ti)升，都遇到很大(da)困(kun)難。因此，加快轉變農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)式，強化(hua)糧(liang)食安(an)全(quan)保障能力(li)，建(jian)設國(guo)家糧(liang)食安(an)全(quan)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全(quan)保障體(ti)系，迫切需(xu)要(yao)調整完(wan)善農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)“三項補貼”政(zheng)策，加大(da)對(dui)糧(liang)食適度規(gui)(gui)模經(jing)(jing)營(ying)的(de)支持力(li)度，促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)可持續發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。
調(diao)整完(wan)善(shan)農(nong)業(ye)“三(san)(san)項(xiang)(xiang)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)”政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)，是提高(gao)農(nong)業(ye)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)效(xiao)能(neng)的(de)(de)迫切(qie)需(xu)要。在多數地方，農(nong)業(ye)“三(san)(san)項(xiang)(xiang)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)”已經演變成(cheng)為農(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)收入補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)，一些農(nong)民(min)(min)即(ji)使不(bu)種糧或者不(bu)種地，也能(neng)得(de)到(dao)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)。而真正從事糧食(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)種糧大戶、家庭(ting)農(nong)場、農(nong)民(min)(min)合作(zuo)社等新型經營主體，卻很難得(de)到(dao)除(chu)自己承包耕地之外的(de)(de)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)支持。農(nong)業(ye)“三(san)(san)項(xiang)(xiang)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)”政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)對(dui)(dui)調(diao)動種糧積極性、促進糧食(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用大大降低。因(yin)此，增(zeng)強農(nong)業(ye)“三(san)(san)項(xiang)(xiang)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)”的(de)(de)指向性、精準性和實效(xiao)性，加大對(dui)(dui)糧食(shi)適度規模經營支持力度，提高(gao)農(nong)業(ye)“三(san)(san)項(xiang)(xiang)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)”政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)效(xiao)能(neng)，迫切(qie)需(xu)要調(diao)整完(wan)善(shan)農(nong)業(ye)“三(san)(san)項(xiang)(xiang)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)”政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)。
與此同(tong)時(shi)，調整完善現(xian)行的農業“三(san)項補貼”政策，有利于我國遵循世界貿易組(zu)織(zhi)規則，進一步通過“綠箱政策”措施(shi)加大(da)對農業農村的支持力度。
記者：調整完善農業“三項補貼”政策需要遵循那些基本原則？
這次調整完善農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)“三(san)項補貼”政策(ce)(ce)的目(mu)的是提高政策(ce)(ce)的指(zhi)向性(xing)、精準性(xing)和實效性(xing)，提高政策(ce)(ce)效能(neng)，在(zai)國家對農(nong)(nong)民(min)的總(zong)體(ti)支持(chi)力(li)(li)度不降低的前提下，促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展方式轉(zhuan)變，推進糧食適度規(gui)模經營(ying)，促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)可持(chi)續發展，提高農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產力(li)(li)和農(nong)(nong)產品市場競爭(zheng)力(li)(li)。需要(yao)遵(zun)循以下幾項原則。
一是切實保(bao)障(zhang)廣(guang)大農(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)基本利(li)(li)益(yi)(yi)。保(bao)護廣(guang)大農(nong)(nong)(nong)民群(qun)眾(zhong)的(de)基本利(li)(li)益(yi)(yi)是調整(zheng)完(wan)善(shan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業補貼(tie)政策(ce)、改革農(nong)(nong)(nong)業補貼(tie)制度必(bi)須堅守的(de)底線(xian)，維護好、實現好廣(guang)大農(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)基本利(li)(li)益(yi)(yi)是調整(zheng)完(wan)善(shan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業補貼(tie)政策(ce)、改革農(nong)(nong)(nong)業補貼(tie)制度必(bi)須遵循的(de)首要原(yuan)則。
二是(shi)強化對糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)適(shi)度規模(mo)經營(ying)的支持。穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)提(ti)高(gao)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)能是(shi)確保“谷物基本自(zi)給(gei)、口糧(liang)(liang)(liang)絕對安(an)全”的關鍵，是(shi)確保國家糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全的重要舉措(cuo)。調整完善農(nong)業“三項補(bu)貼”政策(ce)，增強農(nong)業“三項補(bu)貼”促進糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)適(shi)度規模(mo)經營(ying)的指(zhi)向性(xing)(xing)、精準性(xing)(xing)和實效(xiao)性(xing)(xing)，既符合國家利益，也符合廣大人民(min)群眾的根本利益。有(you)利于提(ti)高(gao)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)生產(chan)(chan)的比較效(xiao)益,調動新型經營(ying)主體(ti)和農(nong)民(min)種糧(liang)(liang)(liang)的積極性(xing)(xing)，從數量質(zhi)量效(xiao)益并重方面穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)提(ti)高(gao)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)綜合產(chan)(chan)能力。
三是有(you)效促進農業(ye)可(ke)持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。我國現階段主要依靠資源要素高投入實現高產(chan)(chan)出的農業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方式已經(jing)對(dui)農業(ye)資源環(huan)境造成(cheng)極大的損害，農產(chan)(chan)品質量安(an)全難以保(bao)(bao)證，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)不可(ke)持(chi)續。調整農業(ye)“三項補貼(tie)”政(zheng)策指向，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)耕地地力，有(you)利于保(bao)(bao)護(hu)我國有(you)限寶貴的耕地資源、水(shui)資源和農業(ye)生態(tai)環(huan)境，實現農業(ye)可(ke)持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。
四是保(bao)持補(bu)貼(tie)政(zheng)策的(de)連續性(xing)穩定性(xing)。調整完善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業“三項(xiang)補(bu)貼(tie)”政(zheng)策、改革農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業補(bu)貼(tie)制度事關廣大農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民群眾利益和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村發展大局(ju)，必須積極穩妥，保(bao)持政(zheng)策的(de)連續性(xing)穩定性(xing)。首先，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業“三項(xiang)補(bu)貼(tie)”總(zong)量只(zhi)增(zeng)不減，補(bu)貼(tie)力度不降；其次，認真(zhen)貫徹落實(shi)中央1號(hao)文件(jian)的(de)要求，除試(shi)點地區外(wai)，2015年繼續實(shi)施農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資綜(zong)合補(bu)貼(tie)、種糧農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民直接(jie)補(bu)貼(tie)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物良種補(bu)貼(tie)政(zheng)策；第三，選擇部分省的(de)部分縣市開展農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業“三項(xiang)補(bu)貼(tie)”改革試(shi)點，把頂層設計與基層探索有機(ji)結合起來(lai)，確保(bao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業補(bu)貼(tie)改革穩步推進。
記者：這次農業“三項補貼”政策調整完善的主要內容是什么？
這次農(nong)業“三項補(bu)貼”政策(ce)調整完善的主要內容(rong)分為兩個方(fang)面。
一是在全國范圍內調整20%的農資綜合補貼資金用于支持糧食適度規模經營。根據農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)資(zi)料價格下降的(de)情況，由(you)各(ge)省(sheng)、自治區、直(zhi)轄市(shi)、計劃單(dan)列市(shi)從中央財政安排(pai)下達的(de)農(nong)(nong)資(zi)綜合(he)補貼中調整20%的(de)資(zi)金，加上(shang)種糧大(da)戶(hu)補貼試(shi)點資(zi)金和農(nong)(nong)業“三項補貼”增量資(zi)金，統籌(chou)用于(yu)支(zhi)持糧食適度規模經(jing)營。支(zhi)持對象(xiang)為主(zhu)要糧食作物的(de)適度規模生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營者，重點向(xiang)種糧大(da)戶(hu)、家庭農(nong)(nong)場、農(nong)(nong)民合(he)作社(she)、農(nong)(nong)業社(she)會(hui)化服務組織等新型(xing)經(jing)營主(zhu)體傾斜。
二是選(xuan)擇部(bu)(bu)分地(di)(di)區開(kai)展農(nong)(nong)業(ye)“三項補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)”改革(ge)試點(dian)。2015年(nian)，財(cai)政部(bu)(bu)、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)選(xuan)擇安徽、山東、湖南、四川和浙江等5個省,由省里選(xuan)擇一部(bu)(bu)分縣(xian)市開(kai)展農(nong)(nong)業(ye)“三項補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)”改革(ge)試點(dian)。試點(dian)的(de)主要(yao)內容(rong)是將農(nong)(nong)業(ye)“三項補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)”合并為“農(nong)(nong)業(ye)支持保護補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)”，政策目標調整為支持耕地(di)(di)地(di)(di)力保護和糧食(shi)適度規模(mo)經營。
將(jiang)80%的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)綜合(he)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)存量(liang)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)，加(jia)上(shang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)糧農(nong)(nong)民直接補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)和農(nong)(nong)作物良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)，用(yong)于耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)力保(bao)護。補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)對象為(wei)所(suo)有(you)擁有(you)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)承包權的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)農(nong)(nong)民，享受(shou)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)民要做到(dao)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不撂荒，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)力不降低。補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)要與(yu)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)或(huo)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面積(ji)掛鉤(gou)，并嚴格掌握補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)政策(ce)界限。對已(yi)作為(wei)畜牧養殖場使用(yong)的(de)(de)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、林地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、成(cheng)片糧田轉(zhuan)為(wei)設(she)施農(nong)(nong)業用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、非農(nong)(nong)業征（占(zhan)）用(yong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等(deng)已(yi)改(gai)變用(yong)途的(de)(de)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，以及長年拋荒地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、占(zhan)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平衡(heng)中(zhong)“補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)”的(de)(de)面積(ji)和質量(liang)達(da)不到(dao)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等(deng)不再給予(yu)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)。同時，要調動農(nong)(nong)民加(jia)強農(nong)(nong)業生態資(zi)(zi)源保(bao)護意識，主動保(bao)護地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)力，鼓勵秸(jie)稈還田，不露天焚燒。這部(bu)分補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)仍然(ran)采取直接現金(jin)(jin)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)到(dao)戶的(de)(de)方(fang)式。
將20%的農資(zi)(zi)綜合補貼(tie)(tie)存量資(zi)(zi)金(jin)，加上(shang)種糧大戶補貼(tie)(tie)試點(dian)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)和(he)農業“三項補貼(tie)(tie)”增量資(zi)(zi)金(jin)，按照統一(yi)(yi)調整完善(shan)(shan)政策的要求集中(zhong)支持糧食(shi)適(shi)度規模經營。其他地區也(ye)可根據本地實際，比照試點(dian)地區的政策和(he)要求自主(zhu)選擇一(yi)(yi)部分縣市開(kai)展試點(dian)，但試點(dian)范(fan)圍要適(shi)當(dang)控制。2016 年，農業“三項補貼(tie)(tie)”改革(ge)將在總結試點(dian)經驗、進一(yi)(yi)步完善(shan)(shan)政策措施的基礎上(shang)在全國范(fan)圍推(tui)開(kai)。
記者：調整完善農業“三項補貼”政策將通過什么樣的方式支持糧食適度規模經營？
糧(liang)食適(shi)度(du)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)經(jing)營(ying)有多(duo)種形式(shi)(shi)，既(ji)有土(tu)地(di)有序流轉形成的(de)土(tu)地(di)適(shi)度(du)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)經(jing)營(ying)，也有通過股(gu)份合作(zuo)、聯合、訂單農業和社(she)會化服務提供等方(fang)式(shi)(shi)實現的(de)糧(liang)食適(shi)度(du)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)經(jing)營(ying)。因此(ci)，各地(di)要(yao)堅持因地(di)制宜、簡便(bian)易行、效率與公平兼(jian)顧的(de)原則(ze)，采(cai)取積極有效的(de)支(zhi)持方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，促(cu)進糧(liang)食適(shi)度(du)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)經(jing)營(ying)。《指(zhi)導意見》中對采(cai)取的(de)支(zhi)持方(fang)式(shi)(shi)也提出了一些明(ming)確的(de)要(yao)求。
一是重點(dian)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)(li)完善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)。通過(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)方式為糧(liang)食(shi)適度(du)(du)規(gui)模(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)貸(dai)款提(ti)供信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用擔(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，著力解決(jue)新型經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)在(zai)糧(liang)食(shi)適度(du)(du)規(gui)模(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)中的(de)(de)“融(rong)資(zi)難(nan)”、“融(rong)資(zi)貴”問題。支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)糧(liang)食(shi)適度(du)(du)規(gui)模(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)補貼(tie)資(zi)金，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用于支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)各地尤(you)其(qi)是糧(liang)食(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)產省(sheng)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)(li)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)，推動形成全國性的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用擔(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)，逐步建(jian)(jian)成覆蓋糧(liang)食(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)產區及主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)大縣的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網絡，強化銀擔(dan)(dan)(dan)合作(zuo)(zuo)機制，支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)糧(liang)食(shi)適度(du)(du)規(gui)模(mo)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)。今(jin)年，要(yao)(yao)把資(zi)金投入重點(dian)和(he)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)重點(dian)放在(zai)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)(li)省(sheng)級(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)方面(mian)(mian)，特(te)別(bie)是糧(liang)食(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)產省(sheng)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)大省(sheng)在(zai)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)(li)省(sheng)級(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)方面(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)實現突破，初步建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)(li)省(sheng)級(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)框架。與此同時，要(yao)(yao)積極探(tan)索建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)(li)全國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機構和(he)省(sheng)以下農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)貸(dai)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機構的(de)(de)有效途徑。
二是也(ye)(ye)可(ke)以采(cai)取(qu)貸(dai)款(kuan)貼息(xi)、現金直補(bu)(bu)、重(zhong)大技(ji)術推廣與服(fu)務(wu)補(bu)(bu)助(zhu)等方式支(zhi)持糧(liang)(liang)食適(shi)度(du)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)經(jing)營(ying)。對糧(liang)(liang)食適(shi)度(du)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)經(jing)營(ying)主體貸(dai)款(kuan)利息(xi)也(ye)(ye)可(ke)以給予(yu)適(shi)當補(bu)(bu)助(zhu)（不超過貸(dai)款(kuan)利息(xi)的50%）。也(ye)(ye)可(ke)以采(cai)取(qu)現金直補(bu)(bu)的方式，但要與主要糧(liang)(liang)食作物的種植(zhi)面(mian)積或技(ji)術推廣服(fu)務(wu)面(mian)積掛鉤，單戶(hu)補(bu)(bu)貼要設置合理(li)的補(bu)(bu)貼規(gui)(gui)模(mo)上限，防(fang)止“壘(lei)大戶(hu)”。也(ye)(ye)可(ke)以采(cai)取(qu)“先服(fu)務(wu)后補(bu)(bu)助(zhu)”、提供物化補(bu)(bu)助(zhu)等方式，為糧(liang)(liang)食適(shi)度(du)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)經(jing)營(ying)提供重(zhong)大技(ji)術推廣與服(fu)務(wu)補(bu)(bu)助(zhu)。
記者：財政部(bu)、農業部(bu)對做好調整完善農業補貼政策在(zai)具體組織實(shi)施方面有什么(me)要(yao)求？
調整完(wan)善農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)“三(san)項(xiang)補貼”政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)事關廣大(da)農(nong)(nong)民群眾(zhong)利益和(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)村發展大(da)局，事關國家糧食安全和(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)可持續發展大(da)局。《指導意(yi)見》要(yao)求，地方各(ge)級人民政(zheng)(zheng)府及財政(zheng)(zheng)部門、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部門要(yao)充(chong)分認識調整完(wan)善農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)“三(san)項(xiang)補貼”政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的(de)重要(yao)意(yi)義，統一思想，高度重視，精心(xin)組(zu)織，明確(que)責任，加(jia)強配合(he)，扎實工(gong)作，確(que)保(bao)完(wan)成調整完(wan)善農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)“三(san)項(xiang)補貼”政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的(de)各(ge)項(xiang)任務。
一(yi)是(shi)切(qie)實加強組織領(ling)導(dao)。加強組織領(ling)導(dao)是(shi)做(zuo)好(hao)調(diao)整(zheng)完善農業“三(san)(san)項補貼”工作(zuo)的(de)重要(yao)保(bao)證。《指導(dao)意見》提出，這次調(diao)整(zheng)完善農業“三(san)(san)項補貼”政策(ce)工作(zuo)由省級(ji)人(ren)民(min)政府負總責(ze)。要(yao)求(qiu)地(di)方各(ge)級(ji)財政部門(men)、農業部門(men)要(yao)在人(ren)民(min)政府的(de)統一(yi)領(ling)導(dao)下，加強對具體實施(shi)工作(zuo)的(de)組織領(ling)導(dao)，建立健全工作(zuo)機制，明確工作(zuo)責(ze)任(ren)，密切(qie)部門(men)合作(zuo)，確保(bao)工作(zuo)任(ren)務和具體責(ze)任(ren)落實到位，確保(bao)調(diao)整(zheng)完善農業“三(san)(san)項補貼”政策(ce)的(de)各(ge)項工作(zuo)落實到位。地(di)方各(ge)級(ji)財政部門(men)要(yao)安排相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)組織管理經費來保(bao)障各(ge)項工作(zuo)的(de)有(you)序推進(jin)。
二是認(ren)真(zhen)制(zhi)定(ding)具體實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)。制(zhi)定(ding)具體實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)是做好調(diao)整(zheng)完善(shan)農(nong)業“三(san)項(xiang)補貼(tie)”政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)的基礎(chu)和(he)前提。《指(zhi)導(dao)意(yi)見》要(yao)(yao)求，各省(sheng)級(ji)財(cai)政(zheng)部(bu)門、農(nong)業部(bu)門要(yao)(yao)結(jie)合本地(di)實(shi)際(ji)，在充分聽取各方(fang)(fang)面意(yi)見的基礎(chu)上(shang)，認(ren)真(zhen)制(zhi)定(ding)調(diao)整(zheng)完善(shan)農(nong)業“三(san)項(xiang)補貼(tie)”政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)，因地(di)制(zhi)宜研(yan)究(jiu)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)糧食適度規模經營(ying)的范圍、支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)方(fang)(fang)式，明確(que)(que)時間節點、任(ren)(ren)務分工和(he)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)主體，明確(que)(que)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的具體要(yao)(yao)求和(he)組織(zhi)保障措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。確(que)(que)定(ding)的具體實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)要(yao)(yao)報請省(sheng)級(ji)人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府審定(ding)同(tong)意(yi)。為了加強對調(diao)整(zheng)完善(shan)農(nong)業“三(san)項(xiang)補貼(tie)”政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)的指(zhi)導(dao)和(he)上(shang)下信息溝(gou)通(tong)，《指(zhi)導(dao)意(yi)見》要(yao)(yao)求各省(sheng)在研(yan)究(jiu)糧食適度規模經營(ying)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)方(fang)(fang)式過程中要(yao)(yao)與財(cai)政(zheng)部(bu)、農(nong)業部(bu)進行(xing)溝(gou)通(tong)，省(sheng)級(ji)人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府審定(ding)的實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)要(yao)(yao)報財(cai)政(zheng)部(bu)、農(nong)業部(bu)備案(an)(an)。
三(san)是抓緊落(luo)實農業“三(san)項補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼”政策(ce)。各地要抓緊研究制(zhi)定(ding)支(zhi)持(chi)糧食適度規模經營的具(ju)體(ti)措(cuo)施(shi)，盡(jin)(jin)快將(jiang)資(zi)金(jin)和政策(ce)落(luo)實到(dao)(dao)位(wei)。按照今年中央1號文件要求，制(zhi)定(ding)具(ju)體(ti)方(fang)案(an)，調整優化補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼方(fang)式，抓緊撥付(fu)80%的農資(zi)綜合補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼資(zi)金(jin)和全部種(zhong)糧農民(min)(min)直(zhi)接補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼、農作物良種(zhong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼資(zi)金(jin)，及時安全發放到(dao)(dao)農戶，盡(jin)(jin)快兌(dui)付(fu)到(dao)(dao)農民(min)(min)手(shou)中。試點(dian)地區要抓緊研究制(zhi)定(ding)試點(dian)方(fang)案(an)，確保直(zhi)接補(bu)(bu)(bu)貼農民(min)(min)的資(zi)金(jin)盡(jin)(jin)快兌(dui)付(fu)到(dao)(dao)農民(min)(min)手(shou)中，支(zhi)持(chi)糧食適度規模經營的措(cuo)施(shi)盡(jin)(jin)快落(luo)實到(dao)(dao)位(wei)。
四是切實加(jia)強農(nong)業“三(san)(san)項補(bu)貼”資金(jin)(jin)分(fen)配使用監管(guan)(guan)。明(ming)確部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)管(guan)(guan)理職責(ze)，逐步建立管(guan)(guan)理責(ze)任(ren)體(ti)系。中(zhong)央財(cai)政農(nong)業“三(san)(san)項補(bu)貼”資金(jin)(jin)按照耕地面(mian)積、糧食產量等因素測算切塊到各省(sheng)，由各省(sheng)確定(ding)補(bu)貼方(fang)式和補(bu)貼標準。省(sheng)級(ji)財(cai)政部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)、農(nong)業部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)負責(ze)項目的(de)組織管(guan)(guan)理、任(ren)務落(luo)實、資金(jin)(jin)撥付和監督考核(he)等管(guan)(guan)理工作，督促市縣級(ji)財(cai)政部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)、農(nong)業部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)要(yao)做(zuo)好相關基(ji)礎數據(ju)采集審核(he)、補(bu)貼資金(jin)(jin)發(fa)放等工作。對騙取(qu)、套取(qu)、貪污、擠(ji)占、挪用農(nong)業“三(san)(san)項補(bu)貼”資金(jin)(jin)的(de)，或違規(gui)發(fa)放農(nong)業“三(san)(san)項補(bu)貼”資金(jin)(jin)的(de)行為，將依法依規(gui)嚴肅處理。
五(wu)是密(mi)切跟蹤工作進展(zhan)(zhan)動態。中央和省級財政部門、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部門要(yao)(yao)密(mi)切跟蹤農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)“三(san)(san)項補貼(tie)”政策(ce)調整完善工作進展(zhan)(zhan)動態，加強信息溝通交(jiao)流(liu)，建立健(jian)全考核制(zhi)度，對(dui)實施情況進行監督檢查。財政部、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部將(jiang)(jiang)深入有關省開展(zhan)(zhan)調查研究(jiu)，及(ji)時了(le)解情況，總結(jie)經驗，解決問(wen)題。同時，財政部、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部將(jiang)(jiang)研究(jiu)制(zhi)定相關制(zhi)度，適時對(dui)各地(di)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)“三(san)(san)項補貼(tie)”政策(ce)落實情況進行績(ji)效考核，考核結(jie)果將(jiang)(jiang)作為以后(hou)年度農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)補貼(tie)資金及(ji)補貼(tie)工作經費分配的重要(yao)(yao)因素。
六是(shi)做好(hao)政策(ce)宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)解(jie)釋(shi)工作。各(ge)地要切實做好(hao)輿論(lun)宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)工作，主動與社(she)會(hui)各(ge)方面特別是(shi)基層(ceng)干部(bu)群眾進(jin)行溝通交流，贏得理解(jie)和支持(chi)，為政策(ce)調整完善和改革試點工作有序(xu)推(tui)進(jin)創造良(liang)好(hao)的輿論(lun)氛圍和社(she)會(hui)環境。
