一、發生情況
我省自去年(nian)12月14日(ri)在(zai)南(nan)陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)唐河縣(xian)(xian)始(shi)見(jian)小麥條銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)中心以(yi)來，發(fa)病(bing)(bing)點(dian)數不斷增加，目前(qian)已(yi)由春(chun)節前(qian)的2市(shi)(shi)(shi)4縣(xian)(xian)擴大到南(nan)陽(yang)、信陽(yang)、駐(zhu)馬(ma)店、平(ping)頂(ding)山(shan)等4個市(shi)(shi)(shi)的9個縣(xian)(xian)（區），分別是南(nan)陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的唐河、淅(xi)川(chuan)、新野、內(nei)鄉、桐柏(bo)縣(xian)(xian)、宛城區，駐(zhu)馬(ma)店市(shi)(shi)(shi)的正陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)、信陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的光山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)和平(ping)頂(ding)山(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的魯(lu)山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)。見(jian)病(bing)(bing)代(dai)表面積由2.5萬(wan)畝增加到5.16萬(wan)畝（不完全統計）。
其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)光山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、內(nei)鄉(xiang)、桐柏、宛城(cheng)區和魯(lu)(lu)山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)均是近期(qi)見病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。光山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)2月(yue)(yue)14日，在(zai)(zai)晏河鄉(xiang)河川村(cun)簡店(dian)村(cun)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)田(tian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)條銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)田(tian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)3個，面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)分別為(wei)3㎡、1.5㎡、1㎡，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)共計有(you)23片(pian)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)，嚴(yan)重度(du)為(wei)5%-20%，品(pin)種為(wei)鄭麥(mai)(mai)(mai)9023；桐柏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)2月(yue)(yue)15日,在(zai)(zai)埠江栗樓(lou)村(cun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊麥(mai)(mai)(mai)田(tian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現三個條銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)0.1-0.5㎡，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)數(shu)7-13片(pian)，嚴(yan)重度(du)10-80%，品(pin)種為(wei)洛麥(mai)(mai)(mai)24；內(nei)鄉(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)2月(yue)(yue)16日,在(zai)(zai)大橋(qiao)鄉(xiang)大橋(qiao)村(cun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊麥(mai)(mai)(mai)田(tian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現兩個條銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)1-1.2㎡，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)數(shu)11-18片(pian)，嚴(yan)重度(du)10-60%；宛城(cheng)區2月(yue)(yue)17日,在(zai)(zai)瓦店(dian)鎮界中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)村(cun)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)田(tian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現一(yi)(yi)(yi)個條銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)8㎡，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)數(shu)408片(pian)，嚴(yan)重度(du)10-40%；魯(lu)(lu)山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)2月(yue)(yue)16日，在(zai)(zai)張店(dian)鄉(xiang)白象店(dian)村(cun)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)田(tian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現疑似小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)條銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)，后經省、市專家鑒定，確(que)定為(wei)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)條銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)與葉(xie)(xie)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)混合發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)點一(yi)(yi)(yi)個，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)0.3㎡，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)內(nei)共有(you)13片(pian)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)，嚴(yan)重度(du)2%。小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)品(pin)種為(wei)豫麥(mai)(mai)(mai)49(溫(wen)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)6號)。另外，年前見病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的唐(tang)河、淅(xi)川、新野、正陽等(deng)4縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)范圍(wei)也在(zai)(zai)進一(yi)(yi)(yi)步有(you)所(suo)擴大。
從目(mu)前發病部位看，仍以下部葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)為主，少數中部葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)也(ye)見病，表明均(jun)是(shi)冬(dong)前侵染(ran)的菌源所致。由于豫南地區(qu)(qu)小麥生育期提前，有些品(pin)種(zhong)已提前進入拔節期，植株(zhu)較高，基(ji)本封(feng)壟(long)，給小麥條銹病調查(cha)工作造成很大(da)困難，部分麥區(qu)(qu)病情(qing)尚待進一步澄清。
二、防控工作開展情況
一是領(ling)(ling)導高(gao)(gao)度(du)重(zhong)視。2016年12月(yue)15日，省(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)(ting)魏蒙(meng)(meng)關副廳(ting)(ting)長聽取(qu)省(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保站(zhan)條(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)情況匯報(bao)后(hou)，要(yao)求：“省(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保站(zhan)要(yao)高(gao)(gao)度(du)重(zhong)視、立即(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)預(yu)案、抓緊撲滅病(bing)(bing)(bing)源、強(qiang)化防(fang)(fang)控認知”，并(bing)責成省(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保站(zhan)立即(ji)(ji)組織專家到發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)現場(chang)，督導小(xiao)麥(mai)條(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)普查與發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)中心撲滅工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。2017年元月(yue)5日，魏蒙(meng)(meng)關副廳(ting)(ting)長又(you)專門召集廳(ting)(ting)種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)處(chu)、植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保站(zhan)領(ling)(ling)導，聽取(qu)條(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)情況匯報(bao)，研究具(ju)體對(dui)(dui)策。元月(yue)6日，省(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)(ting)發(fa)出“關于加(jia)強(qiang)小(xiao)麥(mai)重(zhong)大(da)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害監測(ce)防(fang)(fang)控工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)通(tong)知”，對(dui)(dui)小(xiao)麥(mai)條(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)監測(ce)防(fang)(fang)控工(gong)(gong)(gong)作提(ti)出了(le)(le)具(ju)體措施(shi)和(he)明確要(yao)求，要(yao)求各地(di)高(gao)(gao)度(du)重(zhong)視，加(jia)強(qiang)領(ling)(ling)導，加(jia)大(da)投入，制定(ding)(ding)預(yu)案，提(ti)前預(yu)警，層層落實(shi)“政(zheng)府主導、屬地(di)管(guan)理”責任，強(qiang)化行(xing)政(zheng)推動(dong)，確保防(fang)(fang)控措施(shi)落實(shi)到位，堅決(jue)遏(e)制病(bing)(bing)(bing)害暴(bao)發(fa)流行(xing)。2月(yue)4日，在省(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)(ting)召開的(de)全省(sheng)春管(guan)春耕暨種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)結構調(diao)整工(gong)(gong)(gong)作視頻會上，黨組書(shu)記(ji)、廳(ting)(ting)長宋虎振就今(jin)年小(xiao)麥(mai)重(zhong)大(da)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)監測(ce)防(fang)(fang)控工(gong)(gong)(gong)作進行(xing)了(le)(le)重(zhong)點強(qiang)調(diao)和(he)再次安排部署。據了(le)(le)解，南陽(yang)(yang)、駐馬店、信(xin)陽(yang)(yang)等地(di)的(de)政(zheng)府和(he)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部門對(dui)(dui)小(xiao)麥(mai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)監測(ce)防(fang)(fang)控工(gong)(gong)(gong)作也(ye)比較重(zhong)視，已(yi)先(xian)后(hou)召開了(le)(le)有關會議，下發(fa)了(le)(le)文件(jian)通(tong)知，提(ti)前制定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作預(yu)案，采取(qu)了(le)(le)一系列行(xing)之(zhi)有效的(de)組織和(he)技術(shu)措施(shi)。
二(er)是監測預警到位。接到南(nan)(nan)陽(yang)市(shi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)情報告的次日（2016年12月(yue)15日）, 省(sheng)植(zhi)保站即(ji)發(fa)出(chu)“關于(yu)開展(zhan)小麥條(tiao)銹病(bing)(bing)(bing)普(pu)查和監測工作的緊急(ji)通知(zhi)”，要求(qiu)豫南(nan)(nan)各(ge)市(shi)縣(xian)立即(ji)組織(zhi)(zhi)測報人(ren)員進行(xing)條(tiao)銹病(bing)(bing)(bing)普(pu)查，澄(cheng)清情況，發(fa)現病(bing)(bing)(bing)點，隨即(ji)封鎖(suo)撲滅。發(fa)出(chu)5期(qi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)情通報，并(bing)于(yu)2月(yue)13日啟動了(le)小麥病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲發(fa)生(sheng)防治信息周報制度。各(ge)級植(zhi)保部門按照上述要求(qiu)，截(jie)止目(mu)前(qian)已組織(zhi)(zhi)開展(zhan)了(le)兩次大范(fan)圍普(pu)查活動，累計(ji)出(chu)動技術人(ren)員1000多人(ren)次，普(pu)查田塊(kuai)6000余塊(kuai)，基(ji)本澄(cheng)清了(le)病(bing)(bing)(bing)點分布。
三是及早做(zuo)好資金(jin)物(wu)資準(zhun)備。省(sheng)植保站于(yu)年(nian)前提(ti)前采購了150萬元的(de)高效殺(sha)菌劑，主要用于(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)條銹病(bing)發病(bing)中心的(de)封鎖撲(pu)滅，近(jin)期即(ji)發送(song)豫南各(ge)縣。南陽市財政(zheng)(zheng)年(nian)初即(ji)緊(jin)急下撥專項資金(jin)400萬元，全(quan)部(bu)用于(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)條銹病(bing)的(de)監測、防控(kong)和獎勵(li)。其他大部(bu)分市縣也(ye)向當地政(zheng)(zheng)府提(ti)出了資金(jin)需求計劃(hua)，正在(zai)爭取各(ge)級財政(zheng)(zheng)的(de)支持。
四是科學開展病蟲防控工作。對小麥條銹病，今年我省繼續重點抓好源頭治理，嚴格落實 “全面監測、帶藥偵查、發現一點、控制一片”的防治策略，對查到的發病中心，已及時進行了封鎖控制，并對周邊麥田進行進行了噴藥保護，面積20余萬畝次，大大減輕了冬季病害繁殖和擴展蔓延速度。
