當前(qian)，華(hua)南(nan)(nan)(nan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)早稻(dao)(dao)處(chu)于(yu)幼穗分化期(qi)，華(hua)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北部(bu)、江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)和長江(jiang)中(zhong)游早稻(dao)(dao)及(ji)西南(nan)(nan)(nan)單季稻(dao)(dao)處(chu)于(yu)分蘗期(qi)。受近期(qi)降(jiang)水(shui)偏(pian)少(shao)影響，“兩遷”害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)遷入量明(ming)顯偏(pian)少(shao)，稻(dao)(dao)紋枯病(bing)和稻(dao)(dao)瘟病(bing)病(bing)情(qing)輕于(yu)上(shang)年，經防治二化螟田(tian)間蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)口密度得到有效控(kong)制(zhi)。據統計，全(quan)國水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害累計發(fa)生面(mian)積5644萬畝次，同比減少(shao)24.2%。但下階段(duan)華(hua)南(nan)(nan)(nan)和江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)地區降(jiang)雨較前(qian)期(qi)有所增(zeng)強，溫(wen)濕條件(jian)利(li)于(yu)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)發(fa)生，各地需保持警惕，密切(qie)關注田(tian)間發(fa)生動(dong)態(tai)，及(ji)時發(fa)布病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)情(qing)報，適(shi)期(qi)指導(dao)農(nong)民開展防治。
一、 稻飛虱(shi)
稻(dao)(dao)(dao)飛虱(shi)在(zai)華南、西(xi)南和(he)江(jiang)南稻(dao)(dao)(dao)區(qu)累(lei)計發生面積999萬畝次，是前2周的2.3倍，但同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)減(jian)少(shao)52%。據全國水稻(dao)(dao)(dao)病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)監測區(qu)域(yu)站273個站點監測，5月中下旬稻(dao)(dao)(dao)飛虱(shi)主降西(xi)南南部和(he)華南西(xi)部稻(dao)(dao)(dao)區(qu)，波及(ji)江(jiang)南西(xi)南部稻(dao)(dao)(dao)區(qu)，廣西(xi)田林(lin)、龍勝、鳳山等地單(dan)日遷入蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)超萬頭；遷入蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)偏低，5月1-26日單(dan)燈單(dan)日平(ping)均(jun)誘蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)減(jian)少(shao)60%，比(bi)(bi)近(jin)5年(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)減(jian)少(shao)75%，其中褐飛虱(shi)比(bi)(bi)例(li)32%，比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)和(he)近(jin)五年(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)均(jun)增加(jia)26個百(bai)分(fen)點。田間(jian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)較(jiao)上年(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)偏少(shao)50%-80%，華南稻(dao)(dao)(dao)區(qu)百(bai)叢(cong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)一般200-800頭，廣西(xi)沿海及(ji)桂東南、粵西(xi)局部蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)較(jiao)高，達(da)2000-3500頭，海南三亞個別田塊已“冒穿”；西(xi)南、江(jiang)南稻(dao)(dao)(dao)區(qu)百(bai)叢(cong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)一般50-400頭，其中江(jiang)西(xi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)達(da)標時間(jian)較(jiao)常年(nian)偏遲10天左右。
二、 稻縱(zong)卷(juan)葉螟
稻(dao)(dao)縱卷葉螟在(zai)華南(nan)(nan)(nan)、西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)和(he)江南(nan)(nan)(nan)稻(dao)(dao)區(qu)累計發生面積524萬畝(mu)次，是(shi)前(qian)2周的2.6倍，但同(tong)比(bi)減少35.8%。5月中旬(xun)以來(lai)，西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)東(dong)部和(he)華南(nan)(nan)(nan)西(xi)部稻(dao)(dao)區(qu)監測(ce)到遷入(ru)峰，廣西(xi)防城區(qu)5月13-17日連(lian)續5天燈下(xia)蛾(e)(e)(e)量(liang)(liang)超(chao)100頭(tou)(tou)；據全國水稻(dao)(dao)病蟲(chong)監測(ce)區(qu)域站273個站點(dian)統(tong)計，5月1-27日燈下(xia)誘蛾(e)(e)(e)量(liang)(liang)同(tong)比(bi)減少33.5%。田間(jian)蟲(chong)量(liang)(liang)總體偏低，其(qi)中華南(nan)(nan)(nan)稻(dao)(dao)區(qu)畝(mu)蛾(e)(e)(e)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)般200-400頭(tou)(tou)，桂南(nan)(nan)(nan)、粵(yue)西(xi)局部早插田塊蛾(e)(e)(e)量(liang)(liang)較高，為(wei)2000-5000頭(tou)(tou)；畝(mu)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)般2000-5000頭(tou)(tou)，高的1-3萬頭(tou)(tou)；江南(nan)(nan)(nan)稻(dao)(dao)區(qu)畝(mu)蛾(e)(e)(e)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)般30-150頭(tou)(tou)，畝(mu)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)般50-500頭(tou)(tou)，其(qi)中湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)平均畝(mu)蛾(e)(e)(e)量(liang)(liang)、畝(mu)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)量(liang)(liang)同(tong)比(bi)分(fen)別減少66%、36%。田間(jian)卷葉為(wei)害(hai)輕，大部早稻(dao)(dao)卷葉率低于(yu)1%。
三、 二化螟
二化螟在華南、西(xi)南、江(jiang)(jiang)南和長江(jiang)(jiang)中游稻區(qu)(qu)累計發(fa)生面(mian)積(ji)3105萬(wan)畝次(ci)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比增加(jia)1.1%，是(shi)前2周的2.3倍(bei)(bei)。今年(nian)江(jiang)(jiang)南稻區(qu)(qu)二化螟冬后基數(shu)大、田(tian)間(jian)蛾量高(gao)，各地都高(gao)度(du)重(zhong)視，適時組織防控，有效壓低了(le)(le)田(tian)間(jian)基數(shu)，畝幼蟲(chong)量一(yi)般(ban)(ban)800-4000頭，其中湖(hu)南平均3576頭，比上(shang)(shang)周減少(shao)了(le)(le)14%。但(dan)田(tian)間(jian)基數(shu)仍高(gao)于上(shang)(shang)年(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期，湖(hu)南、福建分(fen)別是(shi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期的2.2倍(bei)(bei)、2.3倍(bei)(bei)，湖(hu)南邵(shao)(shao)陽(yang)、衡陽(yang)、邵(shao)(shao)東等局(ju)部地區(qu)(qu)蟲(chong)量超萬(wan)頭，安徽(hui)宿松最高(gao)達(da)65867頭。二化螟造成(cheng)的枯(ku)鞘株率一(yi)般(ban)(ban)2%-6%，湖(hu)南邵(shao)(shao)陽(yang)平均高(gao)達(da)9.6%；枯(ku)鞘叢率一(yi)般(ban)(ban)10%-45%，湖(hu)北咸(xian)寧(ning)對照(zhao)田(tian)不防區(qu)(qu)超90%，重(zhong)于上(shang)(shang)年(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期。
四、 紋枯病
紋(wen)枯病(bing)在華南(nan)、西南(nan)、江南(nan)和長江中游稻區累計發生面積734萬(wan)畝，是前2周的4.3倍，但同比減少35.7%。當(dang)前紋(wen)枯病(bing)在南(nan)方早稻區病(bing)叢率一(yi)般2%-8%，桂(gui)東南(nan)發生較重，病(bing)叢率10%-25%，局部田塊高(gao)達40%-60%。
五(wu)、 稻瘟(wen)病
稻(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)病(bing)在華南、西南、江南和(he)長江中游稻(dao)(dao)區累(lei)計發生面積210萬畝次，是前2周的4.5倍，但同比減少(shao)4.3%。當前早稻(dao)(dao)稻(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)病(bing)平均病(bing)葉率一般1%-3%，高(gao)的5%-10%，江西泰和(he)、峽江、豐城、高(gao)安(an)、婺源等地局部(bu)田塊出現葉瘟(wen)“坐蔸”。
六、未來趨勢及建議
據中國氣象臺預報，未來(lai)十天，華(hua)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、江南(nan)(nan)(nan)和(he)西南(nan)(nan)(nan)地(di)(di)區(qu)東部將有一次強降(jiang)雨(yu)過程(cheng)，部分地(di)(di)區(qu)有中到(dao)大雨(yu)；未來(lai)11-20天，華(hua)南(nan)(nan)(nan)和(he)江南(nan)(nan)(nan)地(di)(di)區(qu)降(jiang)雨(yu)較前期(qi)有所增強，有利(li)于(yu)“兩遷”害(hai)蟲的遷入和(he)繁(fan)殖(zhi)，同時(shi)不利(li)于(yu)水(shui)稻“兩遷”害(hai)蟲、螟(ming)蟲等水(shui)稻病蟲防控工(gong)作的開(kai)展。各地(di)(di)需(xu)加強監測，全面掌握病蟲發生(sheng)動態，及(ji)時(shi)準確發布病蟲情報，切實(shi)做好防控指導工(gong)作。
（病蟲害測報處）
