當前(qian)，麥(mai)田(tian)土壤墑情較好，全省(sheng)小麥(mai)陸續進入返(fan)青(qing)期(qi)。氣溫(wen)緩(huan)慢回升，病蟲逐漸活躍，危(wei)害有所上(shang)升。麥(mai)葉(xie)蜂集(ji)中羽化；小麥(mai)紋枯病、紅蜘蛛發生普遍，但總體發生程(cheng)度(du)(du)偏輕；部分冬前(qian)未化除地塊雜草發生重；莖基腐病點狀發生。各級植(zhi)保機構高度(du)(du)關注(zhu)病蟲發生動態(tai)，深入田(tian)間地頭廣泛開展監測調查，及時發布預(yu)警(jing)信息，科學指導(dao)防控(kong)工(gong)作。
病蟲發生動態
一、小麥(mai)病蟲害
紋(wen)枯病(bing)。全省普遍發(fa)生(sheng)，輕(qing)于(yu)(yu)去(qu)年(nian)同(tong)期。其中威(wei)海、菏澤、泰安發(fa)生(sheng)較重，病(bing)株(zhu)率(lv)(lv)分(fen)別為10.5%、10.2％和(he)8.8%;東(dong)營、聊城、濱州等地發(fa)生(sheng)較輕(qing)，平均病(bing)株(zhu)率(lv)(lv)分(fen)別為2.46%、3.52%、1.3%;德(de)州零星發(fa)生(sheng)，病(bing)株(zhu)率(lv)(lv)為0.1%;濟(ji)南總體發(fa)病(bing)程度輕(qing)于(yu)(yu)常年(nian)同(tong)期、略重于(yu)(yu)去(qu)年(nian)同(tong)期，其中商河縣病(bing)株(zhu)率(lv)(lv)最高，為50%。全省病(bing)株(zhu)率(lv)(lv)最高為90%，出現于(yu)(yu)岱岳(yue)區馬莊(zhuang)鎮。
莖基腐病(bing)。全(quan)省點狀(zhuang)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，主要在(zai)濟南、菏澤、泰安、濟寧、聊城等地零星發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。其中：濟南濟陽區(qu)(qu)個別地塊(kuai)病(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)為(wei)4.65%，商河縣(xian)發(fa)(fa)病(bing)地塊(kuai)病(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)為(wei)20.56%、最高病(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)為(wei)100%，出現在(zai)孫集(ji)鎮；菏澤一(yi)般病(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)為(wei)2%-5%，高的可(ke)達10%-15%；泰安僅在(zai)新泰市查(cha)到(dao)，平均病(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)為(wei)0.1%；濟寧在(zai)地勢低洼區(qu)(qu)麥(mai)田(tian)偶見(jian)癥狀(zhuang)；聊城平均病(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)為(wei)0.86%，東阿縣(xian)輕度發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，僅查(cha)到(dao)2株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)病(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。
紅(hong)蜘蛛(zhu)。全省普(pu)(pu)遍發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，程度(du)(du)中等偏(pian)輕。其中：濟南(nan)總體蟲口(kou)密(mi)度(du)(du)略高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)去年(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、接近常年(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，一(yi)般33cm單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)蟲章丘、萊(lai)蕪、平(ping)(ping)陰、濟陽、長清(qing)、歷城2-5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，商河5-10頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)150頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)；臨沂(yi)每(mei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)200-300頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)左右(you)，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)可達(da)(da)到800頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，已達(da)(da)到每(mei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)200頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的防(fang)治指標，應當開展防(fang)治；德州(zhou)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)較(jiao)往(wang)年(nian)偏(pian)早(zao)、點片發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，每(mei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)1-3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，夏津嚴(yan)重地(di)塊(kuai)達(da)(da)70頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)；濱州(zhou)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)每(mei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)9.5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，濱城區最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)每(mei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)25頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，個別嚴(yan)重點每(mei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)500多頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)；東營(ying)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)每(mei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)1.4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)每(mei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)25頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)；菏(he)澤蟲口(kou)密(mi)度(du)(du)偏(pian)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)常年(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)且(qie)地(di)塊(kuai)間差異大,未灌(guan)溉地(di)塊(kuai)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)每(mei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)23.6頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)150頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，澆(jiao)水地(di)塊(kuai)每(mei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)3-10頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)；濟寧平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)密(mi)度(du)(du)為(wei)3-4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/百株，最(zui)(zui)多23頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/百株；聊城普(pu)(pu)遍發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)且(qie)蟲口(kou)密(mi)度(du)(du)明(ming)顯高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)常年(nian)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)每(mei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)30.2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，其中高(gao)(gao)唐縣發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)比(bi)較(jiao)嚴(yan)重，每(mei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)蟲84.8頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)為(wei)1000頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)；泰安平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)每(mei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)8頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)每(mei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)168頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)；威(wei)海平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)每(mei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)蟲 6.4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，較(jiao)去年(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)多3.5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，較(jiao)常年(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)多0.2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)每(mei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)蟲 15頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)；煙(yan)臺麥蜘蛛(zhu)33cm單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)蟲5.4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，較(jiao)去年(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)增加80.86%，較(jiao)歷年(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)減少9.46%；淄博一(yi)般每(mei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)3-8頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，高(gao)(gao)的可達(da)(da)150頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。
麥蚜。處于初發(fa)生階段，若今(jin)后一段時間(jian)(jian)內(nei)降水少(shao)于去(qu)(qu)年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)、氣溫(wen)略偏高去(qu)(qu)年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)時，將有利于麥蚜的發(fa)生。東(dong)營調查地塊(kuai)平(ping)均(jun)0.6頭(tou)(tou)/百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)，最高5頭(tou)(tou)/百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)以(yi)上；菏(he)澤平(ping)均(jun)0.05頭(tou)(tou)/百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)，最多3頭(tou)(tou)/百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)，少(shao)于去(qu)(qu)年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)；臨(lin)沂平(ping)均(jun)10-20頭(tou)(tou)/百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)，最高50頭(tou)(tou)/百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)以(yi)上；威海(hai)平(ping)均(jun)1.1頭(tou)(tou)/百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)，最高3頭(tou)(tou)/百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)；煙臺1.53頭(tou)(tou)/百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)，較去(qu)(qu)年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)、歷(li)年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)減少(shao)50.28%、52.53%；泰安僅在肥城零星發(fa)現；濟寧田間(jian)(jian)未調查到(dao)麥蚜。
麥(mai)(mai)(mai)田雜草(cao)。全省普遍發生，主要以闊葉(xie)雜草(cao)播娘(niang)蒿、薺菜、豬(zhu)殃殃等和禾本(ben)科雜草(cao)野燕(yan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)、雀麥(mai)(mai)(mai)、看(kan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)娘(niang)等為主。春季氣溫(wen)回升較快(kuai)，有(you)(you)利于(yu)雜草(cao)出苗、生長，應抓住(zhu)當前(qian)有(you)(you)利時期(qi)(qi)，進行(xing)化(hua)學防除(chu)(chu)。煙臺(tai)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)約16株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡，最高(gao)80株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡；濱州平(ping)(ping)均(jun)12株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡，市站、濱城、鄒(zou)平(ping)(ping)、沾化(hua)、博興分(fen)別為11株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡、11.3株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡、12株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡、12.6株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡、5.8株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡；濟(ji)南總體發生密(mi)度略低(di)于(yu)去(qu)年同期(qi)(qi)、接近常年同期(qi)(qi)，其中歷城、長清、商河1.5-10株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡，商河、萊蕪、章(zhang)丘(qiu)、濟(ji)陽10-30株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡，最高(gao)200株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡，其中長清部分(fen)地(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)有(you)(you)豬(zhu)秧秧20株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡，野燕(yan)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)20株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡；聊城群體密(mi)度較常年偏低(di)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)11.5株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡，最高(gao)56株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡；臨沂一般(ban)地(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)12-88株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡,個別地(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)高(gao)達400-600株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡以上；泰(tai)(tai)安新泰(tai)(tai)進行(xing)冬前(qian)進行(xing)化(hua)學除(chu)(chu)草(cao)的(de)(de)地(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)6株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡，未進行(xing)化(hua)學除(chu)(chu)草(cao)的(de)(de)地(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)一般(ban)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)30株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡，岱岳區平(ping)(ping)均(jun)22株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡，最高(gao)點(dian)160株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡；煙臺(tai)冬前(qian)未進行(xing)化(hua)學除(chu)(chu)草(cao)的(de)(de)部分(fen)地(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)80多株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/㎡。
其他病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害。麥葉蜂，當前(qian)集中(zhong)羽化，濰(wei)坊個(ge)別(bie)地(di)塊蟲量大。小麥根(gen)腐病(bing)(bing)(bing)，濱州病(bing)(bing)(bing)株率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)0.01％；濟陽零(ling)星發生，個(ge)別(bie)地(di)塊病(bing)(bing)(bing)株率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)0.2%；聊(liao)城病(bing)(bing)(bing)田率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)18%，平(ping)均病(bing)(bing)(bing)株率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)0.54%，最(zui)高2%；泰安岱岳區平(ping)均病(bing)(bing)(bing)株率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)5%，高點病(bing)(bing)(bing)株率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為40%。黃(huang)花葉病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)病(bing)(bing)(bing)，泰安岱岳區平(ping)均病(bing)(bing)(bing)田率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)11.3%，平(ping)均病(bing)(bing)(bing)株率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)5.7%，最(zui)高點病(bing)(bing)(bing)株率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)90%。
二(er)、保護地蔬菜病蟲
近期天氣多變，棚內晝夜溫度變化大，蔬菜根系生(sheng)長(chang)、養分(fen)吸收、花(hua)芽分(fen)化易受到影響，應(ying)注意加強管理(li)，控制溫差，合理(li)供應(ying)肥水，及時通(tong)風透光(guang)。其(qi)他病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲情況：章丘，番(fan)茄灰(hui)霉(mei)(mei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)果率(lv)(lv)(lv)1%；黃(huang)瓜白粉病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株率(lv)(lv)(lv)30%，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)率(lv)(lv)(lv)20%；辣椒單(dan)花(hua)有薊(ji)馬(ma)1頭(tou)；茄子灰(hui)霉(mei)(mei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)果率(lv)(lv)(lv)5%。新泰，西葫蘆、番(fan)茄 、黃(huang)瓜等灰(hui)霉(mei)(mei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株率(lv)(lv)(lv)20%，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)率(lv)(lv)(lv)6%，輕于去年同期。淄博，斑潛蠅蟲株率(lv)(lv)(lv)20%，單(dan)葉(xie)蟲道2條(tiao)；蔬菜灰(hui)霉(mei)(mei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株率(lv)(lv)(lv)5%，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)率(lv)(lv)(lv)3%；黃(huang)瓜霜霉(mei)(mei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株率(lv)(lv)(lv)5%，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)率(lv)(lv)(lv)5%；黃(huang)瓜角斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株率(lv)(lv)(lv)3%，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)率(lv)(lv)(lv)3%；番(fan)茄晚疫病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株率(lv)(lv)(lv)1%，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)率(lv)(lv)(lv)1%。
三、果樹病蟲
春季隨著氣溫逐漸升(sheng)高，蚜蟲(chong)(chong)、金龜子、紅蜘蛛等害蟲(chong)(chong)的蟲(chong)(chong)卵相繼孵化、出土(tu)，腐爛(lan)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、炭疽病(bing)(bing)(bing)、早期落葉(xie)病(bing)(bing)(bing)等病(bing)(bing)(bing)害會(hui)加(jia)重(zhong)危害樹(shu)體，因此(ci)應(ying)抓住春季這個(ge)防治果(guo)樹(shu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害的關鍵時期，做好清園(yuan)(yuan)等工作(zuo)，降低病(bing)(bing)(bing)原、蟲(chong)(chong)源基數(shu)。主要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)情況：新泰(tai)，蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)腐爛(lan)病(bing)(bing)(bing)主要(yao)(yao)在(zai)20年(nian)(nian)以(yi)上的果(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)生(sheng)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)田率20%，病(bing)(bing)(bing)株率6%；10至20年(nian)(nian)果(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)株率3%；10年(nian)(nian)以(yi)下的果(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)很輕。蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)紫紋(wen)羽(yu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)個(ge)別果(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)有發(fa)生(sheng)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)株率不(bu)到1%。蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)輪(lun)(lun)紋(wen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)田率30%，枝(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)上病(bing)(bing)(bing)瘤80個(ge)左右/㎡，高的多達200個(ge)。山(shan)楂葉(xie)螨3-5頭/c㎡，接近去年(nian)(nian)。淄博，蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)輪(lun)(lun)紋(wen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)瘤0.2個(ge)/㎡。
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