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　　第一(yi)，高毒(du)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的替代品種篩選問題。我國是一(yi)個生物(wu)災害(hai)(hai)發生頻繁的國家，受(shou)氣候的影響(xiang)，每年都有一(yi)些(xie)重大病蟲(chong)發生嚴重危害(hai)(hai)，需要(yao)及時(shi)防治。長期以來，甲(jia)胺磷(lin)等(deng)5種高毒(du)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)是防治水稻(dao)等(deng)重要(yao)作(zuo)物(wu)上重要(yao)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)的主要(yao)品種，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)量(liang)占農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)總量(liang)的1／4，又因長期使(shi)(shi)用(yong)而為(wei)廣(guang)大農(nong)(nong)(nong)民熟悉和掌握(wo)。要(yao)如期停(ting)止使(shi)(shi)用(yong)它們，因此，找出(chu)高效(xiao)低毒(du)的替代農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)是安全用(yong)工的首要(yao)任務(wu)，才能確保在(zai)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)發生時(shi)能得到有效(xiao)的控制(zhi)，保障(zhang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產的順利進行，使(shi)(shi)防治成本和生態效(xiao)益最佳，否則(ze)，將給農(nong)(nong)(nong)業豐(feng)收造成重要(yao)影響(xiang)。

　　第二，控制替(ti)(ti)(ti)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥使(shi)成本增加、更換施藥機械(xie)，改變農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)傳統(tong)認識。目(mu)(mu)前，由于化肥等主要農(nong)(nong)(nong)資大幅上漲(zhang)，如(ru)新的替(ti)(ti)(ti)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥價(jia)(jia)格(ge)大幅上漲(zhang)，必將影響農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)熱(re)情，阻礙高(gao)毒(du)(du)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥替(ti)(ti)(ti)代工作的推(tui)進。目(mu)(mu)前，正在尋找和(he)新開(kai)發(fa)的高(gao)效低毒(du)(du)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥價(jia)(jia)格(ge)均(jun)高(gao)于原(yuan)有的低價(jia)(jia)高(gao)毒(du)(du)高(gao)效農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥，因此(ci)如(ru)何控制替(ti)(ti)(ti)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥價(jia)(jia)格(ge)需要從(cong)技術、政(zheng)策等多方面進行突(tu)破。

　　第三、加強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)生產和(he)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)(shou)的(de)市場監(jian)管。目前，農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)(shou)不規范，缺乏統一(yi)(yi)的(de)管理，給非法農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)(shou)開了(le)(le)方便之門(men)。一(yi)(yi)些(xie)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)生產企業為了(le)(le)追求商業利潤，片面(mian)(mian)迎合(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)傳統認識心理，一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)違規生產銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)(shou)高毒(du)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)，一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)進(jin)行欺(qi)騙(pian)宣傳，故意夸大(da)藥(yao)(yao)效，以期占有(you)市場。甚(shen)至一(yi)(yi)些(xie)不法分子制造(zao)假冒偽劣農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)，既擾亂了(le)(le)市場，又欺(qi)騙(pian)了(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)藥(yao)(yao)害不僅造(zao)成嚴重(zhong)的(de)經濟損失，影(ying)響農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)收入，也給社會帶來了(le)(le)不穩定因素，并(bing)嚴重(zhong)制約著農(nong)(nong)(nong)業結構調整(zheng)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業可持續發展。

　　同時，由于目前(qian)(qian)農(nong)技(ji)推廣隊伍名存實亡，農(nong)民缺(que)乏技(ji)術(shu)指導，存在著濫(lan)用(yong)藥的現象。目前(qian)(qian)，我國農(nong)民農(nong)藥用(yong)量(liang)(liang)普(pu)遍偏多(duo)，棉田(tian)用(yong)藥量(liang)(liang)最多(duo)，其次(ci)是(shi)水稻田(tian)用(yong)藥量(liang)(liang)大，特別是(shi)南方如蘇(su)南，杭嘉湖地區等，水稻病(bing)發生重，用(yong)藥多(duo)。我國殺蟲劑用(yong)量(liang)(liang)大，防治害(hai)蟲較(jiao)多(duo)使(shi)用(yong)有(you)機磷(lin)甚(shen)至高毒有(you)機磷(lin)農(nong)藥及(ji)除草劑超量(liang)(liang)使(shi)用(yong)。因此，加強(qiang)農(nong)藥生產和(he)市場監管是(shi)高毒農(nong)藥替代工作的一大關鍵。