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　　主要依據為，一是(shi)有(you)(you)些病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)源(yuan)基(ji)(ji)數較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)。去(qu)年(nian)9月份至今(jin)年(nian)2月份，降(jiang)雨顯(xian)著偏(pian)少(shao)，氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)持(chi)續偏(pian)高，干旱少(shao)雨。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氣(qi)象(xiang)條(tiao)(tiao)件，總(zong)的(de)(de)來說，對多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不利(li)，特(te)(te)別是(shi)喜濕性的(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)，而對害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為有(you)(you)利(li)，特(te)(te)別是(shi)對小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)、麥(mai)(mai)(mai)蜘蛛、地(di)(di)下害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)等發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)極(ji)(ji)為有(you)(you)利(li)，冬前(qian)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)田麥(mai)(mai)(mai)蚜(ya)密度極(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)，為歷史罕見，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)下害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)危(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)，特(te)(te)別是(shi)未藥劑種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)處理(li)的(de)(de)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)田。這(zhe)為今(jin)年(nian)春季(ji)這(zhe)些害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)提(ti)供了較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)蟲(chong)源(yuan)。秋苗期氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)持(chi)續偏(pian)高，有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)白粉病(bing)(bing)(bing)、紋枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)等根(gen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)條(tiao)(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)秋季(ji)繁殖，也有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)田雜草冬前(qian)出土生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長，特(te)(te)別是(shi)水澆麥(mai)(mai)(mai)田。值得(de)注意(yi)的(de)(de)是(shi)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)條(tiao)(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)外(wai)(wai)地(di)(di)菌(jun)源(yuan)充足和(he)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)吸漿蟲(chong)蟲(chong)源(yuan)基(ji)(ji)數較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)。由于(yu)去(qu)年(nian)秋播以(yi)來，全(quan)國氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)普遍偏(pian)高，導致小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)條(tiao)(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)早(zao)(zao)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)情重(zhong)，蔓延快。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，云南、貴州、四(si)川和(he)重(zhong)慶等西南地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)已經大(da)(da)流行,特(te)(te)別是(shi)距我省最近(jin)的(de)(de)湖北、河(he)南，截止1月上(shang)旬有(you)(you)20多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)縣（區(qu)(qu)）秋苗發(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)早(zao)(zao)、分布之(zhi)廣，屬(shu)歷史罕見，可為我省提(ti)供大(da)(da)量菌(jun)源(yuan)。小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)吸漿蟲(chong)去(qu)年(nian)我省發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積增(zeng)加，蟲(chong)口密度上(shang)升，危(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)加重(zhong)，因而蟲(chong)源(yuan)基(ji)(ji)數較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)。二(er)是(shi)當(dang)前(qian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對赤霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、穎枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、條(tiao)(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)等多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)抗性較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)差，特(te)(te)別是(shi)對條(tiao)(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)優(you)勢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)小(xiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)抗性差，PH系列品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)及濟(ji)南17、19、20、21等品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)蚜(ya)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)。三是(shi)春季(ji)氣(qi)象(xiang)條(tiao)(tiao)件對病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為有(you)(you)利(li)。暖(nuan)秋暖(nuan)冬可導致多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)早(zao)(zao)。據省氣(qi)象(xiang)臺(tai)預(yu)報(bao)，春季(ji)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)全(quan)省大(da)(da)部地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)接近(jin)常年(nian)或(huo)略(lve)偏(pian)高，降(jiang)水量除半島地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)接近(jin)常年(nian)或(huo)略(lve)偏(pian)少(shao)外(wai)(wai)，其(qi)(qi)他地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)接近(jin)常年(nian)或(huo)略(lve)偏(pian)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)。四(si)是(shi)秋播期藥劑處理(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)面(mian)積大(da)(da)，全(quan)省達3000余萬(wan)畝，對多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有(you)(you)很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)抑制(zhi)作用(yong)，特(te)(te)別是(shi)對地(di)(di)下害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)和(he)根(gen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)，不僅控制(zhi)秋苗期病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)危(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)，而且可顯(xian)著壓低多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)源(yuan)基(ji)(ji)數，減輕小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育期病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。

　　今年要(yao)以麥(mai)蚜(ya)、銹病(bing)(bing)、吸漿蟲、白粉病(bing)(bing)為防治(zhi)重點，兼治(zhi)多種(zhong)病(bing)(bing)蟲，要(yao)注意麥(mai)蚜(ya)苗期(qi)防治(zhi)，抓好(hao)返(fan)青拔節期(qi)和(he)穗期(qi)綜合治(zhi)理，確保小麥(mai)豐收。

　　一、加強病蟲草發生動態監測，及時組織防治

　　各市縣要(yao)(yao)采取系統調查(cha)(cha)與(yu)大田普(pu)查(cha)(cha)相結合的(de)方(fang)式，準確掌(zhang)握病(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)發生動態。從小麥(mai)返青起，各市縣要(yao)(yao)固定(ding)專人(ren)進行病(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)調查(cha)(cha)和信(xin)息交流，特別搞好條(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)等暴發性流行性病(bing)害(hai)的(de)監測工作，及時(shi)發布信(xin)息。鄉鎮、村測報點要(yao)(yao)搞好“二查(cha)(cha)三定(ding)”。充分利用(yong)電(dian)視、廣(guang)播、電(dian)報、電(dian)話、互聯網(wang)等形式擴大和加快病(bing)蟲(chong)信(xin)息的(de)傳(chuan)遞和宣傳(chuan)，抓住防治適期，及時(shi)組(zu)織(zhi)防治。發現(xian)條(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)，要(yao)(yao)迅速上報，并及時(shi)消滅(mie)發病(bing)中心。要(yao)(yao)認真組(zu)織(zhi)好吸漿蟲(chong)的(de)普(pu)查(cha)(cha)工作，為適時(shi)防治提供依據。

　　二、大力推廣綜合防治技術，全面有效地控制病蟲草危害

　　 1、加強健身栽培預防病蟲草害 要把栽(zai)(zai)培措(cuo)施與控(kong)制病(bing)蟲草害(hai)有(you)機地(di)結(jie)合起來，大力推(tui)行(xing)適(shi)期劃鋤(chu)、追肥和澆水(shui)等豐產健身栽(zai)(zai)培技(ji)術(shu)，提(ti)高(gao)作物對多種病(bing)害(hai)的(de)抗(kang)(kang)御能力，澆水(shui)振落可(ke)顯著減輕麥蜘蛛的(de)危(wei)害(hai)，適(shi)期劃鋤(chu)可(ke)鏟除(chu)雜草,提(ti)高(gao)小麥抗(kang)(kang)病(bing)性。

　　 2、大力推行化學除草 要抓住春(chun)季防治適期，及時開(kai)展化學(xue)(xue)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)。對以闊(kuo)葉(xie)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)為主(zhu)的麥(mai)田(tian)(tian)可采用(yong)20%使它隆乳(ru)(ru)油(you)每(mei)(mei)畝50～60毫升；對禾本科雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)重(zhong)的可用(yong)6.9%驃馬(ma)每(mei)(mei)畝60～70毫升或3%世瑪乳(ru)(ru)油(you)每(mei)(mei)畝25～30毫升，莖葉(xie)噴(pen)霧防治；闊(kuo)葉(xie)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)和禾本科雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)發生(sheng)的可用(yong)以上(shang)藥(yao)劑混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)使用(yong)。近年來，化學(xue)(xue)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)導致(zhi)后(hou)(hou)茬(cha)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)藥(yao)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的事故屢有(you)發生(sheng)，長(chang)殘(can)效除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)劑氯磺(huang)隆、甲磺(huang)隆在麥(mai)田(tian)(tian)使用(yong)后(hou)(hou)易(yi)對后(hou)(hou)茬(cha)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)產生(sheng)藥(yao)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，應(ying)禁止使用(yong)；2.4-D丁酯對棉花(hua)等雙(shuang)子葉(xie)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)易(yi)產生(sheng)藥(yao)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，甚(shen)至用(yong)過此(ci)藥(yao)后(hou)(hou)具有(you)殘(can)留的藥(yao)械再噴(pen)棉花(hua)等作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)也(ye)有(you)藥(yao)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)發生(sheng)，特別是小麥(mai)與棉花(hua)和小麥(mai)與花(hua)生(sheng)間作(zuo)套種田(tian)(tian)易(yi)發生(sheng)藥(yao)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，在棉區(qu)和花(hua)生(sheng)區(qu)麥(mai)田(tian)(tian)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)盡量不用(yong)2.4-D丁酯。

　　 3、大力推廣混合施藥兼治多種病蟲技術 小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)返青拔(ba)節(jie)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)多種(zhong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)混(hun)(hun)合(he)集中(zhong)發生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)兩個(ge)(ge)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。返青拔(ba)節(jie)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)紋枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)、全蝕病(bing)(bing)(bing)、根腐(fu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)根病(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)叢矮(ai)(ai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、黃矮(ai)(ai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)又一(yi)(yi)次(ci)侵(qin)染(ran)擴展高峰，也是(shi)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)蜘(zhi)(zhi)蛛(zhu)、地下(xia)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)草(cao)害(hai)的(de)危害(hai)盛期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)；穗(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)則是(shi)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)蚜(ya)、吸漿蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、白粉病(bing)(bing)(bing)、銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)、赤霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)穎枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)集中(zhong)發生(sheng)(sheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。因此，以(yi)主要(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)為目(mu)標，采(cai)取殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑與殺(sha)菌(jun)劑混(hun)(hun)合(he)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)施(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)兼治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多種(zhong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，省(sheng)工省(sheng)時，效(xiao)果好。可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)根據(ju)當地病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)發生(sheng)(sheng)情況，選(xuan)用(yong)對(dui)路藥(yao)(yao)劑混(hun)(hun)合(he)使用(yong)進行防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。返青拔(ba)節(jie)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)紋枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)5%井(jing)岡霉素(su)每(mei)畝(mu)150～200毫升(sheng)兌水75～100公斤(jin)噴(pen)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)莖(jing)基(ji)部防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，間(jian)隔10～15天再噴(pen)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)；防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地下(xia)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)40%甲(jia)基(ji)異(yi)柳(liu)磷(lin)或50%辛(xin)硫磷(lin)每(mei)畝(mu)40～50毫升(sheng)噴(pen)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)莖(jing)基(ji)部；防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)蜘(zhi)(zhi)蛛(zhu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)0.9%的(de)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)螨(man)克3000倍(bei)液噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)上(shang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)混(hun)(hun)合(he)發生(sheng)(sheng)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)采(cai)用(yong)對(dui)路藥(yao)(yao)劑一(yi)(yi)次(ci)混(hun)(hun)合(he)施(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。穗(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)蚜(ya)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)50%辟(pi)蚜(ya)霧(wu)每(mei)畝(mu)8～10克或10%吡(bi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉藥(yao)(yao)劑10～15克噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)白粉病(bing)(bing)(bing)、銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)20%粉銹(xiu)寧乳(ru)油每(mei)畝(mu)50～75毫升(sheng)噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赤霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)穎枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)50%多菌(jun)靈可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)濕性粉劑每(mei)畝(mu)75～100克噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如(ru)兼治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)代(dai)棉鈴蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)畝(mu)加入200～250毫升(sheng)Bt乳(ru)劑或50克Bt可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)濕性粉劑。混(hun)(hun)合(he)施(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)技術應根據(ju)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)象和(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指標科學運用(yong)，單種(zhong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)發生(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong)而其它發生(sheng)(sheng)輕時應進行單施(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)免造(zao)成浪費和(he)農藥(yao)(yao)污染(ran)。穗(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)如(ru)遇(yu)連陰天氣，在(zai)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)揚花后要(yao)噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)赤霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)穎枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)。小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)吸漿蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)要(yao)抓住兩個(ge)(ge)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有利時機(ji)，一(yi)(yi)是(shi)在(zai)4月(yue)中(zhong)下(xia)旬的(de)蛹期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)有效(xiao)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)畝(mu)用(yong)40%甲(jia)基(ji)異(yi)柳(liu)磷(lin)150～200毫升(sheng)兌細(xi)砂(sha)或細(xi)沙土30～40公斤(jin)撒(sa)施(shi)(shi)地面并(bing)劃鋤，施(shi)(shi)后澆水防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)果更佳(jia)；二是(shi)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)至揚花初期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)發生(sheng)(sheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)2000倍(bei)的(de)菊酯類藥(yao)(yao)劑噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

　　 4、注意保護利用天敵控制麥蚜 麥田(tian)(tian)(tian)是(shi)多種(zhong)(zhong)天敵(di)的(de)越冬場所和早春繁(fan)(fan)殖基地，保(bao)(bao)護好麥田(tian)(tian)(tian)天敵(di)不僅(jin)有利(li)(li)于(yu)控制小麥害蟲(chong)，而(er)且也是(shi)后茬作(zuo)物害蟲(chong)天敵(di)的(de)主要來源(yuan)，應(ying)注(zhu)意保(bao)(bao)護利(li)(li)用(yong)。一是(shi)當田(tian)(tian)(tian)間(jian)益害比達1：80～100或蚜(ya)繭蜂寄生(sheng)率達30%以上(shang)時，可不施藥(yao)利(li)(li)用(yong)天敵(di)控制蚜(ya)害，若益害比失調，也應(ying)選用(yong)對(dui)天敵(di)殺害作(zuo)用(yong)小的(de)藥(yao)劑(ji)防治麥蚜(ya)，如辟蚜(ya)霧、吡蟲(chong)啉等(deng)滅害保(bao)(bao)益的(de)藥(yao)劑(ji)。二(er)是(shi)提(ti)高天敵(di)發生(sheng)的(de)景(jing)觀連接度，如在麥田(tian)(tian)(tian)畦(qi)埂上(shang)點播春玉米和麥田(tian)(tian)(tian)套種(zhong)(zhong)棉(mian)花、花生(sheng)等(deng)，為天敵(di)由一種(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)境(jing)向另一種(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)境(jing)轉移和繁(fan)(fan)殖提(ti)供廊道(dao)，特別是(shi)天敵(di)量大的(de)麥油套田(tian)(tian)(tian)生(sheng)態效益更顯著。

　　三、加強領導，組織落實好防治措施

　　小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)發生種(zhong)類多(duo)，面積廣，繁(fan)殖快，發生規律(lv)和防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法各異，防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)時(shi)間性(xing)和技(ji)(ji)(ji)術性(xing)強，防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)難度大(da)(da)。因(yin)此，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)(jia)強對小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)領導(dao)，各級農業(ye)部門要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)主動(dong)當(dang)好領導(dao)參(can)謀，積極爭(zheng)取(qu)有關(guan)部門配合(he)(he)，協同作(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)，做好病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。一要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)明(ming)確責任(ren)，加(jia)(jia)強防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)領導(dao)。重(zhong)大(da)(da)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)成立應急控(kong)制指(zhi)揮機構，統一協調(diao)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。市、縣(xian)、鄉層(ceng)層(ceng)簽訂責任(ren)狀(zhuang)，分解(jie)任(ren)務，落實(shi)責任(ren)，確保防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效果。抓好小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)重(zhong)大(da)(da)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)綜合(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)范工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。各市都要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建立示(shi)范區，通過(guo)示(shi)范展(zhan)示(shi)植保技(ji)(ji)(ji)術新成果，推廣高效、安全的(de)綠色控(kong)害技(ji)(ji)(ji)術。二要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做好各項防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)準(zhun)備(bei)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。條銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)和吸(xi)漿(jiang)蟲(chong)等要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)積極爭(zheng)取(qu)財政支持(chi)，及早(zao)落實(shi)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資金(jin)、農藥、藥械、技(ji)(ji)(ji)術等措(cuo)施。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)積極組(zu)建專業(ye)化機防(fang)(fang)隊，實(shi)行大(da)(da)面積統防(fang)(fang)統治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，確保防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)速度和質量。三(san)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做好技(ji)(ji)(ji)術指(zhi)導(dao)和宣傳發動(dong)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)利用報刊(kan)、廣播、電視等多(duo)種(zhong)媒傳工(gong)具傳遞病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)發生信息(xi)，搞好小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)害綜合(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術知識(shi)的(de)宣傳；要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)采取(qu)田間與室內相結(jie)合(he)(he)的(de)方(fang)法辦(ban)好技(ji)(ji)(ji)術培訓班，把(ba)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術傳授給(gei)基層(ceng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術人員和廣大(da)(da)農民，確保小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)高產優質。

來源(yuan)：山東(dong)省(sheng)植物保護(hu)總站