據各(ge)測報(bao)站監測,從(cong)3月中旬農(nong)(nong)田(tian)蝗(huang)蟲出(chu)土以來,各(ge)蝗(huang)區(qu)土蝗(huang)和亞洲(zhou)飛蝗(huang)陸續進入了蝗(huang)蝻(nan)發(fa)生為害(hai)期。截止(zhi)目前,據各(ge)主要蝗(huang)區(qu)統計,農(nong)(nong)區(qu)蝗(huang)蟲發(fa)生面積(ji)334.5萬畝,土蝗(huang)較亞洲(zhou)飛蝗(huang)發(fa)生偏(pian)早、偏(pian)重,在伊犁(li)州察布查爾縣出(chu)現1707頭/M2的高密度點片(pian)。
一、出土情況
3月(yue)份(fen)中旬(xun)起至4月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun),全疆(jiang)各地氣溫升幅(fu)較大,各地旬(xun)均溫較同期(qi)均溫偏高,氣候條件給蝗(huang)(huang)蝻的出(chu)(chu)土(tu)發(fa)育提(ti)供了(le)有(you)利條件,亞洲飛蝗(huang)(huang)3月(yue)25日(ri)在伊犁州尼(ni)(ni)勒克縣出(chu)(chu)土(tu)以(yi)來(lai),截至到5月(yue)11日(ri)在博(bo)州精河(he)縣和博(bo)樂(le)市出(chu)(chu)土(tu),各地普遍較去(qu)(qu)年(nian)早(zao)5-7天(tian);土(tu)蝗(huang)(huang)出(chu)(chu)土(tu)始(shi)期(qi)除尼(ni)(ni)勒克縣、拜城縣在3月(yue)中旬(xun)以(yi)外,大部分蝗(huang)(huang)區集中在4月(yue)中下(xia)旬(xun)出(chu)(chu)土(tu),較去(qu)(qu)年(nian)早(zao)3-15天(tian)。
二、當前發生情況
據各測(ce)報站5月31日-6月5日調查(cha),目前農(nong)區蝗(huang)蟲發生面積(ji)達(da)334.5萬畝(mu),其中亞洲飛蝗(huang)發生面積(ji)71.3萬畝(mu),土蝗(huang)發生面積(ji)263.2萬畝(mu)。
(一)亞洲飛蝗
亞洲飛蝗(huang)(huang)在農田發生面積8.7萬(wan)畝,在農牧交錯地(di)帶發生面積62.6萬(wan)畝,各主(zhu)要蝗(huang)(huang)區發生情況如下:
阿勒泰地(di)區(qu)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)3.5萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)0.2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)0.4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ;農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)交(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)地(di)帶(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)6萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)0.3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)0.8頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,蝗(huang)(huang)蝻(nan)(nan)(nan)1齡(ling)、2齡(ling)、3齡(ling)分別占46%、38%、16%。博州農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)交(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)地(di)帶(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)40萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)較低,蝗(huang)(huang)蝻(nan)(nan)(nan)以1、2齡(ling)為主。伊犁(li)州農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)0.7萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)3.6頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)7頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ;農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)交(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)地(di)帶(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)8.4萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)4.3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)300頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,蝗(huang)(huang)蝻(nan)(nan)(nan)以3齡(ling)為主。哈(ha)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)地(di)區(qu)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)3.5萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)0.5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)1頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ;農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)交(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)地(di)帶(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)5萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)0.8頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,出(chu)現成蟲。巴州農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)0.3萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)0.3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ;農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)交(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)地(di)帶(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)2萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)0.8頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,蝗(huang)(huang)蝻(nan)(nan)(nan)以2齡(ling)為主。克州農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)0.7萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)0.2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)0.5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ;農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)交(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)地(di)帶(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)1.2萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)0.4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)0.7頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2。
(二)土蝗
土蝗在(zai)農田發生(sheng)(sheng)面積43.2萬畝,在(zai)農牧交錯地(di)發生(sheng)(sheng)面積220萬畝,各(ge)主要蝗區(qu)發生(sheng)(sheng)情況如下:
阿勒泰地(di)(di)區農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)發(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)20萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ;農(nong)(nong)牧交錯(cuo)地(di)(di)帶(dai)發(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)8.8萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)16頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,蝗(huang)蝻(nan)以2齡(ling)(ling)為主(zhu)(zhu)。塔(ta)城地(di)(di)區農(nong)(nong)牧交錯(cuo)地(di)(di)帶(dai)發(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)50萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)11頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,蝗(huang)蝻(nan)多(duo)為1-3齡(ling)(ling),約占65%左右。博州農(nong)(nong)牧交錯(cuo)地(di)(di)帶(dai)發(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)30萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)9.7頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)26.1頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,蝗(huang)蝻(nan)和(he)(he)成(cheng)蟲混合(he)發(fa)生(sheng)。伊犁州農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)發(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)2.18萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),出(chu)現高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)點片,最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1707頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ;農(nong)(nong)牧交錯(cuo)地(di)(di)帶(dai)發(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)30.01萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),出(chu)現高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)點片,最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)500頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,蝗(huang)蝻(nan)以3齡(ling)(ling)為主(zhu)(zhu),出(chu)現成(cheng)蟲。昌吉州農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)發(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)10萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.27頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)2.1頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ;農(nong)(nong)牧交錯(cuo)地(di)(di)帶(dai)發(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)80萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3.14頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)12頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,蝗(huang)蝻(nan)和(he)(he)成(cheng)蟲混合(he)發(fa)生(sheng),蝗(huang)蝻(nan)以4齡(ling)(ling)為主(zhu)(zhu),比例占到38.8%。哈密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)地(di)(di)區農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)發(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)10萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1.5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/ M2,最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/ M2 ;農(nong)(nong)牧交錯(cuo)地(di)(di)帶(dai)發(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)20萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/ M2,最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)6頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/ M2 ,成(cheng)蟲比率占到13.3%。克州農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)發(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)1.02萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1.5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/ M2,最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2;農(nong)(nong)牧交錯(cuo)地(di)(di)帶(dai)發(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)1.2萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/ M2,最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)6頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/ M2,蝗(huang)蝻(nan)和(he)(he)成(cheng)蟲混合(he)發(fa)生(sheng)。
三、趨勢分析
進入5月(yue)(yue)份以來,冷空氣(qi)(qi)活動明顯(xian)多(duo)(duo)于4月(yue)(yue),尤其是(shi)北(bei)疆(jiang)(jiang)降(jiang)(jiang)水天(tian)氣(qi)(qi)頻(pin)繁,塔城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區、博(bo)州(zhou)局部降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)日數達到12天(tian)以上,低溫(wen)寡(gua)照多(duo)(duo)雨(yu)使蝗(huang)(huang)蝻發育歷(li)期(qi)(qi)偏(pian)長(chang)(chang)。據新疆(jiang)(jiang)氣(qi)(qi)象部門分(fen)(fen)析,全疆(jiang)(jiang)6月(yue)(yue)份大部分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區偏(pian)高,降(jiang)(jiang)水量北(bei)疆(jiang)(jiang)大部分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區偏(pian)少(shao),南疆(jiang)(jiang)除(chu)西部偏(pian)多(duo)(duo)外,其它大部分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區偏(pian)少(shao)。隨著目前(qian)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)不斷回升,各蝗(huang)(huang)區蝗(huang)(huang)蟲進一步的生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發育,蟲口密度(du)不斷增(zeng)加(jia)。預(yu)計亞洲(zhou)飛蝗(huang)(huang)將(jiang)中(zhong)度(du)發生(sheng),北(bei)疆(jiang)(jiang)阿(a)勒泰(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區、塔城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區、博(bo)州(zhou)、昌吉州(zhou)等地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)在6月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)下旬進入蝗(huang)(huang)蝻為害高峰期(qi)(qi),東疆(jiang)(jiang)、南疆(jiang)(jiang)及北(bei)疆(jiang)(jiang)的伊犁局部在6月(yue)(yue)下旬將(jiang)出現亞洲(zhou)飛蝗(huang)(huang)的成蟲;預(yu)計土蝗(huang)(huang)將(jiang)中(zhong)度(du)偏(pian)重發生(sheng),各蝗(huang)(huang)區在6月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)下旬將(jiang)陸續進入成蟲為害高峰期(qi)(qi),塔城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、博(bo)州(zhou)、阿(a)勒泰(tai)、伊犁州(zhou)、昌吉州(zhou)、阿(a)克蘇等地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)局部將(jiang)發生(sheng)高密度(du)點片。
來源:新疆植保站 |