近期(qi)，隨著(zhu)氣溫(wen)的(de)逐漸回升，加(jia)上4月上旬末全省(sheng)普降中到大(da)雨，我省(sheng)小麥(mai)病蟲害的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)蔓(man)延速(su)度進一步加(jia)快，特別(bie)是病害發(fa)展(zhan)迅速(su)。截止(zhi)4月16日不完全統計，各種(zhong)病蟲草害發(fa)生(sheng)面積(ji)(ji)達12666.1萬(wan)畝(mu)次(ci)，比上周增加(jia)了843.97萬(wan)畝(mu),防(fang)治9319.2萬(wan)畝(mu)次(ci)，占發(fa)生(sheng)面積(ji)(ji)的(de)73.6％。其中，紋枯病發(fa)生(sheng)普遍，麥(mai)蜘蛛、麥(mai)蚜、白粉病等發(fa)展(zhan)蔓(man)延較快，豫南吸(xi)漿蟲進入蛹盛(sheng)期(qi)，胞囊(nang)線蟲在部分(fen)地區加(jia)重為害。具(ju)體情況(kuang)如下：
紋枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)：全省(sheng)發生4025.3萬畝，比上周增加314.3萬畝,防治3298.9萬畝次，占發生面積的82％。全省(sheng)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)田(tian)(tian)率(lv)達(da)80％-85％，病(bing)(bing)株率(lv)25.18％-29.18％，最(zui)高病(bing)(bing)株率(lv)達(da)100％，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)情指數為4.45。其(qi)中(zhong)駐馬(ma)店、漯河(he)、開封、焦作、周口、南陽、商丘、濮陽等地(di)發生最(zui)重，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)株率(lv)均(jun)(jun)在32％以上，駐馬(ma)店高達(da)50.1％；信陽、平(ping)(ping)頂(ding)山、洛陽、濟(ji)源、許昌、新鄉(xiang)、安陽等地(di)次之，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)株率(lv)在16％-28.5％之間，其(qi)它地(di)市(shi)相當較輕，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)株率(lv)均(jun)(jun)在15%以下。由(you)于上周我(wo)省(sheng)普降(jiang)中(zhong)到(dao)大雨，田(tian)(tian)間濕度對紋枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)的發生發展非常有利(li)。
麥蜘蛛：全省發生(sheng)(sheng)2229.71萬畝(mu)，比上(shang)周(zhou)增加266.3萬畝(mu)，防治1776.5萬畝(mu)次(ci)，占發生(sheng)(sheng)面積(ji)的79.7％。全省一般蟲(chong)田率75.2％-79.2％，螨(man)(man)株率66.4％-70.4％，平均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)市(shi)尺(chi)單(dan)行(xing)螨(man)(man)量(liang)為226.5-230.5頭，最(zui)高達15000頭。其(qi)中漯(luo)河(he)(he)、平頂(ding)山(shan)、洛陽(yang)、三門(men)峽(xia)、鶴壁等地密度上(shang)升較快(kuai)，漯(luo)河(he)(he)、平頂(ding)山(shan)最(zui)重，平均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)市(shi)尺(chi)單(dan)行(xing)螨(man)(man)量(liang)分別為580頭和532.6頭，其(qi)它市(shi)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)市(shi)尺(chi)單(dan)行(xing)螨(man)(man)量(liang)達350頭左右；駐馬(ma)店、濟源、許昌、新鄉、南陽(yang)等地平均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)市(shi)尺(chi)單(dan)行(xing)有螨(man)(man)160-250頭；其(qi)它地市(shi)密度相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)較低(di)，一般市(shi)尺(chi)單(dan)行(xing)有螨(man)(man)70-150頭。由于(yu)近期(qi)雨量(liang)充沛，對(dui)(dui)紅蜘蛛的擴展蔓(man)延(yan)起到(dao)了一定的抑制作用。
麥蚜：全省(sheng)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)744萬(wan)畝(mu)，比上周增加(jia)119萬(wan)畝(mu)，防治538.8萬(wan)畝(mu)次，占發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面積的72.3％。全省(sheng)蚜田(tian)率一般(ban)為(wei)62.8％-66.8％，蚜株率22.4％-26.4％，百株蚜量101-105頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，明顯(xian)輕于去年與(yu)常(chang)年，但田(tian)間最高蚜量仍達到7100頭(tou)(tou)(tou)。其中(zhong)焦作、濟源、開封、信陽(yang)、駐(zhu)馬店、南陽(yang)等地蟲口(kou)密(mi)度回升較快(kuai),平(ping)均(jun)百株蚜量分別(bie)為(wei)228.4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、210頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、185頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、146.07頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、131.3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)和127.5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，嚴重田(tian)塊達1000頭(tou)(tou)(tou)以(yi)上；濮(pu)陽(yang)、安陽(yang)、漯河、商丘等市發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)較輕，平(ping)均(jun)百株蚜量均(jun)在20頭(tou)(tou)(tou)以(yi)下；其它(ta)地市平(ping)均(jun)百株蚜量為(wei)50-100頭(tou)(tou)(tou)。
小麥(mai)吸漿(jiang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong): 各地(di)監測(ce)結(jie)果顯示(shi)，目前(qian)(qian)(qian)我(wo)省由南(nan)至北小麥(mai)吸漿(jiang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)陸續開始進入出土(tu)期(qi)(qi)。南(nan)陽鎮平(ping)縣4月18日大田網(wang)(wang)捕調(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)了3個鄉(xiang)，其(qi)中(zhong)一個鄉(xiang)網(wang)(wang)捕了180復次，見成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)1075頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，平(ping)均59.7頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/10網(wang)(wang)復次，最高302頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/10網(wang)(wang)復次，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)口密度為近10年來少有(you)(you)，全縣發生30萬(wan)畝，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)麥(mai)播面(mian)積的40％。周口市4月14-15日調(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)287頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，其(qi)中(zhong)休眠(mian)(mian)體(ti)22頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)7.6%，活動幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)158頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)55.1%，蛹(yong)(yong)107頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)37.3%；上層(ceng)(ceng)有(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)186頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)64.8%，其(qi)中(zhong)休眠(mian)(mian)體(ti)5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，活動幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)101頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，蛹(yong)(yong)80頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)；中(zhong)層(ceng)(ceng)有(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)85頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)29.6%，其(qi)中(zhong)休眠(mian)(mian)體(ti)7頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，活動幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)51頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，蛹(yong)(yong)27頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)；下層(ceng)(ceng)有(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)16頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)5.6%，其(qi)中(zhong)休眠(mian)(mian)體(ti)10頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，活動幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)6頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。平(ping)頂山(shan)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)總蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)206頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，其(qi)中(zhong)休眠(mian)(mian)體(ti)44頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)21.4%；活動幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)118頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)57.3%；前(qian)(qian)(qian)蛹(yong)(yong)31頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)15%；初(chu)蛹(yong)(yong)10頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)4.8%；中(zhong)蛹(yong)(yong)2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1%；后(hou)蛹(yong)(yong)1頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)0.5%；化蛹(yong)(yong)率21.3%。安陽縣調(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)68頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，其(qi)中(zhong)休眠(mian)(mian)體(ti)19頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)27.9%，活動幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)44頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)64.7%，前(qian)(qian)(qian)蛹(yong)(yong)5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)7.4%。從以(yi)上情況可(ke)以(yi)看出，豫南(nan)麥(mai)區(qu)已經進入羽(yu)化盛(sheng)期(qi)(qi)和蛹(yong)(yong)盛(sheng)期(qi)(qi)，豫北已開始進入蛹(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)。
白粉病：全省發生面積(ji)201.7萬畝，比上周增加67.8萬畝。輕于常年(nian)同期。主要(yao)發生在新鄉、洛陽、信陽、三門峽、濟源(yuan)、安陽、濮陽、周口和南陽等部(bu)分麥田,目前(qian)為點片發病階(jie)段。
來源：河南植保站
