目前，蘋果已(yi)進入幼果期，正是多種病(bing)蟲(chong)害侵入的重要(yao)時期。據各(ge)地(di)5月中上旬調(diao)查，當(dang)前蘋果主(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)蟲(chong)發生動態(tai)及趨勢如(ru)下：
蘋果(guo)腐爛病：近年(nian)發(fa)生較重(zhong)，洛川(chuan)縣(xian)4月份(fen)調查，病園率69.9%，病株(zhu)(zhu)率10.7%，嚴重(zhong)果(guo)園病株(zhu)(zhu)率27.1%；目前已(yi)過發(fa)生盛期，刮(gua)治已(yi)基本結束,新(xin)發(fa)病斑較少。5月17日我省渭(wei)南果(guo)區遭受了冰(bing)雹災害，雹災導致果(guo)樹葉(xie)片、果(guo)實破(po)損，枝(zhi)桿皮層開(kai)裂，樹體傷痕遍布，嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)了樹勢(shi)，給病菌的入侵創造(zao)了機(ji)會(hui)，會(hui)加(jia)重(zhong)后期蘋果(guo)腐爛病發(fa)生。
蘋果(guo)白粉病(bing)(bing)：中(zhong)(zhong)等偏輕發(fa)生(sheng)。主要(yao)在(zai)樹(shu)冠上部嫩(nen)梢(shao)(shao)及嫩(nen)葉(xie)上危害，目(mu)前正(zheng)值發(fa)生(sheng)盛(sheng)期，平均病(bing)(bing)梢(shao)(shao)率禮泉縣(xian)10.7%、涇陽(yang)3.3%、永壽4.6%、長武5%。渭南市(shi)大(da)荔、白水、蒲城、合(he)陽(yang)、臨渭等地發(fa)生(sheng)普遍，平均病(bing)(bing)園率54.3%，病(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率22.7%，病(bing)(bing)梢(shao)(shao)率5.2%，其中(zhong)(zhong)白水發(fa)生(sheng)較重(zhong)，發(fa)生(sheng)面積 31 萬(wan)畝，病(bing)(bing)園率80%，病(bing)(bing)枝(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)率17 %；銅川市(shi)病(bing)(bing)梢(shao)(shao)率13.1%，病(bing)(bing)葉(xie)率6.2%，最高病(bing)(bing)梢(shao)(shao)率22.1%。延安市(shi)洛川縣(xian)主要(yao)發(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)嘎(ga)啦(la)果(guo)園和部分紅富士果(guo)園，病(bing)(bing)園率21.5%,病(bing)(bing)梢(shao)(shao)率0.6%，病(bing)(bing)葉(xie)率0.18%。
蘋(pin)果早期(qi)落(luo)葉(xie)病(bing)：以褐(he)斑病(bing)為主，今年4—5月(yue)份的降(jiang)雨天數多，降(jiang)雨量較常年大，對其侵入(ru)非常有利，預(yu)計6月(yue)上(shang)旬該病(bing)將陸續發生(sheng)， 7、8月(yue)就進入(ru)發病(bing)高峰期(qi)，預(yu)計中(zhong)后(hou)期(qi)偏重發生(sheng)。白(bai)水縣斑點(dian)落(luo)葉(xie)病(bing)發生(sheng)較重，病(bing)園(yuan)率 65%，病(bing)葉(xie)率 1.6%，發生(sheng)面積26萬畝。
蘋果蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)：中等偏輕發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。目前(qian)正值發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)盛(sheng)期，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)程度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)年有所下降。渭(wei)南市(shi)大荔(li)縣(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)園(yuan)率(lv)(lv)85.5%，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)率(lv)(lv)11%，平均(jun)百(bai)葉(xie)(xie)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)280頭(tou)(tou)，嚴重(zhong)的百(bai)葉(xie)(xie)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)500頭(tou)(tou)；蒲城(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)園(yuan)率(lv)(lv)100%,蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)率(lv)(lv)38%，平均(jun)百(bai)葉(xie)(xie)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)24頭(tou)(tou)；白水、合陽(yang)、韓城(cheng)輕發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。咸陽(yang)市(shi)淳化(hua)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)，百(bai)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)3200頭(tou)(tou)；禮泉縣(xian)有蚜梢(shao)(shao)(shao)率(lv)(lv)6.3%、百(bai)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)1730頭(tou)(tou)；涇陽(yang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)園(yuan)率(lv)(lv)100%、蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)株率(lv)(lv)72.7%，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)率(lv)(lv)20%，百(bai)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)440頭(tou)(tou)；永壽(shou)蚜梢(shao)(shao)(shao)率(lv)(lv)23%，少部分(fen)形成1㎝蚜棒(bang)。銅川市(shi)耀州區發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)率(lv)(lv)12.7%，百(bai)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)2100頭(tou)(tou)，印(yin)臺區、宜(yi)君縣(xian)百(bai)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)分(fen)別(bie)為820頭(tou)(tou)、600頭(tou)(tou)。延安(an)市(shi)洛川蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)園(yuan)率(lv)(lv)41.6%，蚜梢(shao)(shao)(shao)率(lv)(lv)5.9%,平均(jun)百(bai)新梢(shao)(shao)(shao)有蚜279頭(tou)(tou)，個別(bie)單梢(shao)(shao)(shao)有蚜80-100頭(tou)(tou)。
山楂葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)螨：目前正值發(fa)生(sheng)初期(qi)(qi)，基(ji)數大都(dou)較(jiao)(jiao)常年略低。渭(wei)南市白水縣發(fa)生(sheng)面積 5萬畝，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)園(yuan)(yuan)率(lv)(lv)(lv)13 %，百(bai)(bai)(bai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量40頭(tou)；蒲城蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)園(yuan)(yuan)率(lv)(lv)(lv)43%，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)株率(lv)(lv)(lv)20%，平(ping)均(jun)百(bai)(bai)(bai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量10頭(tou)。咸陽(yang)市長(chang)武蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)園(yuan)(yuan)率(lv)(lv)(lv)100%，平(ping)均(jun)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)株率(lv)(lv)(lv)45%，百(bai)(bai)(bai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量103頭(tou)；永(yong)壽百(bai)(bai)(bai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量56頭(tou)，最(zui)高350頭(tou)。銅川(chuan)市平(ping)均(jun)百(bai)(bai)(bai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量8.9頭(tou)，部分果園(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)生(sheng)量較(jiao)(jiao)重，百(bai)(bai)(bai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)有(you)量達(da)228頭(tou)。洛川(chuan)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)園(yuan)(yuan)率(lv)(lv)(lv)30.2%，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)率(lv)(lv)(lv)2.9%，平(ping)均(jun)百(bai)(bai)(bai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)有(you)成(cheng)(cheng)螨24.8頭(tou)，嚴重果園(yuan)(yuan)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)率(lv)(lv)(lv)5.9%，平(ping)均(jun)百(bai)(bai)(bai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)有(you)成(cheng)(cheng)螨66頭(tou)，最(zui)高單葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)有(you)成(cheng)(cheng)螨29頭(tou)。預計中(zhong)后期(qi)(qi)中(zhong)等發(fa)生(sheng)。
桃小食心蟲：目前開始出土，近期因天(tian)(tian)氣干(gan)旱，發生期較去年晚5—6天(tian)(tian)。預計輕發生，5月底進入(ru)(ru)出土高峰，6月上旬(xun)進入(ru)(ru)成(cheng)蟲發生初期。
蘋小(xiao)卷葉蛾：局部發(fa)生。洛川蟲(chong)園(yuan)率14.5%，蟲(chong)梢(shao)率2.8%，平(ping)均(jun)(jun)百梢(shao)有幼蟲(chong)1.4頭(tou)，蛹1.3頭(tou)，性誘劑監測，5月14日始見越(yue)冬代羽化(hua)成蟲(chong)；米脂縣平(ping)均(jun)(jun)蟲(chong)園(yuan)率62.1％，蟲(chong)稍(shao)率16.5％，百稍(shao)幼蟲(chong)5.4頭(tou)，嚴重果園(yuan)蟲(chong)稍(shao)率26.3％，百梢(shao)幼蟲(chong)15頭(tou)。
金紋細蛾(e)(e)：永壽蟲(chong)葉(xie)率1.6%，5月1日至13日共誘(you)蛾(e)(e)280頭，平(ping)均單(dan)芯(xin)每天誘(you)蛾(e)(e)4.3頭；長武蟲(chong)株率21%，蟲(chong)葉(xie)率2%，百(bai)葉(xie)蟲(chong)斑5個，百(bai)葉(xie)活蟲(chong)3頭；白水蟲(chong)園(yuan)(yuan)率47 %，蟲(chong)葉(xie)率2.8 %；洛川蟲(chong)園(yuan)(yuan)率22.7％，蟲(chong)葉(xie)率0.3％，平(ping)均百(bai)葉(xie)有幼蟲(chong)0.2頭，蛹0.1頭。預計(ji)中等(deng)偏輕發生，6月上旬為二代幼蟲(chong)卵孵(fu)化(hua)盛期。
蘋果介(jie)殼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)：偏輕發生(sheng)。目(mu)前(qian)進入若(ruo)(ruo)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)孵(fu)化(hua)擴散期，預計6月上旬是一(yi)代若(ruo)(ruo)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)孵(fu)化(hua)擴散高峰(feng)期。目(mu)前(qian)正是防治的關鍵時期。渭南(nan)市(shi)(shi)發生(sheng)普遍，合陽、白水、澄(cheng)城、韓城平均(jun)(jun)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)園率(lv)(lv)(lv)42.6%，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)株率(lv)(lv)(lv)15.4%，平均(jun)(jun)50cm枝條有蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)2.3頭(tou)(tou)。咸陽市(shi)(shi)長武蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)園率(lv)(lv)(lv)100%，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)枝率(lv)(lv)(lv)30%，百(bai)枝蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量40頭(tou)(tou)，最(zui)高達80頭(tou)(tou)；旬邑蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)園率(lv)(lv)(lv)33%，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)枝率(lv)(lv)(lv)7.5%，平均(jun)(jun)50cm枝段有蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)8頭(tou)(tou)；永壽平均(jun)(jun)50cm枝段有蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)2頭(tou)(tou)，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)枝率(lv)(lv)(lv)9.2%，最(zui)高4%。
防治意見：1、結合夏管，剪除病(bing)蟲(chong)枝梢，帶出園外(wai)燒毀。2、果園內安裝(zhuang)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)燈，捕蟲(chong)板，誘殺(sha)(sha)成蟲(chong)，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)田間落卵量，同(tong)時進(jin)行果實套(tao)袋(dai)，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)病(bing)蟲(chong)危害。3、套(tao)袋(dai)前1—2天全園噴施一次殺(sha)(sha)菌(jun)劑加(jia)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑，殺(sha)(sha)菌(jun)劑可(ke)選(xuan)用甲基托布(bu)津(jin)、多菌(jun)靈、戊唑(zuo)醇、己(ji)唑(zuo)醇等，殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑可(ke)選(xuan)用吡蟲(chong)啉、毒死蜱等，確(que)保在無(wu)菌(jun)無(wu)蟲(chong)的情(qing)況(kuang)下進(jin)行套(tao)袋(dai)。
來源：陜西(xi)省植物保(bao)護工(gong)作總站
