入春以(yi)來，小麥條(tiao)(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)在西南地區(qu)持續擴展，程(cheng)度(du)加重(zhong)；隨著氣(qi)溫逐漸回升和旱情逐步解除(chu)，隴南和隴中、陜南和關中、鄂北、豫南等地病(bing)情陸續顯現。截至(zhi)3月(yue)16日，全(quan)國(guo)小麥條(tiao)(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)發(fa)生(sheng)面積(ji)達(da)1066萬畝，涉及四(si)川、云南、貴(gui)州、重(zhong)慶、陜西、甘肅、湖北、河南、新疆9省(sheng)（市、區(qu)）的325個縣（市、區(qu)）。
當前西南(nan)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)仍為小麥條銹病(bing)(bing)(bing)重(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積占全(quan)(quan)國總面積的86.7%，呈(cheng)現范圍廣、病(bing)(bing)(bing)點(dian)(dian)多(duo)、流(liu)行快的特點(dian)(dian)，早發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)已呈(cheng)偏重(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)態勢，遲發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)達到偏輕至中(zhong)(zhong)等發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)平(ping)。其中(zhong)(zhong)，四(si)川(chuan)已進入(ru)春(chun)季流(liu)行高峰期，有21個(ge)(ge)市(shi)（州）的124個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)（區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)）見病(bing)(bing)(bing)，主(zhu)要發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)在涪(fu)江(jiang)、岷江(jiang)、沱(tuo)江(jiang)、嘉陵江(jiang)和安寧河(he)流(liu)域(yu)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積445萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。云(yun)南(nan)全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)14個(ge)(ge)市(shi)（州）93個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)（區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)）普遍(bian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積244.3萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，總體病(bing)(bing)(bing)情已趨于穩定，東(dong)北部(bu)(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)仍在擴展；全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)平(ping)均(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)田率(lv)(lv)6.5%-32.5%，平(ping)均(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)率(lv)(lv)8.5%-35.1%。貴州發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積192.8萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，近期病(bing)(bing)(bing)情擴展快，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)范圍涉(she)及9個(ge)(ge)市(shi)（地(di)、州）的41個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)（市(shi)、區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)），已從(cong)西南(nan)部(bu)(bu)蔓延(yan)至中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)和東(dong)北部(bu)(bu)，擴展時期較(jiao)往年早30天左(zuo)右，全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)平(ping)均(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)率(lv)(lv)13%-52%。重(zhong)慶發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)42萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，共有21個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)（區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)）見病(bing)(bing)(bing)，在渝(yu)西、渝(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)、渝(yu)東(dong)北低(di)海(hai)拔區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)進入(ru)流(liu)行擴散(san)階段，渝(yu)東(dong)南(nan)為點(dian)(dian)片發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)；全(quan)(quan)市(shi)平(ping)均(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)田率(lv)(lv)25%，病(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)率(lv)(lv)7.5%。
3月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬以(yi)來，陜西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)和(he)關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、甘肅南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)、湖北(bei)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)和(he)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)、河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)南(nan)(nan)陽(yang)等(deng)區(qu)(qu)域小麥(mai)條(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)情進一步發(fa)(fa)展，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)冬(dong)繁區(qu)(qu)明顯加重、越冬(dong)區(qu)(qu)加速(su)顯癥，對江淮、黃淮海廣(guang)大(da)東部(bu)(bu)麥(mai)區(qu)(qu)已(yi)(yi)構(gou)成較大(da)威(wei)脅。以(yi)上四省發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)面積(ji)達141萬畝，比(bi)(bi)(bi)2008年(nian)(nian)和(he)2007年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)分(fen)別增(zeng)加69萬畝和(he)31萬畝；發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)縣(xian)(xian)（市(shi)、區(qu)(qu)）數(shu)46個，與2007年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)相同(tong)(tong)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)2008年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)多29個。陜西(xi)(xi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面積(ji)80萬畝，陜南(nan)(nan)漢(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、安(an)康(kang)(kang)、商洛(luo)和(he)關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶雞、西(xi)(xi)安(an)的(de)19個縣(xian)(xian)（區(qu)(qu)）見(jian)(jian)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，漢(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)寧(ning)強、勉(mian)縣(xian)(xian)、略(lve)陽(yang)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)麥(mai)區(qu)(qu)已(yi)(yi)開(kai)始流行，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)田率(lv)(lv)接近50%，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)率(lv)(lv)達11%；安(an)康(kang)(kang)、商洛(luo)等(deng)地(di)點片發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)5縣(xian)(xian)見(jian)(jian)新鮮病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)，見(jian)(jian)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)時間和(he)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程度明顯早于(yu)(yu)和(he)重于(yu)(yu)上年(nian)(nian)，接近2006、2007年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)。甘肅發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面積(ji)25.9萬畝，比(bi)(bi)(bi)上年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)增(zeng)加176.7％，涉及隴南(nan)(nan)和(he)隴中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)3市(shi)14縣(xian)(xian)（區(qu)(qu)）；其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)文縣(xian)(xian)川壩(ba)區(qu)(qu)普遍發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，隴南(nan)(nan)其余地(di)區(qu)(qu)、天水(shui)、定西(xi)(xi)的(de)半山(shan)、淺山(shan)和(he)川壩(ba)區(qu)(qu)大(da)部(bu)(bu)零星發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，主要以(yi)單片病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)為主，個別地(di)塊有發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心。湖北(bei)已(yi)(yi)在襄樊、十堰、荊門(men)、恩施和(he)宣恩5市(shi)12個縣(xian)(xian)（市(shi)、區(qu)(qu)）見(jian)(jian)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)增(zeng)加7個縣(xian)(xian)（市(shi)、區(qu)(qu)），見(jian)(jian)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)面積(ji)約(yue)36.4萬畝，比(bi)(bi)(bi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)增(zeng)加2倍(bei)；全省平均病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)田率(lv)(lv)為14.7%，以(yi)點片發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為主。河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)于(yu)(yu)3月(yue)12日在南(nan)(nan)陽(yang)市(shi)唐河(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)發(fa)(fa)現1個發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心（品(pin)種為西(xi)(xi)農979），面積(ji)1m2，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心內有23片病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)，嚴(yan)重度10%-40%，以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下部(bu)(bu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)居多，全省病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)情始見(jian)(jian)日比(bi)(bi)(bi)2008年(nian)(nian)早40天。新疆(jiang)也在喀什地(di)區(qu)(qu)麥(mai)蓋提縣(xian)(xian)見(jian)(jian)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。
據監測(ce)，3月上中旬(xun)，湖(hu)北(bei)、河南(nan)、陜(shan)西、甘肅等冬季旱情嚴重的(de)(de)冬麥區(qu)(qu)有2次(ci)明(ming)顯降水，土壤墑(di)情顯著改善，除促進(jin)小麥苗情轉化(hua)外，也利于病情發展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)顯癥。據國家氣象中心預測(ce)，3月中下旬(xun)，西北(bei)地區(qu)(qu)和(he)西南(nan)部(bu)分地區(qu)(qu)氣溫偏(pian)高，其余大部(bu)地區(qu)(qu)與常年持平，黃淮、江淮和(he)四川盆地大部(bu)降水量(liang)接近(jin)常年同期或偏(pian)多(duo)3～5成，天(tian)氣條件有利于西南(nan)、陜(shan)南(nan)等地病情的(de)(de)擴(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)蔓(man)延，隴(long)南(nan)和(he)隴(long)中、關中、鄂北(bei)、鄂西、江漢(han)平原北(bei)部(bu)、豫(yu)南(nan)地區(qu)(qu)病情將進(jin)一步發展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)顯現，對東部(bu)主(zhu)產區(qu)(qu)小麥安全(quan)生產的(de)(de)威脅加重。
鑒于(yu)小麥條(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)在(zai)西(xi)南(nan)地區大發(fa)(fa)生、在(zai)漢水流(liu)域早發(fa)(fa)重發(fa)(fa)的嚴峻形勢，各地植保部(bu)門應(ying)高度(du)重視小麥條(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)發(fa)(fa)生動態監測(ce)，西(xi)南(nan)、西(xi)北等地要(yao)密(mi)切跟(gen)蹤病(bing)情發(fa)(fa)展動態，為科學防(fang)控(kong)提供準(zhun)確信息；江漢、江淮(huai)、黃淮(huai)等地要(yao)加大調(diao)查范(fan)圍和調(diao)查頻率(lv)，及時發(fa)(fa)布病(bing)情預報，堅持“帶藥偵察，發(fa)(fa)現一(yi)點，防(fang)治一(yi)片”，盡早做(zuo)好防(fang)控(kong)準(zhun)備，力爭將病(bing)情控(kong)制在(zai)流(liu)行初期(qi)。
來源：病蟲害測報處
