其(qi)中，國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院參事、中國(guo)(guo)農(nong)藥發展(zhan)與應(ying)用協(xie)會會長劉堅在本屆論壇上具(ju)體指出：“要積(ji)極探(tan)索推廣應(ying)用生物(wu)農(nong)藥的(de)新(xin)機制，建(jian)立以使用生物(wu)農(nong)藥為主(zhu)的(de)水果(guo)、蔬菜新(xin)型技術體系(xi)，以化學農(nong)藥和(he)生物(wu)農(nong)藥互為補(bu)充的(de)糧(liang)食作物(wu)病蟲害(hai)防治新(xin)技術。”
探索生物農藥新機制
劉堅指出(chu)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)作為(wei)(wei)一個為(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)服務的(de)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)，越(yue)來越(yue)受到社(she)會(hui)各界(jie)的(de)廣泛關(guan)注，農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展正面臨著(zhu)新(xin)的(de)機(ji)(ji)遇和挑戰(zhan)。一是農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)形勢(shi)為(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展提(ti)供了(le)(le)新(xin)機(ji)(ji)遇；二是發(fa)(fa)展低(di)碳經濟對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)提(ti)出(chu)了(le)(le)新(xin)挑戰(zhan)；三是保(bao)障(zhang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品質(zhi)量安全對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展提(ti)出(chu)了(le)(le)新(xin)要求。新(xin)形勢(shi)下，我國的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)必須依靠科技，積極創新(xin)，生產(chan)更(geng)加安全、環(huan)保(bao)的(de)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，尤其是低(di)毒、高效(xiao)、環(huan)保(bao)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。由于選擇性強(qiang)、對(dui)(dui)人畜安全、生態環(huan)境影響小等(deng)特點，生物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)正適應了(le)(le)這個發(fa)(fa)展趨勢(shi)。
據統計，我(wo)國現有(you)(you)30余(yu)家生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)研究機構、240多家生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)，登記的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)效成分80多個、產(chan)品2500多個，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)年(nian)產(chan)量約12萬噸、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)面積(ji)(ji)約4億畝次，銷售額占(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)銷售總額的(de)(de)(de)5%左右(you)，具有(you)(you)發展生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基礎(chu)。“但由于農(nong)(nong)(nong)民習慣于使(shi)(shi)用(yong)化學農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，可使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)種類少，國家對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)發展和(he)應用(yong)缺乏有(you)(you)效激勵政策，以及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)市(shi)場份額小，導致企(qi)(qi)業(ye)難以通過自身力量發展壯大，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、科(ke)研和(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)(ji)極(ji)性不高。”劉堅說。他強調(diao)，要積(ji)(ji)極(ji)探索(suo)推廣(guang)應用(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)體制機制，建立以使(shi)(shi)用(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)果、蔬菜新型植保(bao)(bao)技術(shu)體系，以化學農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)互為(wei)(wei)補(bu)充(chong)的(de)(de)(de)新型、環保(bao)(bao)、安全的(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)食作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)病蟲害(hai)防治新技術(shu)。
禁限用高毒農藥帶來機遇
論壇(tan)上(shang)(shang)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部總(zong)經濟(ji)師(shi)陳萌山指出，今年我國(guo)夏糧(liang)(liang)再獲好(hao)收成，秋糧(liang)(liang)長勢(shi)喜人。特別(bie)是夏糧(liang)(liang)總(zong)產(chan)達到(dao)(dao)2462億斤，接近上(shang)(shang)年水(shui)平，是歷史上(shang)(shang)第(di)三個(ge)高產(chan)年。今年糧(liang)(liang)食和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)的(de)好(hao)形勢(shi)與廣(guang)大農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥生產(chan)、科研、推廣(guang)、管理工作者的(de)辛勤努力密不可分。他(ta)說，充(chong)分發揮農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)的(de)保(bao)駕(jia)護航作用，實現“蟲口奪(duo)糧(liang)(liang)、抗災保(bao)豐收”，意義重(zhong)大、任務艱巨(ju)。近年來，我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥品(pin)(pin)種結構明顯(xian)優化，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥市場秩(zhi)序明顯(xian)好(hao)轉。目前，正式登(deng)記產(chan)品(pin)(pin)占登(deng)記產(chan)品(pin)(pin)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)比例(li)(li)已提高到(dao)(dao)74%，高毒、劇毒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥占登(deng)記總(zong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)比例(li)(li)降至5%以下，高效、安全、環境(jing)友好(hao)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥占原藥總(zong)產(chan)量(liang)的(de)96%以上(shang)(shang)。上(shang)(shang)半(ban)年，我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)市場抽檢合格率達到(dao)(dao)83.8%，繼續保(bao)持穩定上(shang)(shang)升趨勢(shi)。
陳(chen)萌山強調，我國農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、經營(ying)和使用環節還存在一(yi)些(xie)亟待(dai)解(jie)決的(de)(de)問題(ti)。下一(yi)步，要深入持久(jiu)地(di)(di)抓好(hao)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)市場(chang)監管，開展(zhan)在蔬菜(cai)優(you)勢(shi)區域重點縣開展(zhan)高毒(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)定點經營(ying)試點，建立銷售(shou)流向(xiang)記(ji)錄，嚴防高毒(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)用于蔬菜(cai)等鮮食農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)。要進(jin)一(yi)步抓好(hao)禁限(xian)用高毒(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)管理，加(jia)快淘(tao)汰(tai)和禁用現有的(de)(de)22種(zhong)高毒(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)，并加(jia)快研發推(tui)廣使用高毒(du)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)替代產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)和配套使用技術。要扎實有效地(di)(di)引(yin)導農(nong)(nong)民(min)科學合(he)理用藥(yao)(yao)，大力(li)(li)推(tui)進(jin)標(biao)準(zhun)化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和綠色防控(kong)。要嚴格把(ba)好(hao)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)登(deng)記(ji)準(zhun)入關，減少相(xiang)同(tong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)登(deng)記(ji)數量，防止產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)過多、過雜。要全(quan)力(li)(li)以(yi)赴推(tui)動(dong)《農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)管理條例》的(de)(de)修訂，確保修改后的(de)(de)條例更加(jia)符(fu)合(he)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)行業的(de)(de)實際需求。
生物農藥未來需理性思考
對于本次論壇熱點(dian)關注的(de)“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)”主題，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)專家謝天健(jian)教授作了(le)題為《中國生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)現狀和前景》的(de)報(bao)告(gao)。報(bao)告(gao)指出生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)發(fa)展歷經百年，現已成為全球關注的(de)重(zhong)點(dian)，但全球生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)卻(que)沒(mei)有實(shi)現預(yu)期的(de)發(fa)展目(mu)標。
謝教授認為(wei)：“應(ying)對生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)發展作出(chu)理性思(si)考，化學農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)主體地位可預見期內不會改(gai)變，生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)穩定(ding)上升(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)走(zou)勢不會改(gai)變，而生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)發展應(ying)找準‘綠色農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)’這個切入點。”他強調：“中(zhong)國在生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)發展上擁有(you)前所未有(you)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會，當然也面(mian)臨很明顯的(de)(de)(de)困難(nan)與挑(tiao)戰。”機(ji)會包(bao)括中(zhong)國農(nong)(nong)業(ye)、林業(ye)、公共衛生(sheng)(sheng)，有(you)使用微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)大(da)空間(jian)；生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)能在防治重(zhong)(zhong)要農(nong)(nong)作物(wu)(wu)(wu)病蟲害方面(mian)發揮重(zhong)(zhong)要作用。但是“一刀(dao)切”的(de)(de)(de)傳統農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)評(ping)價體系、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)產學研分離、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)應(ying)用推廣(guang)被(bei)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)輕視的(de)(de)(de)現狀也使中(zhong)國生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)發展面(mian)臨巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)困難(nan)。
針(zhen)對(dui)上述問(wen)題，謝教授(shou)給(gei)出了如(ru)(ru)下幾點建議：第一(yi)，成立(li)高層次發(fa)展生物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥協調(diao)小組，充分整(zheng)合各方資(zi)源(yuan)，推(tui)(tui)動集(ji)團(tuan)式健康快速(su)發(fa)展；制定“中國(guo)生物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥中長期發(fa)展規劃(hua)”，實現強國(guo)、大(da)國(guo)戰(zhan)略(lve)目標；第二，短平快突(tu)破，特別是對(dui)當前(qian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品安(an)全(quan)最受威脅(xie)的蔬菜作物(如(ru)(ru)豇(jiang)豆、韭菜等)，建立(li)以(yi)生物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥為(wei)主體(ti)的綠色防控體(ti)系示(shi)(shi)范基地(di)；今(jin)冬(dong)進軍(jun)(jun)海(hai)(hai)南，推(tui)(tui)動海(hai)(hai)南生態農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)島建設；第三(san)，政府對(dui)示(shi)(shi)范基地(di)和進軍(jun)(jun)海(hai)(hai)南項目給(gei)予(yu)資(zi)助。
“全球微生物(wu)農藥(yao)制造業(ye)已經向(xiang)發(fa)(fa)展中國家(jia)(jia)，尤(you)其是像中國這樣已做好(hao)對接準(zhun)備的(de)國家(jia)(jia)轉移，在(zai)傳統(tong)農藥(yao)方面中國與發(fa)(fa)達(da)國家(jia)(jia)有著難以(yi)逾越(yue)的(de)差距，但(dan)在(zai)生物(wu)農藥(yao)領域卻緊跟發(fa)(fa)達(da)國家(jia)(jia)步(bu)伐，無太大(da)差距。”他(ta)說。
