當前我(wo)區小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)已基本收(shou)割完畢(bi)，正(zheng)播(bo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)正(zheng)值(zhi)乳熟期，復播(bo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)進(jin)入(ru)喇叭口期，棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)生長(chang)已進(jin)入(ru)鈴期，即將吐絮。目前小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)各類病(bing)蟲發生為(wei)害已經結束(shu)，玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)、棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)等(deng)大田作(zuo)物進(jin)入(ru)中后期病(bing)蟲防控的關鍵時(shi)期。據不(bu)完全統計，截止8月15日，全區小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)、玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)、棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)主要病(bing)蟲害累計發生面(mian)積達3752萬畝次。
一(yi)、當前糧棉(mian)主要病蟲害發(fa)生情(qing)況
今年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)上(shang)半年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)在(zai)(zai)我區總體(ti)偏(pian)輕(qing)(qing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，為(wei)害(hai)程度輕(qing)(qing)于去年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)和常(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，各(ge)類病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲累計發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面積836萬畝次(ci)，較(jiao)去年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)減(jian)少38%。僅有(you)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)赤霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)伊(yi)犁河(he)谷(gu)春麥(mai)(mai)區中度發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，局部麥(mai)(mai)田呈加重流行(xing)趨勢，一(yi)般病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)田率(lv)在(zai)(zai)5.8%～65%之間，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)穗率(lv)在(zai)(zai)11.3～60%，局部較(jiao)為(wei)嚴重田塊(kuai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)穗率(lv)達(da)80%以(yi)上(shang)，對(dui)產量(liang)影響(xiang)較(jiao)大。小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)雪(xue)腐雪(xue)霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)北疆冬麥(mai)(mai)區偏(pian)輕(qing)(qing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，為(wei)近三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)程度最輕(qing)(qing)的一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株率(lv)一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)8.8%～40%；小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)條(tiao)銹病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)期偏(pian)晚，較(jiao)常(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)明顯(xian)減(jian)輕(qing)(qing)，全疆共有(you)25個(ge)縣市發(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)率(lv)一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)2.5%～60%；小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)白粉病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)程度接近去年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)率(lv)在(zai)(zai)4.5%～100%之間。此外，小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)蚜蟲、麥(mai)(mai)蜘(zhi)蛛、全蝕病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、黑穗病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等其他(ta)各(ge)類病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)程度與常(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)相當，為(wei)害(hai)較(jiao)輕(qing)(qing)，經過防治對(dui)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)產量(liang)影響(xiang)不大。
玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)病(bing)蟲害總體(ti)偏輕(qing)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)程度接近常年，發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)730萬(wan)畝(mu)次(ci)，較(jiao)去(qu)(qu)年同期增加(jia)5%。其中玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)螟(ming)(ming)、玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)葉螨(man)(man)(man)、草地螟(ming)(ming)在(zai)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分地區局部(bu)(bu)(bu)田塊偏重(zhong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，對(dui)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)產影響較(jiao)大，由(you)于各級植保(bao)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門及(ji)時監(jian)測(ce)，提前發(fa)布預警信(xin)息，預防工作得(de)到(dao)(dao)有效落實(shi)，較(jiao)好控制了病(bing)蟲的加(jia)重(zhong)為(wei)害。目前二代玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)螟(ming)(ming)正值為(wei)害盛期，全區發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)240萬(wan)畝(mu)次(ci)，較(jiao)去(qu)(qu)年同期增加(jia)23%，田間(jian)平均(jun)被(bei)害株率1.1%，局部(bu)(bu)(bu)達到(dao)(dao)35%；玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)葉螨(man)(man)(man)目前開始擴散為(wei)害，并呈逐年加(jia)重(zhong)趨勢，有螨(man)(man)(man)田率40%～100%，發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)90萬(wan)畝(mu)；草地螟(ming)(ming)在(zai)北疆塔城、阿勒泰局部(bu)(bu)(bu)地塊局部(bu)(bu)(bu)暴發(fa)，發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)范圍、危(wei)害程度均(jun)創歷史之(zhi)最，累計(ji)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)45萬(wan)畝(mu)，較(jiao)去(qu)(qu)年同期增加(jia)350%，一(yi)般蟲量(liang)在(zai)30～80頭(tou)/㎡，最高達500頭(tou)/㎡；雙斑螢葉甲在(zai)北疆博州(zhou)中等(deng)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，塔城、昌吉零星為(wei)害，被(bei)害株率在(zai)16.6%～55%之(zhi)間(jian)。其他玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)病(bing)蟲害輕(qing)度至偏輕(qing)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)280萬(wan)畝(mu)次(ci)。
棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)花病蟲(chong)害總體中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，局部偏(pian)重(zhong)，全區發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面積(ji)2186萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)次,較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)去(qu)年同期(qi)增加12%。其中(zhong)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蚜、棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)葉螨(man)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程度較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)去(qu)年同期(qi)偏(pian)重(zhong)，蟲(chong)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)去(qu)年同期(qi)偏(pian)高。截止目前，棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蚜發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)434萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，伏蚜已進入發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)害末期(qi)，南疆喀(ka)什(shen)(shen)、阿克(ke)蘇、北疆博(bo)州、塔城棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)區發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)。棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)葉螨(man)目前正值(zhi)為(wei)害盛(sheng)(sheng)期(qi)，累計發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面積(ji)340萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，塔城、喀(ka)什(shen)(shen)、阿克(ke)蘇棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)區局部為(wei)害較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)。煙粉虱(shi)在(zai)吐魯番市中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，局部地(di)塊偏(pian)重(zhong)，部分棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)田已被煙粉虱(shi)分泌物污染(ran)。一(yi)代棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)鈴(ling)蟲(chong)在(zai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)田偏(pian)輕發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，和(he)田、喀(ka)什(shen)(shen)、阿克(ke)蘇、塔城等(deng)(deng)地(di)玉米、小(xiao)麥及蔬菜(cai)田中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，累計發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面積(ji)302萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，二代幼蟲(chong)在(zai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)田偏(pian)輕發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面積(ji)269萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，目前正值(zhi)三代幼蟲(chong)為(wei)害盛(sheng)(sheng)期(qi)，棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)田平均百株蟲(chong)量(liang)(liang)2.4頭，最(zui)高12頭，阿克(ke)蘇庫(ku)車縣(xian)、喀(ka)什(shen)(shen)疏附縣(xian)、昌吉州瑪納斯縣(xian)、塔城沙灣縣(xian)等(deng)(deng)地(di)局部棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)田蟲(chong)量(liang)(liang)相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高。棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)花黃(huang)萎病受多年連茬種植影(ying)響(xiang)，土壤帶(dai)菌量(liang)(liang)逐年增多，呈偏(pian)重(zhong)流行態勢(shi)。
二、后期發生趨勢(shi)預報
目(mu)前(qian)我區(qu)玉(yu)米、棉花(hua)等(deng)農作物正值產量(liang)形成關鍵時期(qi)(qi)，氣象資料(liao)預(yu)測顯示，8至9月份，全疆(jiang)大部地(di)區(qu)氣溫(wen)偏高(gao)，降水量(liang)北疆(jiang)和(he)南疆(jiang)西部略偏少(shao)，特別是(shi)南疆(jiang)和(he)田、阿克(ke)蘇(su)、巴(ba)州等(deng)地(di)較(jiao)(jiao)常年(nian)偏少(shao)。高(gao)溫(wen)干旱天(tian)氣條件對玉(yu)米螟(ming)、玉(yu)米葉(xie)(xie)螨、雙斑螢葉(xie)(xie)甲、棉鈴蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、棉葉(xie)(xie)螨、煙粉(fen)虱等(deng)喜旱性病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生為(wei)害較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)有(you)利。根據目(mu)前(qian)作物長勢、前(qian)期(qi)(qi)病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害發(fa)(fa)(fa)生情況和(he)病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)基(ji)數綜合分(fen)析，預(yu)計后期(qi)(qi)玉(yu)米病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害總(zong)體中(zhong)度(du)偏輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)生，其中(zhong)二代玉(yu)米螟(ming)、三代棉鈴蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、玉(yu)米葉(xie)(xie)螨等(deng)害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)將在南疆(jiang)部分(fen)地(di)區(qu)復播玉(yu)米上中(zhong)等(deng)為(wei)害，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生面積150萬(wan)畝(mu)次。針對棉葉(xie)(xie)螨、煙粉(fen)虱和(he)黃(huang)萎(wei)病等(deng)棉花(hua)病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害，目(mu)前(qian)已進(jin)入(ru)防控關鍵時期(qi)(qi)，預(yu)計后期(qi)(qi)總(zong)體中(zhong)等(deng)程(cheng)度(du)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生面積將達到360萬(wan)畝(mu)次。
鑒于當(dang)前玉米(mi)、棉花生(sheng)產地區各類病蟲害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)情(qing)況及(ji)后期趨(qu)勢預(yu)測，各地農業植保(bao)(bao)部門(men)應及(ji)時(shi)(shi)掌握(wo)本地病蟲害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)情(qing)況，明確發(fa)生(sheng)分布區域、田(tian)間蟲口密度和重點防治(zhi)田(tian)塊，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)發(fa)布短期預(yu)報和防治(zhi)信息，指(zhi)導(dao)農民做好科學防治(zhi)，保(bao)(bao)障棉花和秋糧作(zuo)物安全生(sheng)產。
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