農藥在(zai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產中具有極其重要的(de)(de)作用。隨著經濟(ji)社(she)會的(de)(de)發展(zhan),特別是現(xian)代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)趨勢作用下,任(ren)何時候(hou)、任(ren)何國度、任(ren)何農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產環節,都(dou)不可能完全實現(xian)真正意義(yi)上的(de)(de)離開農(nong)藥而(er)進行農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產。如果(guo)有,那(nei)也不是為(wei)了(le)滿(man)足生產的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)而(er)進行的(de)(de)生產,那(nei)不過是一種理論化(hua)的(de)(de)實驗而(er)已。
但是(shi),現(xian)階(jie)段人們(men)對農(nong)藥還存在一定的(de)誤解(jie)。將農(nong)業生產環(huan)境的(de)惡化、農(nong)產品質量的(de)下(xia)降、一些生物品種的(de)減(jian)少(shao)和(he)淘汰甚至自然(ran)條件(jian)等的(de)變化,都歸咎于農(nong)藥。當(dang)然(ran),或許某(mou)些環(huan)節因為農(nong)藥的(de)施用也(ye)產生過一定的(de)影響,特(te)殊(shu)情況下(xia)可能還帶來了較為嚴重的(de)后果(guo),但如果(guo)將這些問題全面或者主要歸咎于農(nong)藥,這是(shi)不公正的(de),也(ye)是(shi)不全面的(de)。
其實,在實際的農業生產過程中,農業生產環境改變的原因,除農藥外,還有生產方式、地力條件、水、氣候等自然條件,機械化大生產與傳統的農耕生產方式對生產條件和環境有不同的要求和顯著的差別,用傳統的耕作方式來看待現代農業的發展,顯然是不行的,而這種不同的生產條件和方式下生產出來的產品當然也具有不同的品質,如果在這種情況下,將產品品質的變化原因歸于農藥,是不客觀的。地力條件的改變,水質污染,氣候變暖,這些問題,也給農業生產條件帶來變化,增加農業生產的可變因素和風險,但這些后果,也不能由農藥來承擔;另一方面,種子、肥(fei)料(liao)、生(sheng)產(chan)工具、以及人們對農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)的認識等(deng)(deng)甚至(zhi)工業、電子(zi)(zi)科技等(deng)(deng)發展(zhan)對農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)的影(ying)響也不容忽(hu)視(shi)。種子(zi)(zi)的不同,肥(fei)料(liao)的適應性,在一些開(kai)發地(di)區人們重工輕農(nong)、重開(kai)發輕產(chan)業的現象存在,對農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)環境(jing)的變化并不過多關注,即使(shi)是一些工業污染,電子(zi)(zi)污染等(deng)(deng)污染源(yuan)對農(nong)業帶來影(ying)響,也以犧牲農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)環境(jing)而告(gao)終。所有這些,都(dou)(dou)是農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)環境(jing)改(gai)變的原因,如果都(dou)(dou)歸(gui)咎于農(nong)藥,是不全面的。
現在(zai),在(zai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)變(bian)革(ge)當中,人們開(kai)始(shi)重新審視農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方式,崇尚生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),發(fa)(fa)(fa)展生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)了農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)一(yi)個發(fa)(fa)(fa)展方向(xiang)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye), 是(shi)按照生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)學原理(li)和(he)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)學原理(li),運用現代(dai)科學技術成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)和(he)現代(dai)管理(li)手段,以及傳統農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)有效(xiao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)驗建立(li)起(qi)來(lai)的(de)(de),能獲得較高的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)(yi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)社(she)會(hui)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)現代(dai)化高效(xiao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。它要求把發(fa)(fa)(fa)展糧食(shi)與(yu)(yu)多種經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)作物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan),發(fa)(fa)(fa)展大(da)田種植與(yu)(yu)林、牧、副、漁(yu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),發(fa)(fa)(fa)展大(da)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)第二、三產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結合起(qi)來(lai),利用傳統農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)精華和(he)現代(dai)科技成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo),通過人工設計生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)工程、協調發(fa)(fa)(fa)展與(yu)(yu)環境之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)、資源利用與(yu)(yu)保護之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)矛盾,形成(cheng)(cheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)上與(yu)(yu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)上兩個良性循環,經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)、社(she)會(hui)三大(da)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)統一(yi)。
但是(shi)(shi),在人們對待生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題上,總有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)將生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)進(jin)行對立的(de)(de)(de)(de)思維。認為(wei)發展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye),勢必要否定(ding)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong),以回(hui)歸(gui)純自然、純生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)來理解(jie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye),這是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)有失偏頗的(de)(de)(de)(de)認識,也(ye)是(shi)(shi)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)不理解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)態(tai)(tai)度。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)同樣需(xu)要農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao),農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)過程中(zhong)依然有著不可或(huo)缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao), 是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)科學(xue)技術發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成果(guo),是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)有效資源(yuan),農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)載(zai)體,是(shi)(shi)實現農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)包括(kuo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵環節。農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)不是(shi)(shi)對立的(de)(de)(de)(de),而是(shi)(shi)矛(mao)盾(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體。當(dang)然,立足于農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)本(ben)身(shen),應該(gai)有所作為(wei),通過不斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)革與創新,適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)和推(tui)動生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)。
