農藥在(zai)農業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產中具有極其重要的(de)作用。隨(sui)著(zhu)經(jing)濟(ji)社會的(de)發展(zhan)(zhan),特別是(shi)隨(sui)著(zhu)現代農業(ye)(ye)的(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)，任(ren)何時候(hou)、任(ren)何國度、任(ren)何農業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產環節,都不可能完全實(shi)現真正意義上(shang)的(de)離(li)開農藥而進(jin)行農業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產。如果(guo)有,那(nei)也(ye)不過是(shi)一(yi)種理論(lun)化(hua)的(de)實(shi)驗(yan)而已。
但是(shi),現階段(duan)人(ren)們對農藥(yao)還存在一(yi)定的(de)誤解。將農業生產環(huan)境的(de)惡化、農產品質(zhi)量的(de)下(xia)降、一(yi)些生物品種的(de)減少(shao)和淘汰甚至自然條件等的(de)變化,都歸咎(jiu)于農藥(yao)。當(dang)然,或許某(mou)些環(huan)節因為(wei)農藥(yao)的(de)施(shi)用也(ye)(ye)產生過一(yi)定的(de)影響,特(te)殊情況下(xia)可能(neng)還帶來了較(jiao)為(wei)嚴重的(de)后果,但如果將這(zhe)些問題全面或者主要歸咎(jiu)于農藥(yao),這(zhe)是(shi)不公正(zheng)的(de),也(ye)(ye)是(shi)不全面的(de)。
其實,在實際的農業生產過程中,農業生產環境改變的原因,除農藥外,還有生產方式、地力條件、水、氣候等自然條件,機械化大生產與傳統的農耕生產方式對生產條件和環境有不同的要求和顯著的差別,用傳統的耕作方式來看待現代農業的發展,顯然是不行的,而這種不同的生產條件和方式下生產出來的產品當然也具有不同的品質。如果在這種情況下,將產品品質的變化原因歸于農藥,是不客觀的。地力條件的改變,水質污染,氣候變暖,這些問題,也給農業生產條件帶來變化,增加農業生產的可變因素和風險,但這些后果,也不能由農藥來承擔。另一方面,種子、肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工(gong)具、以及人(ren)(ren)們(men)對農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)認(ren)識等甚至(zhi)工(gong)業(ye)、電子科技等發(fa)展對農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)影(ying)響也不(bu)容(rong)忽視(shi)。種(zhong)子的(de)(de)不(bu)同,肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)的(de)(de)適應(ying)性,在一(yi)些(xie)開發(fa)地區人(ren)(ren)們(men)重工(gong)輕(qing)農(nong)、重開發(fa)輕(qing)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)現象存在,對農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)變化(hua)并不(bu)過多關注,即使是(shi)一(yi)些(xie)工(gong)業(ye)污染(ran)(ran),電子污染(ran)(ran)等污染(ran)(ran)源對農(nong)業(ye)帶來影(ying)響,也以犧牲農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)環(huan)境(jing)而(er)告終。所(suo)有(you)這些(xie),都是(shi)農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)環(huan)境(jing)改變的(de)(de)原因(yin),如果都歸咎于農(nong)藥,是(shi)不(bu)全面的(de)(de)。
現在,在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)變革當(dang)中,人們開(kai)始重新審(shen)視農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)方(fang)式,崇尚生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye),發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)成為了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的一(yi)個發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)向。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye),是(shi)按照生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)學(xue)原(yuan)理(li)和經(jing)(jing)濟學(xue)原(yuan)理(li),運用(yong)現代科學(xue)技術成果和現代管理(li)手(shou)段(duan),以(yi)及傳統農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的有效(xiao)經(jing)(jing)驗建立起(qi)來(lai)的,能獲得較高的經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)益、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)效(xiao)益和社(she)(she)會效(xiao)益的現代化高效(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。它要求把發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)糧食與(yu)多種經(jing)(jing)濟作物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan),發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)大(da)(da)田種植與(yu)林(lin)、牧、副、漁業(ye)(ye)(ye),發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)大(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)第二、三產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結合起(qi)來(lai),利用(yong)傳統農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)精華和現代科技成果,通(tong)過人工設(she)計生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)工程(cheng)、協調(diao)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)環(huan)境之間、資(zi)源(yuan)利用(yong)與(yu)保護(hu)之間的矛(mao)盾,形成生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)上與(yu)經(jing)(jing)濟上兩個良性循環(huan),經(jing)(jing)濟、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)、社(she)(she)會三大(da)(da)效(xiao)益的統一(yi)。
但是(shi)(shi),在人們對(dui)(dui)待生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)問題上,總有(you)(you)一種(zhong)將生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)與(yu)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)進行(xing)對(dui)(dui)立(li)的(de)思維。認(ren)為發展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye),勢必(bi)要否定農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)作用(yong),以(yi)回歸純(chun)自然、純(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)來(lai)理(li)解生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye),這是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)有(you)(you)失偏頗(po)的(de)認(ren)識,也是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)不理(li)解的(de)一種(zhong)態(tai)度(du)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)同樣需要農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)過(guo)程中(zhong)依然有(you)(you)著不可或缺的(de)作用(yong)。農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)科學技術發展(zhan)的(de)成(cheng)果(guo),是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)促進農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)有(you)(you)效資源,農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)應(ying)用(yong),也是(shi)(shi)現代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)載體,是(shi)(shi)實現農(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)包括生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)關鍵環(huan)節。農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)不是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)立(li)的(de),而是(shi)(shi)矛盾的(de)統一體。當(dang)然,立(li)足于農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)本身,應(ying)該有(you)(you)所作為,通(tong)過(guo)不斷地改革與(yu)創新,適用(yong)和推動生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)發展(zhan)。
