近期頻繁曝出農產品農藥殘留(liu)超(chao)標(biao)問題，讓(rang)整(zheng)個社(she)會為之憤怒，農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘留(liu)背后隱藏著什么?筆者認為，導致農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘留(liu)超(chao)標(biao)的主要(yao)原(yuan)因是農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)環(huan)節監管不力。很多地(di)區(qu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)監管仍(reng)存在較大盲區(qu)，農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)銷售、用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)管理(li)不到位(wei)，農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)來源(yuan)追溯困(kun)難。
每次暴出農藥殘留問(wen)題，總(zong)會(hui)聽到要從(cong)“源頭控制、加強監管、從(cong)嚴問(wen)責”之類的(de)表態，事實上(shang)卻是說了那么多遍狠話，結果還是做(zuo)得(de)不(bu)到位。事實上(shang)，趨(qu)利避(bi)害是企(qi)業本性(xing)，僅靠企(qi)業自覺(jue)糾正(zheng)，很難做(zuo)到。問(wen)題的(de)關鍵是要看監管部(bu)門的(de)工作(zuo)責任(ren)心和工作(zuo)效(xiao)率。
首(shou)先，中國的農(nong)業生產現狀決(jue)定(ding)(ding)了基層農(nong)藥使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)混亂。目(mu)前(qian)，散(san)戶(hu)農(nong)業的生產組織化(hua)(hua)程度低、種植模式(shi)多(duo)(duo)樣，“亂用(yong)(yong)、多(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)、不按時間用(yong)(yong)”現象(xiang)普遍，并且在農(nong)藥使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)中，安(an)全間隔期是必(bi)須嚴格(ge)遵(zun)守的使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)規定(ding)(ding)。新修訂的《農(nong)藥管(guan)理條例》雖尚未正(zheng)式(shi)發布，但內部(bu)(bu)得知條例最(zui)大(da)的變化(hua)(hua)就是強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)政府(fu)責(ze)任監(jian)管(guan)，明確禁用(yong)(yong)規定(ding)(ding)，特(te)別強(qiang)調經營(ying)管(guan)理方面，要(yao)求建立經營(ying)許可制，對限用(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥實(shi)行定(ding)(ding)點經營(ying)，設(she)立進貨查驗制度、進銷臺賬制度等。在使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)上(shang)也有(you)明確要(yao)求，大(da)力支(zhi)持專業化(hua)(hua)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)農(nong)藥使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)規范。筆者認為，無論何(he)時，加(jia)強(qiang)對農(nong)藥使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)環節的技術指導和(he)監(jian)管(guan)都(dou)非常(chang)必(bi)要(yao)，政府(fu)監(jian)管(guan)部(bu)(bu)門、農(nong)技推(tui)廣(guang)部(bu)(bu)門和(he)經銷商都(dou)有(you)義務(wu)，將農(nong)藥監(jian)管(guan)進行到底(di)。
其次，國(guo)家監(jian)管(guan)農(nong)藥(yao)部門(men)的懲治力度不(bu)夠。加強對違規(gui)(gui)農(nong)藥(yao)大案(an)要案(an)查(cha)處力度的同時，也要嚴厲打(da)擊違禁農(nong)藥(yao)和常規(gui)(gui)農(nong)藥(yao)非法(fa)添加隱(yin)性成分等行(xing)為，建立農(nong)藥(yao)登記管(guan)理部門(men)、企業、經銷商(shang)三方共同承擔責任的監(jian)管(guan)模式，深入執行(xing)“黑名單”制度，一旦確定違規(gui)(gui)對象，及時在報刊、電視、網(wang)絡等媒體(ti)上曝光(guang)，擴大了農(nong)藥(yao)行(xing)政監(jian)管(guan)執法(fa)的影(ying)響(xiang)力。
最后(hou)，強(qiang)(qiang)化農(nong)藥監管的同時，各(ge)方還要(yao)增強(qiang)(qiang)安(an)全用(yong)(yong)藥意(yi)識。政府部門(men)應聯(lian)合農(nong)藥企(qi)業(ye)和(he)各(ge)級農(nong)技部門(men)，加強(qiang)(qiang)對農(nong)民、農(nong)藥經銷人員和(he)基層(ceng)農(nong)技人員的農(nong)藥安(an)全使用(yong)(yong)技術指導。要(yao)強(qiang)(qiang)調各(ge)方職責，及(ji)時向農(nong)民宣(xuan)傳科學用(yong)(yong)藥知識，企(qi)業(ye)要(yao)實實在在地宣(xuan)傳普及(ji)安(an)全用(yong)(yong)藥知識，形成(cheng)一(yi)套(tao)權責分明的體(ti)系(xi)，以確保農(nong)民安(an)全使用(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥，避免農(nong)藥殘(can)留超標(biao)再次發(fa)生。
