當前我區農作物主要(yao)病蟲(chong)害(hai)總體偏(pian)(pian)輕發生(sheng)，部分病蟲(chong)中(zhong)等(deng)偏(pian)(pian)重發生(sheng)，其(qi)中(zhong)土蝗、一代玉米(mi)螟、雙(shuang)斑螢(ying)葉(xie)(xie)甲(jia)、棉(mian)蚜、棉(mian)葉(xie)(xie)螨(man)中(zhong)等(deng)發生(sheng)，一代玉米(mi)螟在伊犁河(he)谷西部偏(pian)(pian)重發生(sheng)，雙(shuang)斑螢(ying)葉(xie)(xie)甲(jia)在博(bo)州局部玉米(mi)田(tian)偏(pian)(pian)重發生(sheng)。
一、主要病蟲害發(fa)生慨況
1 、玉米病蟲害
當前玉米處(chu)于(yu)抽雄期 - 開花期，病蟲總體中等發生(sheng)(sheng)，發生(sheng)(sheng)面積 491.56 萬畝(mu)次，其中蟲害發生(sheng)(sheng)面積 461.56 萬畝(mu)次，病害發生(sheng)(sheng)面積 30 萬畝(mu)次。
一(yi)(yi)代玉米(mi)螟中等發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積 204.87 萬畝(mu)(mu)，喀(ka)什、伊犁、昌(chang)吉(ji)已進入為一(yi)(yi)代幼(you)蟲(chong)化(hua)蛹(yong)盛期和羽化(hua)始(shi)期，塔(ta)(ta)城(cheng)、博(bo)州(zhou)(zhou)為一(yi)(yi)代玉米(mi)螟大齡幼(you)蟲(chong)危害高(gao)(gao)峰期。伊犁河(he)谷發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積 90 萬畝(mu)(mu)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)被(bei)害株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率 35% ，最高(gao)(gao) 56% ，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)百株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蟲(chong)量 32 頭(tou)，最高(gao)(gao) 112 頭(tou)；博(bo)州(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積 40 萬畝(mu)(mu)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)被(bei)害株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率 20.8% ，最高(gao)(gao) 31% ，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)百株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蟲(chong)量 26 頭(tou)，最高(gao)(gao) 34 頭(tou)；昌(chang)吉(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積 33.7 萬畝(mu)(mu)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)被(bei)害株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率 1.2% ，最高(gao)(gao) 12.4% 。塔(ta)(ta)城(cheng)地(di)區發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積 12.5 萬畝(mu)(mu)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)被(bei)害株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率 2% ，最高(gao)(gao) 5% ，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)百株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蟲(chong)量 3 頭(tou)，最高(gao)(gao) 8 頭(tou)；喀(ka)什地(di)區發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積 20.39 萬畝(mu)(mu)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)被(bei)害株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率 20% ，最高(gao)(gao) 16% ，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)百株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蟲(chong)量 15 頭(tou)，最高(gao)(gao) 16 頭(tou)。
雙(shuang)斑螢葉甲中等(deng)發生(sheng)，發生(sheng)面積 70.5 萬畝(mu)，主要發生(sheng)區在昌吉(ji)州西部(bu)、博(bo)州西部(bu)、塔(ta)城南部(bu)。博(bo)州局部(bu)偏重(zhong)發生(sheng)，有(you)蟲田率達 100% ，百(bai)株(zhu)危害株(zhu)率為 3-28% ，平均(jun)百(bai)株(zhu)有(you)蟲數(shu)為 3-740 頭，單株(zhu)有(you)蟲最高達 56 頭，發生(sheng)面積比去年有(you)所增加。
蚜蟲輕(qing)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面積 80.69 萬畝。葉(xie)螨輕(qing)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面積 60.97 萬畝。葉(xie)蟬輕(qing)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面積為 22.6 萬畝。瘤黑粉病(bing)偏輕(qing)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面積 24 萬畝。
2 、棉花病蟲害
棉花(hua)病(bing)蟲害(hai)總體偏輕(qing)發(fa)生，累計發(fa)生面積(ji) 1685.21 萬畝(mu)(mu)次，其中蟲害(hai)發(fa)生面積(ji) 1367.52 萬畝(mu)(mu)次，病(bing)害(hai)發(fa)生面積(ji) 317.69 萬畝(mu)(mu)次。
棉(mian)鈴(ling)(ling)蟲(chong)輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，累計(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji) 217.34 萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。目前為二代(dai)棉(mian)鈴(ling)(ling)蟲(chong)幼(you)蟲(chong)危害(hai)期，二代(dai)幼(you)蟲(chong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji) 134.81 萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)次(ci)，除哈密地區(qu)外，全(quan)疆大部(bu)分棉(mian)田均(jun)(jun)有發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，三(san)代(dai)幼(you)蟲(chong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji) 0.45 萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)次(ci)，主要發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)區(qu)域在(zai)吐(tu)魯番市托克遜縣。棉(mian)蚜(ya)中等發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，累計(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji) 361.63 萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)次(ci)。全(quan)疆平均(jun)(jun)蚜(ya)量 3230 頭 / 百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，最(zui)高(gao)蚜(ya)量 55397 頭 / 百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，平均(jun)(jun)卷葉株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率 3% ，最(zui)高(gao)卷葉株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率 21% 。棉(mian)薊馬(ma)偏(pian)輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，累計(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji) 452.56 萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)次(ci)，平均(jun)(jun)百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蟲(chong)量 40 頭，最(zui)高(gao) 216 頭。棉(mian)葉螨中等發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，累計(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji) 182.32 萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)次(ci)，平均(jun)(jun)蟲(chong)量 447 頭 / 百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，最(zui)高(gao)蟲(chong)量 9000 頭 / 百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。煙粉虱偏(pian)輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，累計(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji) 4.41 萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)次(ci)。棉(mian)盲蝽輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，累計(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji) 74.56 萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。棉(mian)花枯萎病(bing)輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，累計(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji) 45.92 萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)；棉(mian)花黃萎病(bing)輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，累計(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji) 77.27 萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。
3 、蝗蟲
蝗蟲累(lei)計發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 447.5 萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，其中亞洲(zhou)飛蝗輕發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，累(lei)計發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 16.8 萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝。阿勒泰地區(qu)(qu)(qu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du) 0.01 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao) 1 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡；塔城平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun) 0.01 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao) 1 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡；吐魯番平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun) 0.1 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao) 3 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡；巴州平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du) 0.1 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao) 2 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡。土蝗中等(deng)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，累(lei)計發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 430.7 萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝。博州發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 34.5 萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，農(nong)(nong)田(tian)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 5 萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)交(jiao)(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du) 3.1 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao) 18 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡。阿勒泰發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 78 萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，農(nong)(nong)田(tian)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 13 萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)交(jiao)(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du) 1 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao) 10 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡。伊犁州發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 74.2 萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，農(nong)(nong)田(tian)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 11 萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)交(jiao)(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du) 5 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao) 15 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡。昌吉州發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 73.9 萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，農(nong)(nong)田(tian)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 23.3 萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)交(jiao)(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du) 3.6 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao) 20 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡。塔城發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 94 萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，農(nong)(nong)田(tian)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 6 萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)交(jiao)(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du) 0.7 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao) 20 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡。克州農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)交(jiao)(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du) 2 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao) 7 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡。阿克蘇(su)農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)交(jiao)(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du) 3.1 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao) 5 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡。南(nan)疆巴州、喀什、和田(tian)，東疆吐魯番、哈密(mi)(mi)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)接近(jin)去年(nian)同期水平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)交(jiao)(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du) 0.2-3.6 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du) 10 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou) / ㎡。
4 、草地螟
草(cao)地(di)(di)螟(ming)偏輕發(fa)生，累(lei)計(ji)發(fa)生面積 70.6 萬畝(mu)。目前(qian)，草(cao)地(di)(di)螟(ming)為(wei)一(yi)代幼蟲(chong) 3-4 齡期，一(yi)代幼蟲(chong)發(fa)生面積 5.8 萬畝(mu)，發(fa)生期較常年偏晚 10-15 天，蟲(chong)口密(mi)度低。本(ben)周(zhou)一(yi)代幼蟲(chong)沒有新增面積，平均密(mi)度 0.2 頭 / ㎡，最高 6 頭 / ㎡。截(jie)至 7 月 21 日，阿勒(le)泰、和田(tian)地(di)(di)區(qu)一(yi)代草(cao)地(di)(di)螟(ming)發(fa)生面積分(fen)別(bie)為(wei) 1.7 萬畝(mu)、 4.1 萬畝(mu)，塔城、博州未(wei)見幼蟲(chong)為(wei)害(hai)。
二、下(xia)階段發生趨勢(shi)分(fen)析
據氣象臺(tai)部(bu)門預(yu)報： 8 月 1 日前后，伊(yi)犁河(he)谷、天(tian)山(shan)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)、南疆西部(bu)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)、阿克蘇(su)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)有微到(dao)小雨(yu)，局部(bu)有中到(dao)大(da)雨(yu)。高(gao)溫降水少(shao)有利(li)于(yu)棉(mian)鈴蟲(chong)、葉螨(man)、蚜蟲(chong)、煙粉虱、玉(yu)米(mi)螟、雙斑螢(ying)葉甲和蝗蟲(chong)等(deng)喜(xi)旱性害(hai)蟲(chong)的發生，不利(li)于(yu)蝗蟲(chong)向(xiang)農(nong)田遷移擴散。預(yu)計下階(jie)段一代玉(yu)米(mi)螟在伊(yi)犁局部(bu)偏(pian)重(zhong)(zhong)發生，雙斑螢(ying)葉甲在博州、昌吉偏(pian)重(zhong)(zhong)發生，其(qi)他病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)中等(deng)偏(pian)輕發生。各地州要(yao)確實做好(hao)棉(mian)鈴蟲(chong)、葉螨(man)、蚜蟲(chong)、玉(yu)米(mi)螟和蝗蟲(chong)等(deng)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)的監測(ce)預(yu)警與信息報送工作(zuo)，及時指導(dao)農(nong)民(min)開展防治。
（新疆(jiang)植物保護(hu)網(wang)）
