為減少因過量施用化肥造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)力下降和農(nong)業(ye)面源(yuan)污染，農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)確定(ding)(ding)了從2016年(nian)到2020年(nian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現化肥(fei)(fei)使用量(liang)零(ling)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標。一年(nian)來，從一些地(di)方的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際推(tui)進(jin)情況(kuang)看，雖然也(ye)制定(ding)(ding)了“化肥(fei)(fei)零(ling)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)”的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)動(dong)方案，但是由于缺少行(xing)之有效且(qie)強有力的(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施，實(shi)(shi)(shi)際農(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)中減少化肥(fei)(fei)施用量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)效果并不明顯(xian)。為此，筆(bi)者認為，各級政(zheng)府在(zai)推(tui)動(dong)“化肥(fei)(fei)零(ling)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)”的(de)(de)(de)工作上(shang)，要密(mi)切結合當地(di)農(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際，實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)多措(cuo)并舉(ju)，使“化肥(fei)(fei)零(ling)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)”取得實(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)效。
一是要指導農民科學施肥。從一些地(di)(di)區(qu)目前的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)肥(fei)(fei)情(qing)況看，由(you)于宣(xuan)傳(chuan)不到(dao)位，“化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)零(ling)增(zeng)長(chang)”還沒有形成氛圍，更(geng)沒有深入人心(xin)。農(nong)(nong)民(min)種地(di)(di)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)肥(fei)(fei)料時仍然憑(ping)經驗、隨大流，其(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量非旦(dan)沒有減(jian)少(shao)，反而有的(de)(de)品種肥(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量還有所增(zeng)加。對此，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)技(ji)術推(tui)廣部門要(yao)根據(ju)各(ge)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)實際，在大力宣(xuan)傳(chuan)“化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)零(ling)增(zeng)長(chang)”目的(de)(de)意義的(de)(de)同時，要(yao)強化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)術服(fu)務(wu)。要(yao)通過測土配方施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)等技(ji)術手段，科學(xue)確定主要(yao)農(nong)(nong)作物生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)合(he)理用(yong)(yong)(yong)量，從而為(wei)農(nong)(nong)民(min)提供減(jian)少(shao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量的(de)(de)重要(yao)參考數據(ju)，以(yi)此指導農(nong)(nong)民(min)科學(xue)購肥(fei)(fei)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)肥(fei)(fei)、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)和科學(xue)“減(jian)肥(fei)(fei)”。
二是要搞好實驗示范。要結合當地主要農(nong)(nong)作物(wu)生產(chan)進行(xing)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)用量(liang)(liang)的實(shi)驗(yan)示范，通(tong)過“減(jian)(jian)(jian)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)”地塊(kuai)與(yu)常規用肥(fei)(fei)(fei)地塊(kuai)進行(xing)對比，讓廣(guang)大農(nong)(nong)民在收獲(huo)中體會“減(jian)(jian)(jian)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)”實(shi)驗(yan)田、示范田的成果，真切地感受(shou)到種(zhong)地減(jian)(jian)(jian)施化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)并不減(jian)(jian)(jian)少作物(wu)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)，既能(neng)(neng)降(jiang)成本又能(neng)(neng)增效益，同時還能(neng)(neng)提升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)作物(wu)品質。用實(shi)驗(yan)示范的成果推動(dong)(dong)“化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)零(ling)(ling)增長(chang)”，使廣(guang)大農(nong)(nong)民都(dou)能(neng)(neng)夠自覺地響(xiang)應和參與(yu)“化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)零(ling)(ling)增長(chang)”的國家行(xing)動(dong)(dong)。
三是要注重政策引導。政府要(yao)在推進“化肥零(ling)增長(chang)”行(xing)動(dong)過程中出(chu)臺一定的(de)(de)(de)鼓(gu)勵(li)扶(fu)持(chi)政策，鼓(gu)勵(li)和(he)扶(fu)持(chi)種(zhong)糧大戶、農(nong)民(min)專業(ye)合作社和(he)家(jia)庭農(nong)場適時(shi)地施(shi)用有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥料(liao)及生物肥料(liao)，諸如施(shi)用有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥料(liao)和(he)新型肥料(liao)給予補貼(tie)等等，從而充分(fen)調動(dong)農(nong)民(min)參與“化肥零(ling)增長(chang)”行(xing)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)積極性，真正讓“減肥”成(cheng)為農(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)自覺行(xing)動(dong)。各地農(nong)業(ye)技術推廣部門要(yao)結合農(nong)業(ye)生產實際(ji)，重點宣傳推薦適合當(dang)地農(nong)作物生長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥料(liao)、新型肥料(liao)和(he)生物肥料(liao)，以(yi)此助推“化肥零(ling)增長(chang)”行(xing)動(dong)。
