一、2017年農作物病蟲草鼠發(fa)生(sheng)概況
2017年(nian)(nian)，全市主要農作物(wu)病(bing)蟲草鼠害呈中等偏重發生(sheng)，較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上年(nian)(nian)輕，發生(sheng)面積8889.31萬(wan)畝（次(ci)(ci)(ci)），較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上年(nian)(nian)減414.15萬(wan)畝（次(ci)(ci)(ci)），減4.45%。其主要發生(sheng)特點為：一(yi)是小麥條(tiao)銹病(bing)始見早、流行盛期提前、發病(bing)范圍(wei)大；二(er)是油菜菌核病(bing)始見與上年(nian)(nian)一(yi)致，發生(sheng)略(lve)輕于上年(nian)(nian)；三是馬鈴薯晚疫病(bing)發生(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上年(nian)(nian)偏遲(chi)、侵染代次(ci)(ci)(ci)多、侵染密度(du)大、流行蔓延快；四是遷(qian)飛性害蟲稻飛虱、稻縱卷(juan)葉(xie)螟始遷(qian)入總體較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)年(nian)(nian)偏遲(chi)，前期遷(qian)入峰次(ci)(ci)(ci)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)年(nian)(nian)略(lve)偏少，遷(qian)入蟲量較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)年(nian)(nian)偏少。
二(er)、2018年農(nong)作(zuo)物病蟲草鼠(shu)害發(fa)生趨勢
根據我(wo)市歷(li)年(nian)病(bing)蟲草鼠害(hai)發生(sheng)情況、作物品種(zhong)布局(ju)、耕作制度(du)、天氣(qi)預(yu)報等因素進行初步分(fen)析，預(yu)計(ji)：2018年(nian)主要農作物病(bing)蟲草鼠害(hai)發生(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)為4級，發生(sheng)面積(ji)9000萬畝（次）左右。其中：
1、水稻病蟲
預(yu)(yu)計(ji)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)為4級(ji)(ji)，發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積2300萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)（次(ci)(ci)）左(zuo)右(you)(you)。其(qi)中：二化螟發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)為4級(ji)(ji)，預(yu)(yu)計(ji)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積780萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)（次(ci)(ci)）左(zuo)右(you)(you)。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)飛虱總(zong)體發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)4級(ji)(ji)，其(qi)中渝(yu)西部(bu)(bu)(bu)1-2級(ji)(ji)，渝(yu)中部(bu)(bu)(bu)及渝(yu)東北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)3-4級(ji)(ji)，渝(yu)南部(bu)(bu)(bu)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)為4-5級(ji)(ji)，預(yu)(yu)計(ji)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積約420萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)（次(ci)(ci)）左(zuo)右(you)(you)。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)縱(zong)卷葉螟發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)為3級(ji)(ji)，局部(bu)(bu)(bu)地區(qu)4-5級(ji)(ji)，預(yu)(yu)計(ji)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積200萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)（次(ci)(ci)）左(zuo)右(you)(you)，發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)區(qu)域(yu)主要為渝(yu)南、渝(yu)中及渝(yu)東北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)地區(qu)。水稻(dao)(dao)(dao)紋枯病(bing)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)為4級(ji)(ji)，預(yu)(yu)計(ji)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積420萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)（次(ci)(ci)）左(zuo)右(you)(you)。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟病(bing)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)為2級(ji)(ji)，老病(bing)區(qu)、常發(fa)病(bing)區(qu)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)為3-4級(ji)(ji)，預(yu)(yu)計(ji)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積120萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)（次(ci)(ci)）左(zuo)右(you)(you)。其(qi)它病(bing)蟲(chong)如稻(dao)(dao)(dao)赤斑黑(hei)沫蟬、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)稈潛蠅、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)蝗(huang)、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)曲(qu)病(bing)等在(zai)局部(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)域(yu)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。
2、玉米病蟲
預(yu)計(ji)總體發生程(cheng)度為(wei)3級(ji)，以(yi)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)螟(ming)、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)紋(wen)(wen)枯病(bing)、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)大小斑病(bing)為(wei)主，發生面(mian)積(ji)800萬(wan)(wan)畝（次）左右(you)(you)。其中：玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)螟(ming)發生程(cheng)度為(wei)3級(ji)，局(ju)部(bu)(bu)4級(ji)，發生面(mian)積(ji)240萬(wan)(wan)畝（次）左右(you)(you)；玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)紋(wen)(wen)枯病(bing)發生程(cheng)度為(wei)3級(ji)，局(ju)部(bu)(bu)4級(ji)，發生面(mian)積(ji)300萬(wan)(wan)畝（次）左右(you)(you)。
3、小麥病蟲
預計總體發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)為3級(ji)，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)200萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)（次）左(zuo)右(you)(you)。其中：條銹病(bing)預計發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)為3級(ji)，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)40萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)（次）左(zuo)右(you)(you)。小麥赤(chi)霉病(bing)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)為3級(ji)，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)30萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)（次）左(zuo)右(you)(you)。白粉病(bing)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)為2級(ji)，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)30萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)（次）左(zuo)右(you)(you)。紋(wen)枯病(bing)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)為3級(ji)，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)40萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)（次）左(zuo)右(you)(you)。小麥蚜蟲發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)為3級(ji)，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)35萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)（次）左(zuo)右(you)(you)。
4、油菜病蟲
預計(ji)發生(sheng)程度為(wei)(wei)3級，以菌核病(bing)、霜(shuang)霉病(bing)、蚜(ya)蟲(chong)為(wei)(wei)主，預計(ji)發生(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)350萬畝(mu)（次(ci)）左右。其中菌核病(bing)3級，局部(bu)4級，發生(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)120萬畝(mu)（次(ci)）左右；油菜(cai)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)3級，發生(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)100萬畝(mu)（次(ci)）。
5、馬鈴薯病蟲
預(yu)計發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)程度(du)為(wei)4級(ji)，局部區域5級(ji)，預(yu)計發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)350萬(wan)畝（次）左(zuo)右。其中晚(wan)疫病發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)210萬(wan)畝（次）左(zuo)右，主(zhu)要在我市開縣、云陽(yang)、巫溪(xi)、巫山、萬(wan)州等(deng)14個馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)主(zhu)產(chan)區縣發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。
6、蔬菜病蟲
預計發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)3級(ji)(ji)，局部區(qu)域4級(ji)(ji)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)1100萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)（次）左(zuo)右。其中：蚜蟲發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)3-4級(ji)(ji)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)150萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)（次）左(zuo)右；菜(cai)(cai)青(qing)蟲、小菜(cai)(cai)蛾(e)混(hun)合發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)3級(ji)(ji)，局部4級(ji)(ji)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)合計180萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)（次）左(zuo)右；夜蛾(e)科害蟲發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)3級(ji)(ji)，局部4級(ji)(ji)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)60萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)（次）左(zuo)右；豆(dou)莢野螟(ming)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)3級(ji)(ji)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)40萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)（次）左(zuo)右；螨(man)類（紅蜘蛛和(he)茶黃螨(man)）發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)3級(ji)(ji)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)50萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)（次）左(zuo)右；霜(shuang)霉(mei)(mei)病(bing)(bing)（以黃瓜霜(shuang)霉(mei)(mei)病(bing)(bing)和(he)白菜(cai)(cai)霜(shuang)霉(mei)(mei)病(bing)(bing)為主）發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)3級(ji)(ji)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)80萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)（次）左(zuo)右；疫病(bing)(bing)（番茄(qie)早晚疫病(bing)(bing)、辣(la)椒(jiao)疫病(bing)(bing)等(deng)）發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)4級(ji)(ji)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)80萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)（次）左(zuo)右；十字花科蔬菜(cai)(cai)黑腐(fu)病(bing)(bing)、軟腐(fu)病(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)2級(ji)(ji)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)25萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)（次）左(zuo)右；其他(ta)病(bing)(bing)蟲害（斑潛蠅、煙青(qing)蟲、苗期病(bing)(bing)害等(deng)）發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)2級(ji)(ji)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)100萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)（次）左(zuo)右。
7、柑桔病蟲
預計發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)為3級(ji)，局部4級(ji)，以(yi)紅黃蜘蛛、矢(shi)尖蚧、潛葉蛾(e)、黑(hei)刺粉虱、黑(hei)星病等病蟲為主(zhu)，局部地區發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)可達5級(ji)，發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)720萬(wan)畝（次(ci)）左(zuo)右(you)(you)。其中，紅黃蜘蛛發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)3級(ji)，局部4級(ji)，發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)260萬(wan)畝（次(ci)）左(zuo)右(you)(you)；柑桔潛葉蛾(e)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)3-4級(ji)，發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)90萬(wan)畝（次(ci)）左(zuo)右(you)(you)。
8、農田鼠害
預計發生程度2級，發生面(mian)積950萬畝(mu)。
9、農田雜草
預(yu)計發(fa)(fa)生程度3級，發(fa)(fa)生面積1800萬(wan)畝(mu)。
