自2015年起，云南全面啟動實施“化肥農藥使用(yong)量零增長(chang)行動”，經過3年努力，提(ti)前實現了農(nong)業部提(ti)出的(de)到2020年化肥農(nong)藥使用(yong)量零增長(chang)的(de)目標任(ren)務。
據統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計，2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)云南農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使用折(zhe)百(bai)量比(bi)2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)減(jian)少(shao)0.14萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)，2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)較2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)減(jian)少(shao)0.03萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)，2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)較2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)減(jian)少(shao)10%，3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均減(jian)少(shao)3.3%，連(lian)續3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)實(shi)現(xian)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使用量負(fu)增長(chang)。“騰(teng)沖市(shi)1.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)區，通過‘四誘’技(ji)術(shu)防(fang)治蟲害(hai)，去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)共計增產(chan)401萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤，節約農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)成本(ben)及工時費用312.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)元(yuan)。”云南省(sheng)植保植檢站(zhan)負(fu)責人李永川(chuan)說(shuo)，騰(teng)沖市(shi)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)區是云南農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)減(jian)量增效(xiao)助(zhu)農(nong)增收的(de)(de)案例之(zhi)一。陸良縣(xian)圍繞高(gao)原特(te)色農(nong)業，推(tui)行大(da)面積農(nong)作(zuo)物病(bing)蟲害(hai)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)防(fang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)治與綠色防(fang)控融合(he)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)應用，在(zai)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)病(bing)蟲害(hai)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)防(fang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)治核心(xin)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)區，稻(dao)飛虱、稻(dao)瘟病(bing)防(fang)效(xiao)分(fen)別(bie)達91.2%、87.4%，與農(nong)戶自防(fang)相比(bi)減(jian)少(shao)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使用2次，每畝(mu)(mu)可節約農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)成本(ben)70元(yuan)。2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，該縣(xian)開展(zhan)以(yi)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)稻(dao)飛虱、玉(yu)米銹病(bing)、粘(zhan)蟲、秋馬鈴薯(shu)晚疫病(bing)為主的(de)(de)病(bing)蟲害(hai)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)防(fang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)治與綠色防(fang)控融合(he)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)，已創(chuang)建核心(xin)樣板2.32萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，輻射帶動完成全(quan)縣(xian)綠色防(fang)控與統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)防(fang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)治融合(he)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)11.7萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)。保山市(shi)在(zai)油菜、蠶豆、麥類、玉(yu)米和蔬菜5種(zhong)(zhong)主要農(nong)作(zuo)物上(shang)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)推(tui)廣蚜(ya)繭蜂，創(chuang)建了蚜(ya)繭蜂保種(zhong)(zhong)馴化技(ji)術(shu)、高(gao)密(mi)度飼養(yang)混合(he)繁育釋放(fang)技(ji)術(shu)及在(zai)農(nong)作(zuo)物上(shang)的(de)(de)推(tui)廣模式。3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來，保山市(shi)累(lei)計推(tui)廣250.6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，防(fang)效(xiao)45%~75%；累(lei)計減(jian)少(shao)化學農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使用142.83噸(dun)(dun)，節約防(fang)治成本(ben)0.79億(yi)元(yuan)，挽回經濟損失2.7億(yi)元(yuan)。
在“化肥使用量零增長”行動中，不斷創新具有云南特色的化肥減量增效技術模式。全省化肥使用結構比例明顯優化，氮磷肥比重降(jiang)低，施肥(fei)(fei)總量增(zeng)速和(he)施肥(fei)(fei)強(qiang)度出現雙減的良好態勢。“如(ru)何把科(ke)學、精準的配(pei)(pei)(pei)方(fang)(fang)肥(fei)(fei)送到田間地頭，達(da)到助農(nong)增(zeng)產(chan)增(zeng)收目標，是‘化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)使用量零增(zeng)長’行(xing)動(dong)的落(luo)腳點。目前，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)南已建(jian)(jian)成智(zhi)能化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)微(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)140個(ge)，平(ping)均每個(ge)生產(chan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)方(fang)(fang)肥(fei)(fei)206噸，共計推廣智(zhi)能配(pei)(pei)(pei)方(fang)(fang)肥(fei)(fei)28840噸，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)南智(zhi)能化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)微(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)已邁入(ru)全國(guo)先進行(xing)列。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)南省土壤肥(fei)(fei)料工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)站(zhan)(zhan)負責(ze)人劉友林說，3年(nian)來，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)南積極探索推進智(zhi)能配(pei)(pei)(pei)肥(fei)(fei)中(zhong)(zhong)心（站(zhan)(zhan)）建(jian)(jian)設(she)，通過農(nong)企合作(zuo)，大力支持(chi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)天化(hua)農(nong)業科(ke)技有限公司(si)、云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)南國(guo)農(nong)測(ce)土配(pei)(pei)(pei)方(fang)(fang)施肥(fei)(fei)有限公司(si)等企業開(kai)展小型(xing)智(zhi)能配(pei)(pei)(pei)肥(fei)(fei)中(zhong)(zhong)心（微(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)、站(zhan)(zhan)）建(jian)(jian)設(she)，目前已在10個(ge)州(zhou)市建(jian)(jian)立了300余(yu)個(ge)小型(xing)配(pei)(pei)(pei)肥(fei)(fei)中(zhong)(zhong)心，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，微(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)140個(ge)、配(pei)(pei)(pei)肥(fei)(fei)站(zhan)(zhan)35個(ge)、液(ye)體(ti)加肥(fei)(fei)站(zhan)(zhan)160個(ge)，有效促(cu)進了技物結(jie)合，有效解決了配(pei)(pei)(pei)方(fang)(fang)肥(fei)(fei)應用進村入(ru)戶“最(zui)后一公里”的難題。
與此同時，云(yun)南大力推進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)示范區建(jian)設，依(yi)托農(nong)(nong)(nong)企(qi)新型主體(ti)(ti)和(he)中低產田地(di)改造(zao)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業部旱作(zuo)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)等項(xiang)目，在蔬菜(cai)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)果、花(hua)卉、中藥材等經濟作(zuo)物上示范推廣集雨補灌、膜下滴灌、噴滴灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等技(ji)術，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業高(gao)效(xiao)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)積(ji)達(da)到(dao)了(le)230萬畝(mu)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)面(mian)積(ji)突破150萬畝(mu)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)術示范已(yi)進(jin)入全國先進(jin)行(xing)列。其中，瀘西縣建(jian)設了(le)1500畝(mu)外銷蔬菜(cai)基地(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)術示范區，取得了(le)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)40%、節(jie)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)10%、增產6.7%、畝(mu)節(jie)本增效(xiao)500元的(de)(de)效(xiao)益。此外，由(you)科研(yan)院所、高(gao)校、企(qi)業等20多(duo)家單位于2016年共同發起成(cheng)立的(de)(de)“云(yun)南省高(gao)原(yuan)特色農(nong)(nong)(nong)業科學施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)產業技(ji)術創新戰略聯盟”，解(jie)決了(le)高(gao)原(yuan)特色農(nong)(nong)(nong)業科學施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)技(ji)術領域的(de)(de)共性關鍵技(ji)術問題。
