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    種子打假

    執法缺少權威性

    昆明市呈(cheng)貢(gong)縣(xian)(xian)是(shi)云南省的(de)(de)(de)花卉(hui)及蔬菜(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植大(da)縣(xian)(xian)，呈(cheng)貢(gong)縣(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子站是(shi)縣(xian)(xian)農(nong)業(ye)局(ju)(ju)委(wei)托的(de)(de)(de)執(zhi)(zhi)法部門(men)。如(ru)今(jin)呈(cheng)貢(gong)的(de)(de)(de)１１０余(yu)家(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子經營(ying)戶(hu)已相繼取得了種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子經營(ying)許(xu)可證，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子經營(ying)已逐步(bu)規范起(qi)來(lai)。但(dan)在利益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)驅使(shi)下，仍然(ran)有假(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子出現。據呈(cheng)貢(gong)縣(xian)(xian)農(nong)業(ye)局(ju)(ju)有關人士介紹，《種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子法》規定(ding)，農(nong)業(ye)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)主(zhu)管部門(men)是(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)執(zhi)(zhi)法部門(men)，可以(yi)依(yi)(yi)法進行(xing)(xing)現場檢查。另(ling)外，違反規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)，農(nong)業(ye)、林(lin)業(ye)或(huo)工(gong)商部門(men)也可以(yi)依(yi)(yi)法對違法的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)進行(xing)(xing)諸如(ru)責令改正、罰款、吊銷(xiao)營(ying)業(ye)執(zhi)(zhi)照等處罰。但(dan)法規并沒(mei)細化農(nong)業(ye)部門(men)可執(zhi)(zhi)法的(de)(de)(de)具體內(nei)容。而工(gong)商行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)管理部門(men)雖然(ran)在打擊(ji)假(jia)冒(mao)偽(wei)劣方面頗具一定(ding)權威，但(dan)由于現行(xing)(xing)法律法規條款中(zhong)賦予工(gong)商部門(men)在種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子管理方面權限太(tai)小，使(shi)其難以(yi)發揮重(zhong)要作用。

    缺(que)乏資金

    種子鑒(jian)定遭遇尷尬

    昆明(ming)市(shi)呈(cheng)貢縣(xian)是(shi)(shi)花卉、蔬菜產業(ye)基地，因此對種(zhong)(zhong)子、種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)的(de)(de)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)歷來很(hen)重視。２００３年(nian)農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)發布的(de)(de)《農(nong)作物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)子質量糾紛田(tian)間現(xian)場鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)》成了縣(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)子站開(kai)展(zhan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)依據。目前，呈(cheng)貢縣(xian)是(shi)(shi)全省(sheng)第(di)一家(jia)開(kai)展(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)子、種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)田(tian)間鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)縣(xian)。然而(er)讓種(zhong)(zhong)子站感到為難(nan)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)《農(nong)作物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)子質量糾紛田(tian)間現(xian)場鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)》中(zhong)，有(you)(you)(you)關于(yu)'申請(qing)(qing)(qing)現(xian)場鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，應按照省(sheng)級有(you)(you)(you)關主管(guan)部(bu)門規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)交納鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)費'的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。而(er)對于(yu)收取多少(shao)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)費，云南省(sheng)目前卻沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)做出(chu)明(ming)文規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。資金的(de)(de)欠缺在(zai)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)程度上阻(zu)礙了鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)開(kai)展(zhan)，同時也打擊了農(nong)民維權的(de)(de)積(ji)極性。在(zai)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)時必須有(you)(you)(you)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)高級專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)技術職稱(cheng)、具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)專(zhuan)(zhuan)門知識和實際工作經驗專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)的(de)(de)參與(yu)，而(er)請(qing)(qing)(qing)這些專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)來需要付出(chu)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)費用。在(zai)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)財政的(de)(de)支(zhi)持下(xia)，在(zai)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)標(biao)準參照下(xia)，鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)部(bu)門只能向申請(qing)(qing)(qing)人收取剛好(hao)夠(gou)付成本(ben)的(de)(de)費用。由此，也就引發了開(kai)出(chu)的(de)(de)費用低了，請(qing)(qing)(qing)不到專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)來鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)；農(nong)民碰到問題(ti)需鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)時，一聽(ting)到要交鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)費，就情愿(yuan)自認(ren)倒霉不再追(zhui)究(jiu)，最終導致(zhi)農(nong)民的(de)(de)威權問題(ti)得(de)不到解(jie)決。

    維護(hu)自身權(quan)益(yi)

    還需補上農業生產(chan)技術知識(shi)

    現如今(jin)，呈貢的(de)(de)花(hua)農(nong)(nong)、菜(cai)農(nong)(nong)們(men)運用法律維護自身(shen)權益(yi)的(de)(de)意(yi)識(shi)(shi)越來(lai)(lai)越強(qiang)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)發(fa)覺自家(jia)的(de)(de)花(hua)苗(miao)、菜(cai)苗(miao)出(chu)(chu)現問(wen)題，他(ta)們(men)馬(ma)上就(jiu)會聯想到(dao)(dao)(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)買到(dao)(dao)(dao)了假種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，從而到(dao)(dao)(dao)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)站(zhan)投(tou)訴經(jing)(jing)銷商。可許多事例卻(que)證(zheng)明，花(hua)、菜(cai)種(zhong)不(bu)好的(de)(de)原(yuan)因并(bing)不(bu)只是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)買到(dao)(dao)(dao)了假種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，也與花(hua)農(nong)(nong)、菜(cai)農(nong)(nong)種(zhong)植知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)欠(qian)缺有(you)關。有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)花(hua)農(nong)(nong)在今(jin)年２月份購買了一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)花(hua)菊兒的(de)(de)花(hua)種(zhong)進行(xing)栽種(zhong)，可隨著時間的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)天(tian)過去(qu)，卻(que)始終未見花(hua)種(zhong)發(fa)芽。花(hua)農(nong)(nong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氣之(zhi)下就(jiu)以(yi)買到(dao)(dao)(dao)假種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)由，找經(jing)(jing)銷商索賠(pei)(pei)。經(jing)(jing)過很(hen)長時間調查，最(zui)終的(de)(de)裁(cai)決(jue)是(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)農(nong)(nong)自己承當損(sun)失。原(yuan)因是(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)花(hua)栽培溫度必須保持在２２～３０℃之(zhi)間的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。還有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)菜(cai)農(nong)(nong)買了紅辣(la)椒(jiao)的(de)(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)回家(jia)栽種(zhong)，當辣(la)椒(jiao)結(jie)果后他(ta)到(dao)(dao)(dao)經(jing)(jing)銷商處要(yao)(yao)求賠(pei)(pei)償。理由是(shi)(shi)(shi)所結(jie)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)辣(la)椒(jiao)不(bu)但不(bu)紅，而且形狀也不(bu)好，肯定是(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)有(you)問(wen)題。有(you)趣的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，就(jiu)在這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個時候(hou)，另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個栽種(zhong)同(tong)品種(zhong)辣(la)椒(jiao)的(de)(de)菜(cai)農(nong)(nong)也來(lai)(lai)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了經(jing)(jing)銷商處，專程來(lai)(lai)道(dao)謝(xie)的(de)(de)。因為(wei)(wei)他(ta)種(zhong)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)辣(la)椒(jiao)又大又紅，賣了好價錢(qian)。種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣結(jie)果卻(que)不(bu)同(tong)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)又是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)何(he)呢？仔細一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)問(wen)才知(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)辣(la)椒(jiao)在結(jie)果之(zhi)前是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)進行(xing)打枝(zhi)的(de)(de)。看來(lai)(lai)，花(hua)農(nong)(nong)、菜(cai)農(nong)(nong)們(men)不(bu)僅要(yao)(yao)有(you)自我保護的(de)(de)法律意(yi)識(shi)(shi)，還要(yao)(yao)補上農(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)技術知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)欠(qian)缺這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)課。