據(ju)各測報站(zhan)監測,從3月(yue)中旬農田蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)蟲出土以(yi)來(lai),各蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)土蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)和亞洲(zhou)飛(fei)蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)陸續進入了蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)蝻發生(sheng)為害期。截止目(mu)前,據(ju)各主要蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)統(tong)計(ji),農區(qu)(qu)(qu)蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)蟲發生(sheng)面積334.5萬畝,土蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)較(jiao)亞洲(zhou)飛(fei)蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)發生(sheng)偏早、偏重,在伊犁州察布查爾縣出現(xian)1707頭/M2的高密(mi)度點片。
一、出土情況
3月份中旬(xun)起至4月下(xia)旬(xun),全(quan)疆(jiang)各地氣(qi)溫升幅較大(da),各地旬(xun)均溫較同(tong)期均溫偏高,氣(qi)候條件(jian)(jian)給蝗(huang)蝻的(de)出土發(fa)育提(ti)供了有利條件(jian)(jian),亞洲飛蝗(huang)3月25日(ri)在(zai)伊犁(li)州(zhou)尼勒(le)克(ke)(ke)縣(xian)(xian)出土以(yi)來,截(jie)至到5月11日(ri)在(zai)博(bo)州(zhou)精河縣(xian)(xian)和博(bo)樂(le)市出土,各地普遍(bian)較去年早5-7天(tian);土蝗(huang)出土始期除尼勒(le)克(ke)(ke)縣(xian)(xian)、拜城縣(xian)(xian)在(zai)3月中旬(xun)以(yi)外,大(da)部(bu)分蝗(huang)區(qu)集中在(zai)4月中下(xia)旬(xun)出土,較去年早3-15天(tian)。
二、當前發生情況
據各測報站5月31日(ri)-6月5日(ri)調查(cha),目前農區(qu)蝗(huang)蟲發(fa)生面積達334.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),其中(zhong)亞(ya)洲飛蝗(huang)發(fa)生面積71.3萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),土蝗(huang)發(fa)生面積263.2萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。
(一)亞洲飛蝗
亞洲飛蝗在農田發生面積8.7萬畝(mu),在農牧交錯地帶發生面積62.6萬畝(mu),各(ge)主要蝗區發生情況如下(xia):
阿勒(le)泰地(di)(di)區農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)3.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ;農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧交(jiao)(jiao)錯地(di)(di)帶發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)6萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.8頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,蝗(huang)(huang)蝻(nan)1齡(ling)、2齡(ling)、3齡(ling)分別(bie)占46%、38%、16%。博州(zhou)農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧交(jiao)(jiao)錯地(di)(di)帶發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)40萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)低,蝗(huang)(huang)蝻(nan)以(yi)1、2齡(ling)為(wei)主(zhu)。伊犁州(zhou)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)0.7萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3.6頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)7頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ;農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧交(jiao)(jiao)錯地(di)(di)帶發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)8.4萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)4.3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)300頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,蝗(huang)(huang)蝻(nan)以(yi)3齡(ling)為(wei)主(zhu)。哈密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)地(di)(di)區農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)3.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ;農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧交(jiao)(jiao)錯地(di)(di)帶發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.8頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,出現(xian)成蟲。巴(ba)州(zhou)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)0.3萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ;農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧交(jiao)(jiao)錯地(di)(di)帶發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)2萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.8頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,蝗(huang)(huang)蝻(nan)以(yi)2齡(ling)為(wei)主(zhu)。克(ke)州(zhou)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)0.7萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ;農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧交(jiao)(jiao)錯地(di)(di)帶發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)1.2萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.7頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2。
(二)土蝗
土蝗在農田發(fa)(fa)生面(mian)(mian)積(ji)43.2萬(wan)畝(mu),在農牧交錯地發(fa)(fa)生面(mian)(mian)積(ji)220萬(wan)畝(mu),各主要蝗區發(fa)(fa)生情(qing)況如下:
阿勒泰地區農(nong)(nong)田發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)20萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ;農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)交錯(cuo)地帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)8.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)16頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,蝗(huang)蝻(nan)(nan)以2齡(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。塔城地區農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)交錯(cuo)地帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)50萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)11頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,蝗(huang)蝻(nan)(nan)多為(wei)(wei)1-3齡(ling)(ling),約占65%左右(you)。博州農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)交錯(cuo)地帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)30萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)9.7頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)26.1頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,蝗(huang)蝻(nan)(nan)和成(cheng)蟲混(hun)合(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。伊犁州農(nong)(nong)田發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)2.18萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),出(chu)現高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)點片(pian),最(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1707頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ;農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)交錯(cuo)地帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)30.01萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),出(chu)現高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)點片(pian),最(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)500頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,蝗(huang)蝻(nan)(nan)以3齡(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),出(chu)現成(cheng)蟲。昌吉州農(nong)(nong)田發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)0.27頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)2.1頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ;農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)交錯(cuo)地帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)80萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3.14頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)12頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2 ,蝗(huang)蝻(nan)(nan)和成(cheng)蟲混(hun)合(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng),蝗(huang)蝻(nan)(nan)以4齡(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),比(bi)例占到38.8%。哈密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)地區農(nong)(nong)田發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1.5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/ M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/ M2 ;農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)交錯(cuo)地帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)20萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/ M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)6頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/ M2 ,成(cheng)蟲比(bi)率(lv)占到13.3%。克州農(nong)(nong)田發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1.02萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1.5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/ M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/M2;農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)交錯(cuo)地帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1.2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/ M2,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)6頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/ M2,蝗(huang)蝻(nan)(nan)和成(cheng)蟲混(hun)合(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。
三、趨勢分析
進(jin)入5月份(fen)以來,冷空氣活(huo)動明顯多(duo)(duo)于4月,尤其是北(bei)疆(jiang)(jiang)降(jiang)水(shui)天(tian)氣頻(pin)繁,塔(ta)城(cheng)(cheng)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、博(bo)州局部降(jiang)雨日(ri)數達(da)到12天(tian)以上,低溫寡照多(duo)(duo)雨使(shi)蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)蝻發育(yu)(yu)歷(li)期(qi)(qi)偏(pian)長。據(ju)新疆(jiang)(jiang)氣象部門(men)分(fen)析,全(quan)疆(jiang)(jiang)6月份(fen)大部分(fen)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)偏(pian)高(gao),降(jiang)水(shui)量北(bei)疆(jiang)(jiang)大部分(fen)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)偏(pian)少,南疆(jiang)(jiang)除西(xi)部偏(pian)多(duo)(duo)外(wai),其它大部分(fen)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)偏(pian)少。隨(sui)著目前氣溫不斷回升,各(ge)蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)蟲(chong)進(jin)一步(bu)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長發育(yu)(yu),蟲(chong)口密度(du)(du)不斷增加。預計亞(ya)洲飛蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)將中(zhong)度(du)(du)發生(sheng)(sheng),北(bei)疆(jiang)(jiang)阿勒泰地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、塔(ta)城(cheng)(cheng)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、博(bo)州、昌吉(ji)州等(deng)地(di)在6月中(zhong)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)進(jin)入蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)蝻為害高(gao)峰期(qi)(qi),東疆(jiang)(jiang)、南疆(jiang)(jiang)及(ji)北(bei)疆(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)伊犁(li)局部在6月下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)將出現亞(ya)洲飛蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)成蟲(chong);預計土蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)將中(zhong)度(du)(du)偏(pian)重發生(sheng)(sheng),各(ge)蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)在6月中(zhong)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)將陸續進(jin)入成蟲(chong)為害高(gao)峰期(qi)(qi),塔(ta)城(cheng)(cheng)、博(bo)州、阿勒泰、伊犁(li)州、昌吉(ji)州、阿克蘇等(deng)地(di)局部將發生(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)密度(du)(du)點(dian)片。
來源:新疆植保站
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