6月20-21日全(quan)省(sheng)下半(ban)年(nian)農作物病(bing)蟲害發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)趨(qu)勢(shi)會(hui)商會(hui)在仙桃市(shi)召開,根(gen)據(ju)各(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域監(jian)測(ce)站(zhan)調查(cha)的病(bing)蟲發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)基數,結合歷史資料、耕(geng)作制度、品種布局、作物長勢(shi)和(he)氣象(xiang)條件等因素綜(zong)合分(fen)析,預計下半(ban)年(nian)我省(sheng)農作物病(bing)蟲害總體呈偏(pian)(pian)重發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)趨(qu)勢(shi),其中主害代稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛虱、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)縱卷葉螟(ming),中、晚稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)紋(wen)枯病(bing)大發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng);二化(hua)螟(ming)、山區(qu)(qu)(qu)常發(fa)(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟病(bing)、優(you)質稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)曲(qu)病(bing)、棉花枯黃萎病(bing)、盲蝽象(xiang)等病(bing)蟲害中等偏(pian)(pian)重發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),部(bu)分(fen)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)的稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛虱、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)縱卷葉螟(ming)和(he)部(bu)分(fen)優(you)質稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)上的稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟病(bing)、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)曲(qu)病(bing)將有暴發(fa)(fa)成災(zai)的風(feng)險(xian)。
一、水稻病蟲
1、稻飛虱(shi)、稻縱卷葉螟
預計(ji)第二代稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)鄂(e)(e)(e)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)區5級(ji)(ji),其(qi)它(ta)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)區3級(ji)(ji),鄂(e)(e)(e)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原早稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)區局部(bu)4級(ji)(ji);三(san)、四、五代稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)4-5級(ji)(ji),鄂(e)(e)(e)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、鄂(e)(e)(e)北(bei)、江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原重發(fa)時間(jian)比(bi)近幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)(you)所推遲;預計(ji)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)縱卷(juan)(juan)(juan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)螟(ming)(ming)在(zai)鄂(e)(e)(e)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)區大(da)暴發(fa),在(zai)江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原、鄂(e)(e)(e)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、鄂(e)(e)(e)北(bei)4-5級(ji)(ji)發(fa)生(sheng)。主要依(yi)據:(1)鄂(e)(e)(e)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)入(ru)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)大(da),田間(jian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)。從5月(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)開(kai)始(shi),鄂(e)(e)(e)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)燈(deng)(deng)下(xia)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)縱卷(juan)(juan)(juan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)螟(ming)(ming)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)激增(zeng)。截止于(yu)(yu)6月(yue)15日,宣恩燈(deng)(deng)下(xia)白背飛(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)累計(ji)總蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)達10705頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),是(shi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)同期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)14.5倍;稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)縱卷(juan)(juan)(juan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)螟(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)下(xia)累計(ji)蛾量(liang)(liang)超過(guo)3000頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),遠高(gao)于(yu)(yu)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(大(da)發(fa)生(sheng))同期(qi)(qi)(qi)蛾量(liang)(liang)。6月(yue)上(shang)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)鄂(e)(e)(e)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)區田間(jian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)上(shang)升快(kuai),宣恩、咸豐(feng)、來鳳(feng)、建(jian)始(shi)大(da)部(bu)田塊稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)已超過(guo)1500頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)防治指標,是(shi)歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)同期(qi)(qi)(qi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)最(zui)高(gao)的(de)一年(nian)(nian)(nian);宣恩稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)縱卷(juan)(juan)(juan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)螟(ming)(ming)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)百蔸(dou)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)628頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),最(zui)高(gao)1600頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)百蔸(dou)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)苞(bao)472.4個,最(zui)高(gao)達736個。(2)鄂(e)(e)(e)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原、鄂(e)(e)(e)北(bei)“兩遷(qian)(qian)(qian)”害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)入(ru)較(jiao)(jiao)晚,田間(jian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)低。鄂(e)(e)(e)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原、鄂(e)(e)(e)北(bei)5月(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)燈(deng)(deng)下(xia)見(jian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),見(jian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)時間(jian)比(bi)常年(nian)(nian)(nian)偏遲10-20天,6月(yue)上(shang)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)調查(cha),鄂(e)(e)(e)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原、鄂(e)(e)(e)北(bei)大(da)部(bu)市(shi)縣稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)百蔸(dou)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)50-300頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),略(lve)低于(yu)(yu)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)同期(qi)(qi)(qi);稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)縱卷(juan)(juan)(juan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)螟(ming)(ming)6月(yue)上(shang)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)趕蛾,鄂(e)(e)(e)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、鄂(e)(e)(e)北(bei)、江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)畝蛾量(liang)(liang)0-100頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),最(zui)高(gao)達540頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)均(jun)(jun)(jun)比(bi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)同期(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)所減少,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)百蔸(dou)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)苞(bao)1.59個,比(bi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)同期(qi)(qi)(qi)減少61.2%。(3)近期(qi)(qi)(qi)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出現明(ming)顯遷(qian)(qian)(qian)入(ru)峰,褐(he)(he)(he)飛(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)例高(gao),對水稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)中(zhong)后期(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)產影響較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)。據全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)監測(ce)點監測(ce),6月(yue)12-13日燈(deng)(deng)下(xia)出現明(ming)顯遷(qian)(qian)(qian)入(ru)峰:武穴單燈(deng)(deng)誘蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)162頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),其(qi)中(zhong)褐(he)(he)(he)飛(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)150頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),占92.5%;曾都誘蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)261頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),其(qi)中(zhong)褐(he)(he)(he)飛(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)251頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),占96.1%;通(tong)城誘蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)18頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),其(qi)中(zhong)褐(he)(he)(he)飛(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)4頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),占22.2%;監利(li)(li)誘蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)19頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),其(qi)中(zhong)褐(he)(he)(he)飛(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)7頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),占36.8%。(4)南(nan)(nan)(nan)方稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)區蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)源豐(feng)富。據廣西(xi)(xi)、云南(nan)(nan)(nan)植保站近期(qi)(qi)(qi)調查(cha),田間(jian)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)縱卷(juan)(juan)(juan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)螟(ming)(ming)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)高(gao),發(fa)生(sheng)重,將為我省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)提供較(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)外地(di)(di)(di)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)源。(5)據天氣預報,梅雨期(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)均(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)集中(zhong)降雨過(guo)程,將有(you)(you)(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)“兩遷(qian)(qian)(qian)”害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)入(ru)與為害(hai)(hai)。
2、二化螟
預(yu)計二(er)代(dai)二(er)化螟全省大(da)部(bu)發(fa)生(sheng)程度(du)為(wei)4級(ji),局部(bu)5級(ji),鄂(e)西南(nan)2級(ji)。三代(dai)二(er)化螟在江(jiang)(jiang)漢平(ping)原(yuan)、鄂(e)東(dong)南(nan)、鄂(e)東(dong)沿江(jiang)(jiang)稻區(qu)(qu)(qu)發(fa)生(sheng)程度(du)4級(ji)。二(er)代(dai)卵孵盛期(qi)南(nan)部(bu)稻區(qu)(qu)(qu)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)5日至7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)25日,北(bei)部(bu)稻區(qu)(qu)(qu)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)20日至8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)10日。主要(yao)依據:(1)一(yi)(yi)代(dai)二(er)化螟發(fa)生(sheng)較(jiao)重,基(ji)數(shu)(shu)較(jiao)高。據鄂(e)東(dong)和江(jiang)(jiang)漢平(ping)原(yuan)早稻區(qu)(qu)(qu)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬調(diao)查,一(yi)(yi)代(dai)二(er)化螟平(ping)均(jun)枯(ku)梢(shao)率(lv)15%,最高枯(ku)梢(shao)株(zhu)率(lv)達60%,略輕(qing)(qing)于(yu)近幾年。另據6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬基(ji)數(shu)(shu)調(diao)查:鄂(e)北(bei)、鄂(e)東(dong)、江(jiang)(jiang)漢平(ping)原(yuan)大(da)部(bu)稻區(qu)(qu)(qu)一(yi)(yi)代(dai)二(er)化螟平(ping)均(jun)每(mei)畝殘留(liu)蟲(chong)量1804.3頭,與去(qu)年同期(qi)相當(dang)。但鄂(e)西南(nan)發(fa)生(sheng)輕(qing)(qing),基(ji)數(shu)(shu)低(di)。(2)水稻耕作制度(du)有(you)利于(yu)螟蟲(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)。由于(yu)我省水稻栽插期(qi)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)致而(er)導致水稻生(sheng)育期(qi)極不(bu)整齊(qi),橋梁田(tian)和蟲(chong)源田(tian)多(duo),有(you)利于(yu)螟蟲(chong)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)危害(hai),同時(shi)近年來大(da)量推廣(guang)免耕等(deng)輕(qing)(qing)型栽培措施和優質品(pin)種,也有(you)利于(yu)二(er)化螟的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)危害(hai)。(3)氣候條(tiao)件(jian)對水稻螟蟲(chong)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)無明顯(xian)不(bu)利影響。
3、三化螟
預計二代三化(hua)螟在全(quan)省大部(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)生程度(du)1-2級(ji)。三代三化(hua)螟全(quan)省發(fa)(fa)生程度(du)2級(ji),鄂(e)東(dong)和江漢平(ping)原局(ju)部(bu)(bu)稻區(qu)發(fa)(fa)生程度(du)4級(ji),四代在鄂(e)東(dong)晚(wan)稻區(qu)發(fa)(fa)生程度(du)4級(ji)。主要依據:(1)除鄂(e)東(dong)局(ju)部(bu)(bu)地區(qu)發(fa)(fa)生較(jiao)重外,一(yi)代全(quan)省發(fa)(fa)生輕,基數低。(2)當前(qian)種植(zhi)結構(gou)對其發(fa)(fa)生有利。近(jin)幾(ji)年雙季稻區(qu)和早、中、晚(wan)稻混栽面積擴大,為三化(hua)螟提供了良(liang)好的取食和轉移條(tiao)件(jian),有利其發(fa)(fa)生為害。
4、中稻穗期綜合癥
預計全省以稻(dao)(dao)曲(qu)病(bing)、稻(dao)(dao)粒(li)黑粉(fen)病(bing)為主(zhu)(zhu)的中(zhong)、晚稻(dao)(dao)穗期(qi)綜合(he)癥在優質稻(dao)(dao)感病(bing)品種上(shang)發(fa)生(sheng)程度為4級(ji),西部(bu)重于(yu)中(zhong)部(bu)和東部(bu)。如果抽穗前后遇臺風和雨日天氣(qi)較(jiao)多,則易嚴(yan)重發(fa)生(sheng)。主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)依據(ju):近兩年穗期(qi)綜合(he)癥發(fa)生(sheng)普(pu)遍,菌源較(jiao)為廣泛。多數優質稻(dao)(dao)抗病(bing)性(xing)差,紅蓮優系(xi)列、珞優系(xi)列、兩優培(pei)九、揚兩優、豐兩優、粵優938等(deng)品種高感稻(dao)(dao)曲(qu)病(bing)和稻(dao)(dao)粒(li)黑粉(fen)病(bing)。
5、中、晚稻紋枯病
預計(ji)中(zhong)稻、晚稻紋(wen)枯(ku)病(bing)全省(sheng)發(fa)生程(cheng)度4-5級。主要依據:當前各地(di)(di)早、中(zhong)稻上發(fa)生普遍,菌(jun)源廣泛(fan)存在(zai),6月(yue)中(zhong)旬調查(cha):早稻紋(wen)枯(ku)病(bing)全省(sheng)平均病(bing)株率16.5%,最高64%;中(zhong)稻平均病(bing)株率3.2%,與(yu)去年同期相當。大部(bu)地(di)(di)區(qu)氮肥施用量(liang)大,肥水(shui)條件較好(hao),有利(li)發(fa)病(bing)。
6、稻瘟病
預(yu)計(ji)鄂(e)西(xi)(xi)、鄂(e)北(bei)、鄂(e)東及江漢(han)平(ping)原北(bei)部(bu)山區(qu)(qu)優(you)質稻(dao)(dao)感病品(pin)種發生程度為(wei)4級(ji),局(ju)部(bu)5級(ji)。其它稻(dao)(dao)區(qu)(qu)1-2級(ji)。主要(yao)依(yi)據:(1)菌源較(jiao)廣(guang)。6月上中旬在鄂(e)東、鄂(e)北(bei)、鄂(e)西(xi)(xi)南及江漢(han)平(ping)原北(bei)部(bu)山區(qu)(qu)稻(dao)(dao)區(qu)(qu)均發現葉(xie)稻(dao)(dao)瘟(wen),局(ju)部(bu)田塊已造(zao)成(cheng)死苗現象。(2)優(you)質稻(dao)(dao)面積(ji)大,多數優(you)質稻(dao)(dao)抗(kang)病性較(jiao)差。(3)山區(qu)(qu)露大霧重的小氣候特點有利稻(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)病發生,極易在抽穗期(qi)間造(zao)成(cheng)穗頸瘟(wen)危害。
二、棉花病蟲
1、棉鈴蟲
預(yu)(yu)計三代(dai)發(fa)生程(cheng)(cheng)度2級(ji),鄂北、鄂東局部(bu)(bu)3級(ji);四代(dai)大部(bu)(bu)3級(ji),局部(bu)(bu)4級(ji)。主(zhu)要依據(ju):(1)二(er)代(dai)卵(luan)量(liang)(liang)、蟲(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)低。截(jie)止6月(yue)16日,各(ge)系(xi)統監測(ce)站二(er)代(dai)棉(mian)鈴(ling)蟲(chong)(chong)田間(jian)累(lei)(lei)計卵(luan)量(liang)(liang)0-17.5粒/百(bai)(bai)(bai)株(zhu),加(jia)權(quan)平(ping)均(jun)3.58粒/百(bai)(bai)(bai)株(zhu),比去年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低82.9%;累(lei)(lei)計蟲(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)0-1頭(tou)(tou)/百(bai)(bai)(bai)株(zhu),加(jia)權(quan)平(ping)均(jun)0.1頭(tou)(tou)/百(bai)(bai)(bai)株(zhu),比去年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低96.5%;蟲(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)、卵(luan)量(liang)(liang)是1994年(nian)有(you)系(xi)統記載以(yi)來最低的一年(nian);(2)氣(qi)候條(tiao)(tiao)件影響(xiang)。據(ju)氣(qi)象(xiang)部(bu)(bu)門預(yu)(yu)報,預(yu)(yu)計梅雨期(qi)(qi)內以(yi)過程(cheng)(cheng)性(xing)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水為主(zhu),部(bu)(bu)分(fen)地(di)區將有(you)內澇發(fa)生,主(zhu)要降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨過程(cheng)(cheng)集(ji)中在(zai)6月(yue)下旬(xun)到7月(yue)上旬(xun),與二(er)代(dai)棉(mian)鈴(ling)蟲(chong)(chong)入(ru)土化蛹、羽化期(qi)(qi)吻合,氣(qi)候條(tiao)(tiao)件對二(er)、三代(dai)棉(mian)鈴(ling)蟲(chong)(chong)發(fa)生不利(li);(3)棉(mian)花(hua)長勢有(you)利(li)棉(mian)鈴(ling)蟲(chong)(chong)發(fa)生。7月(yue)份棉(mian)花(hua)進入(ru)花(hua)鈴(ling)期(qi)(qi),營養條(tiao)(tiao)件較好,同時蔬菜寄(ji)主(zhu)收獲(huo)后(hou),有(you)利(li)于棉(mian)鈴(ling)蟲(chong)(chong)集(ji)中棉(mian)田取食為害。(4)阿維菌素類、甲維鹽類及復配(pei)制劑在(zai)棉(mian)田使用頻繁,兼治(zhi)作(zuo)用明顯。
2、棉田煙粉虱
預計煙粉(fen)(fen)虱全省4級發(fa)生,菜棉(mian)混栽區5級。7月下旬將開始(shi)進入危害(hai)盛(sheng)期。主要依據(ju):(1)煙粉(fen)(fen)虱進入棉(mian)田遲,當前(qian)棉(mian)田蟲量較(jiao)(jiao)低。仙桃、新洲、天門等地部分棉(mian)田見蟲;(2)前(qian)期農(nong)民(min)防治用藥較(jiao)(jiao)少,煙粉(fen)(fen)虱繁(fan)殖快,利于基數(shu)積累;(3)部分蔬(shu)菜即(ji)將罷園,煙粉(fen)(fen)虱將大量轉(zhuan)移到(dao)棉(mian)花上為害(hai);(4)據(ju)氣象預報(bao):汛期(5~9月)總雨量和主汛期(6~8月)總雨量鄂西略偏(pian)多,鄂東北接近常年,其他地區略偏(pian)少,對大部菜棉(mian)產區煙粉(fen)(fen)虱發(fa)生有利。
3、棉花紅蜘蛛
預計全省大部棉區棉花(hua)紅蜘蛛3級(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生,局部4級(ji),發(fa)(fa)(fa)生盛期(qi)在(zai)7月下旬(xun)至8月下旬(xun)。主(zhu)(zhu)要依據:(1)當前田間發(fa)(fa)(fa)生較普(pu)遍;(2)天氣條件有(you)利。主(zhu)(zhu)產棉區梅雨期(qi)雨量偏少,出(chu)梅早,盛夏(xia)大部分棉區雨水(shui)偏少,對(dui)棉花(hua)紅蜘蛛發(fa)(fa)(fa)生有(you)利。
4、伏蚜
預(yu)計全省伏(fu)蚜(ya)3級發(fa)生(sheng),局部4級。主要依(yi)據:(1)當(dang)前田間發(fa)生(sheng)普遍;(2)出(chu)梅后(hou)高溫(wen)少(shao)雨的(de)天氣條件對蚜(ya)蟲(chong)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)有一定抑(yi)制作用。
5、盲蝽象
預計三、四代盲蝽象全省大部(bu)棉區發生4級。菜棉混栽區5級。主要依據:(1)田間(jian)基數較高。苗期(qi)蟲量0.1-1.7頭/百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu),平均1.1頭/百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu),局部(bu)重發田塊達30頭。(2)間(jian)作(zuo)套(tao)種棉田面積大,有(you)利盲蝽象向蔬菜上(shang)轉(zhuan)移(yi)危害。
6、斜紋夜蛾
預計(ji)全省3級(ji)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng),局(ju)部5級(ji),蔬菜(cai)與棉(mian)花套(tao)作區有暴發(fa)(fa)為害風險。主要依據:(1)荊(jing)州(zhou)、新洲兩(liang)地采用性誘(you)(you)劑誘(you)(you)蛾(e)(e),蛾(e)(e)量較大,新洲高峰日(6月(yue)16日)平(ping)均單(dan)缽誘(you)(you)蛾(e)(e)24頭,一代累計(ji)誘(you)(you)蛾(e)(e)量119 頭;荊(jing)州(zhou)高峰日(6月(yue)11日)平(ping)均單(dan)缽誘(you)(you)蛾(e)(e)54.7頭。(2)多作物套(tao)種的結構模(mo)式(shi)有利(li)其(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。尤其(qi)(qi)與大豆、蔬菜(cai)、瓜果套(tao)種的棉(mian)田發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)重。
7、枯、黃萎病
預計老病區(qu)4級(ji)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),局部5級(ji)。主要依(yi)據:(1)前期發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)普遍,田間菌源充足。全省老病區(qu)6月上中旬普查,平均(jun)病株(zhu)率(lv)0.1-6.0%;(2)氣象部門預報,梅雨期有陣性降雨過(guo)程,有利于(yu)集(ji)中表(biao)現癥狀;(3)主栽品(pin)種抗病性差,對其發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有利。
三、7-9月蔬菜病蟲
1、病毒(du)病:全(quan)省5級,主要危害茄科(ke)、瓜類、豆類蔬菜;
2、銹病:鄂(e)東、江漢平原4級,主要危害豆類蔬菜;
3、青枯病:鄂東4級,其(qi)他地區3級,主(zhu)要危害茄科蔬菜;
4、霜霉病:全省4級(ji);主要危害瓜類蔬菜;
5、茄科疫病:鄂(e)東、江漢平原4級(ji),其它(ta)地區3級(ji),主(zhu)要危害辣椒、番(fan)茄;
6、小菜蛾:鄂西南4級,其它地區5級,主(zhu)要危害(hai)十(shi)字花科(ke)蔬菜;
7、菜青(qing)蟲(chong):鄂(e)西南4級,其它(ta)地區5級,主要危害十字花科蔬菜;
8、二(er)十八星瓢蟲(chong):全省(sheng)4級(ji),鄂東(dong)5級(ji),主要危害(hai)茄子;
9、蔬菜煙粉虱:鄂東及江漢平原大部(bu)4-5級,其他(ta)地區3級;主要(yao)危(wei)害瓜類(lei)(lei)、菜豆類(lei)(lei)、茄果類(lei)(lei)、十字花科(ke)類(lei)(lei)蔬菜;
10、豆野螟:全(quan)省4級,主(zhu)要危害豇(jiang)豆;
11、瓜野螟:鄂東、江漢平原4級,其它(ta)地區(qu)3級,主要危害黃瓜、絲瓜等;
12、斜紋夜蛾(e):全省4-5級(ji);
13、甜菜夜蛾:鄂西、鄂北3級,其它地區4級,高山蔬菜上發生較重。
主要依據:(1)田間病蟲基數較高;(2)我省蔬菜田結構復雜,復種指數高,有利于病害的交叉感染和蟲害的擴散轉移為害。(3)病蟲抗藥性增強,化學農藥防效降低。
四、柑桔病蟲
1、紅黃蜘蛛:全省4級,局部5級;
2、銹壁(bi)虱:全省3級,局部4級;
3、柑桔粉虱:長江(jiang)柑桔帶4級;其他產區3級;
4、矢尖蚧:全省(sheng)4級。
5、黑刺粉虱:全省(sheng)4級,管理粗放桔園5級。
主要依據:(1)春夏(xia)(xia)紅黃蜘蛛發(fa)生較(jiao)重,蟲源(yuan)基數較(jiao)高(gao);(2)進(jin)入盛夏(xia)(xia),高(gao)溫少雨(yu)天氣(qi)有(you)利于蟲害發(fa)生。
來源:湖北植保總站