從國外來看，主要通過立法來加強農藥管(guan)理。美國、加拿大、歐盟、日本(ben)、印度(du)建立農(nong)藥(yao)登(deng)記(ji)、農(nong)藥(yao)經營(ying)許可、農(nong)藥(yao)施(shi)用持證和培訓(xun)，農(nong)藥(yao)登(deng)記(ji)再評價(jia)等制度(du)。據統計，世界(jie)上75%的(de)國家(jia)或(huo)地區農(nong)藥(yao)管(guan)理是由農(nong)業部(bu)(bu)(bu)門負(fu)責，約25%的(de)國家(jia)或(huo)地區分別由環保部(bu)(bu)(bu)、衛生部(bu)(bu)(bu)或(huo)者跨部(bu)(bu)(bu)門委員會管(guan)理。
我(wo)國現行(xing)(xing)(xing)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)管(guan)理條(tiao)例》是于1997年(nian)5月8日制(zhi)訂并頒布實施，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)門負責(ze)(ze)(ze)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)登記審批(pi)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)廣(guang)(guang)告審查(cha)，市(shi)場(chang)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)安全(quan)、合理使(shi)用的指導(dao)。工(gong)業(ye)和(he)(he)信息化部(bu)門承(cheng)接(jie)原發(fa)改(gai)委部(bu)門職(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)，負責(ze)(ze)(ze)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)企業(ye)核準，核發(fa)按(an)(an)企業(ye)標(biao)準生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)批(pi)準文件(jian)，查(cha)處生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)假劣農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)。質(zhi)監(jian)(jian)部(bu)門負責(ze)(ze)(ze)核發(fa)按(an)(an)國標(biao)和(he)(he)行(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品的生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)許可(ke)證，查(cha)處生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)假劣農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)，參與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)監(jian)(jian)督管(guan)理有(you)關方面的工(gong)作。工(gong)商(shang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政管(guan)理部(bu)門負責(ze)(ze)(ze)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)市(shi)場(chang)管(guan)理和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)廣(guang)(guang)告監(jian)(jian)督管(guan)理。另(ling)外還(huan)有(you)衛生(sheng)(sheng)、安監(jian)(jian)、公安、環(huan)保(bao)、交(jiao)通運輸、郵電(dian)等有(you)關部(bu)門各司其職(zhi)，容(rong)易造成“碰見利益就上，遇到困難就躲”和(he)(he)推諉扯皮(pi)的現象。
當前(qian)《農藥管理(li)條(tiao)例》正在修訂并征(zheng)求意(yi)見之中，我建議對以下(xia)幾個(ge)問(wen)題要予(yu)以高(gao)度重視：
一是進(jin)一步梳理(li)(li)農(nong)藥(yao)管理(li)(li)體制，明確農(nong)藥(yao)管理(li)(li)的主(zhu)管部(bu)門(men)(men)。目(mu)前農(nong)藥(yao)的登記、市場監管、使用指(zhi)導(dao)和(he)農(nong)藥(yao)殘留標(biao)準制定等工作和(he)職(zhi)能都(dou)在農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)門(men)(men)，建議農(nong)藥(yao)管理(li)(li)以農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)門(men)(men)為(wei)主(zhu)管部(bu)門(men)(men)，其(qi)他部(bu)門(men)(men)配合實(shi)施(shi)，賦予農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)門(men)(men)實(shi)施(shi)從(cong)農(nong)藥(yao)登記到生(sheng)產經(jing)營許可、市場監管、使用指(zhi)導(dao)和(he)廢(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)管理(li)(li)的職(zhi)能。
二是進一(yi)步完善(shan)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)管(guan)理(li)體系(xi)。加強農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)管(guan)理(li)經費保障，加大對農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)管(guan)理(li)基(ji)礎(chu)設施的(de)建(jian)設力(li)度，改善(shan)儀器設備(bei)和條件，提升農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)監管(guan)技術的(de)支撐能力(li)；加強農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)管(guan)理(li)隊伍建(jian)設，充(chong)實農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)管(guan)理(li)人員，建(jian)立一(yi)支能擔負農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)管(guan)理(li)任務的(de)隊伍。
三是通(tong)過立法(fa)建(jian)立小(xiao)宗(zong)農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)管理制度。我國(guo)地域(yu)遼闊，農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)品種差異(yi)很大，對一些小(xiao)宗(zong)農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)，生(sheng)產企(qi)業因(yin)登記(ji)(ji)成(cheng)本高收益小(xiao)不(bu)愿申(shen)請辦理小(xiao)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)（如浙(zhe)(zhe)江省“浙(zhe)(zhe)八味”中藥(yao)(yao)材、楊梅、桑樹(shu)等(deng)）上的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)登記(ji)(ji)，因(yin)而無合法(fa)可供使用(yong)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。因(yin)此(ci)，國(guo)家(jia)應鼓勵(li)和支(zhi)持企(qi)業小(xiao)品種作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)上的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)登記(ji)(ji)，同時農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)登記(ji)(ji)管理也應有區(qu)域(yu)性。
