當前水(shui)稻仍處(chu)于秧田(tian)期，移栽(zai)較(jiao)往(wang)年明(ming)顯推遲。受(shou)近(jin)期氣溫回升，雨水(shui)增多(duo)(duo)等(deng)因素(su)影響，水(shui)稻“兩遷(qian)(qian)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)”稻飛(fei)虱(shi)、稻縱(zong)卷葉螟來勢猛、蟲(chong)(chong)量上升快(kuai)，對水(shui)稻威脅大(da)，截至5月24日，秧田(tian)期“兩遷(qian)(qian)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)”發(fa)生(sheng)面積(ji)已達30.4萬畝次。發(fa)生(sheng)特(te)點(dian)為：一是(shi)遷(qian)(qian)入(ru)早，蟲(chong)(chong)量大(da)，峰次多(duo)(duo)，南(nan)部(bu)、東(dong)南(nan)部(bu)、西南(nan)部(bu)等(deng)監測(ce)點(dian)已陸續監測(ce)到較(jiao)大(da)的遷(qian)(qian)入(ru)峰；二是(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)范圍廣，田(tian)間蟲(chong)(chong)卵(luan)量大(da)，以南(nan)部(bu)、東(dong)南(nan)和西南(nan)局部(bu)等(deng)秧田(tian)受(shou)害(hai)(hai)重；三是(shi)危害(hai)(hai)期提前，在部(bu)分秧田(tian)，稻飛(fei)虱(shi)遷(qian)(qian)入(ru)后直接造成為害(hai)(hai)，稻縱(zong)卷葉螟已開始孵化。
一、發生情況
（一）稻飛虱
1、燈下情況
稻飛(fei)虱（白背飛(fei)虱）燈下始見期較往年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)提前，全(quan)省始見期為3月(yue)(yue)3日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)（荔(li)波(bo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)），比(bi)歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)早(zao)12天(tian)，比(bi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)早(zao)15天(tian)。三都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（3月(yue)(yue)6日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)）、雷山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（3月(yue)(yue)8日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)）、黃平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（4月(yue)(yue)20日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)）、錦屏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（4月(yue)(yue)21日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)）、從江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（4月(yue)(yue)21日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)）、玉(yu)屏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（3月(yue)(yue)30日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)）、遵(zun)義(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（4月(yue)(yue)4日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)）等(deng)始見期較早(zao)，比(bi)歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)或去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)早(zao)10－51天(tian)。4月(yue)(yue)份以(yi)來南(nan)部(bu)、東(dong)部(bu)等(deng)陸(lu)續監測到遷入(ru)蟲峰(feng)，較大的(de)(de)一(yi)次為：三都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)5月(yue)(yue)15－17日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，峰(feng)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)5月(yue)(yue)17日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)蟲量達70400頭(tou)，是(shi)(shi)歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)期的(de)(de)7.2倍，是(shi)(shi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)期的(de)(de)58.1倍。截至目(mu)前全(quan)省已監測到3次較大遷入(ru)蟲峰(feng)，且(qie)峰(feng)期較去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)提前：①荔(li)波(bo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)4月(yue)(yue)21－22日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)有一(yi)蟲峰(feng)，峰(feng)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)蟲量為426頭(tou)，4月(yue)(yue)份蟲量是(shi)(shi)歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)1.8倍，是(shi)(shi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)3倍；三都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)4月(yue)(yue)20－21日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)有一(yi)蟲峰(feng)，峰(feng)期蟲量為1172頭(tou)；②荔(li)波(bo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)5月(yue)(yue)4－7日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)有一(yi)蟲峰(feng)，蟲量3663頭(tou)，是(shi)(shi)歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)期的(de)(de)1.5倍，是(shi)(shi)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)期的(de)(de)9倍；天(tian)柱(zhu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（5月(yue)(yue)3－8日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)）、三都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（5月(yue)(yue)5－7日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)）、興義(yi)市（5月(yue)(yue)2－4日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)）分別誘蟲2677頭(tou)、1228頭(tou)、469頭(tou)；③荔(li)波(bo)、平塘、黃平、天(tian)柱(zhu)、望謨、冊(ce)亨等(deng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)5月(yue)(yue)中旬(xun)均監測到蟲峰(feng)，蟲量為4008－36946頭(tou)，為去(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)或歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)2－17.6倍，峰(feng)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)最高蟲量23435頭(tou)（冊(ce)亨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)）。
2、田間情況
當前秧(yang)田(tian)(tian)(tian)蟲(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大，發生(sheng)范圍廣，發生(sheng)面(mian)積25.4萬畝，以白(bai)背飛虱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，主(zhu)要發生(sheng)區域為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東部(bu)、南(nan)部(bu)、西南(nan)部(bu)和中部(bu)局部(bu)，田(tian)(tian)(tian)間蟲(chong)口密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)一般(ban)(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)35－320頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/㎡，最(zui)高(gao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)6236頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/㎡（從江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)）。如東南(nan)部(bu)的(de)從江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)受(shou)害秧(yang)田(tian)(tian)(tian)一般(ban)(ban)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)2910頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/㎡，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)年同期(qi)的(de)7.95倍(bei)，平(ping)(ping)均卵量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1263粒/百株，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)年同期(qi)的(de)3.1倍(bei)，最(zui)高(gao)蟲(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)6236頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/m2，最(zui)高(gao)卵量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)12980粒/百株；榕江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)平(ping)(ping)均蟲(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)61頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/㎡，最(zui)高(gao)蟲(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)達1620頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/㎡；南(nan)部(bu)的(de)三都、平(ping)(ping)塘(tang)、都勻、荔波等縣(xian)秧(yang)田(tian)(tian)(tian)一般(ban)(ban)蟲(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)84－315頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/㎡，最(zui)高(gao)蟲(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)832頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/㎡；西南(nan)部(bu)的(de)冊(ce)亨、安(an)(an)龍、貞豐(feng)、興仁等縣(xian)秧(yang)田(tian)(tian)(tian)一般(ban)(ban)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)20－70頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/㎡，最(zui)高(gao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)500頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/㎡（安(an)(an)龍縣(xian)）；畢(bi)節市秧(yang)田(tian)(tian)(tian)呈零(ling)星發生(sheng)，個別田(tian)(tian)(tian)塊受(shou)害較重，百株蟲(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)1500頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。
（二）稻縱卷葉螟
1、燈誘及排下情況
自4月(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬始(shi)見以來，全省南部(bu)(bu)、東南部(bu)(bu)及北部(bu)(bu)部(bu)(bu)分縣監測(ce)到有蛾(e)(e)子遷入。如赤水市4月(yue)(yue)(yue)18日(ri)燈(deng)下(xia)(xia)始(shi)見，與往(wang)年(nian)相(xiang)當；黃平縣4月(yue)(yue)(yue)26日(ri)燈(deng)下(xia)(xia)始(shi)見，比去年(nian)早(zao)20天，5月(yue)(yue)(yue)9－16日(ri)和5月(yue)(yue)(yue)17－22日(ri)排下(xia)(xia)誘(you)蛾(e)(e)分別為334頭(tou)(tou)、608頭(tou)(tou)，高峰日(ri)誘(you)蛾(e)(e)分別為213、298頭(tou)(tou)；從(cong)江縣5月(yue)(yue)(yue)4日(ri)燈(deng)下(xia)(xia)始(shi)見，較上年(nian)早(zao)10天，較歷(li)年(nian)早(zao)15天，截止5月(yue)(yue)(yue)20日(ri)共(gong)誘(you)蟲(chong)為307頭(tou)(tou)，為去年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)的1.33倍(bei)；天柱縣5月(yue)(yue)(yue)10 －13日(ri)，誘(you)蛾(e)(e)量628頭(tou)(tou)，峰日(ri)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)10日(ri)，蛾(e)(e)量560頭(tou)(tou)；三(san)都(dou)縣糖(tang)醋排下(xia)(xia)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)上半月(yue)(yue)(yue)誘(you)到84頭(tou)(tou)，為歷(li)年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)的1.3倍(bei)，是去年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)的7倍(bei)。
2、田間情況
當前秧田(tian)蟲(chong)卵量較大(da)(da)，發生面積5萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，以成蟲(chong)為(wei)主，部分秧田(tian)進入低(di)齡(ling)幼蟲(chong)危害(hai)期，主要(yao)區域為(wei)南部、東(dong)部等(deng)地，秧田(tian)成蟲(chong)一般(ban)密度220－650頭(tou)(tou)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)密度為(wei)2760頭(tou)(tou)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)（黃(huang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)）。如(ru)(ru)黃(huang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)秧田(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均蛾(e)量1206頭(tou)(tou)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，是(shi)(shi)去年的1.47倍(bei)，是(shi)(shi)歷年的4.18倍(bei), 最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)2760頭(tou)(tou)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)；從江(jiang)縣(xian)秧田(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均卵量為(wei)166粒/百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)為(wei)248粒/百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均幼蟲(chong)量為(wei)5.2頭(tou)(tou)/百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)為(wei)7.7頭(tou)(tou)/百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)，秧田(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均卷葉率為(wei)1.83%，最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)為(wei)2.66%；平(ping)(ping)(ping)塘縣(xian)秧田(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均卵量145粒/百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)232粒/百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均幼蟲(chong)量18.5頭(tou)(tou)/百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)26頭(tou)(tou)/百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)。當前雜草等(deng)生境蛾(e)量大(da)(da)，如(ru)(ru)都(dou)勻市雜草、菜地每畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)2000－5300頭(tou)(tou)，荔波縣(xian)雜草地中每畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)5300頭(tou)(tou)，高(gao)的萬(wan)頭(tou)(tou)以上；從江(jiang)縣(xian)田(tian)間雜草一般(ban)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蛾(e)量為(wei)1242頭(tou)(tou)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)蛾(e)量為(wei)1467頭(tou)(tou)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。
二、趨勢
當前我(wo)省水稻“兩(liang)遷害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)”遷入早(zao)、蟲(chong)量大(da)(da)、來勢(shi)猛(meng)，已在(zai)(zai)秧田和早(zao)栽大(da)(da)田造成(cheng)危(wei)害(hai)(hai)。根據(ju)氣象預報，5月(yue)(yue)底至6月(yue)(yue)初全省將出現(xian)明顯降雨，將對(dui)稻飛虱、稻縱(zong)(zong)卷葉螟持續遷入和繁殖危(wei)害(hai)(hai)十分(fen)有(you)利。預計第三代白背飛虱、稻縱(zong)(zong)卷葉螟將大(da)(da)發生(sheng)，主要危(wei)害(hai)(hai)區(qu)域為黔東(dong)南州(zhou)、黔南州(zhou)、黔西南州(zhou)及銅仁地區(qu)、安順市(shi)(shi)、貴陽市(shi)(shi)、遵義市(shi)(shi)的(de)部分(fen)地區(qu)，發生(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)將達(da)800萬畝次，危(wei)害(hai)(hai)盛期在(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)中、下(xia)旬，防治(zhi)適期在(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)上、中旬。
來源(yuan)：貴州省植保植檢站
