本周，我國華北麥(mai)(mai)區(qu)(qu)小麥(mai)(mai)處于拔(ba)節(jie)至孕穗(sui)期(qi)；長(chang)江中下(xia)游麥(mai)(mai)區(qu)(qu)處在(zai)抽穗(sui)至揚花(hua)-灌漿期(qi)；西南(nan)麥(mai)(mai)區(qu)(qu)小麥(mai)(mai)處于灌漿至乳(ru)熟(shu)期(qi)；新疆麥(mai)(mai)區(qu)(qu)冬(dong)小麥(mai)(mai)處在(zai)分(fen)蘗拔(ba)節(jie)期(qi)，早播春小麥(mai)(mai)已出苗。 截止4月28日，全國小麥(mai)(mai)病(bing)蟲害累(lei)計(ji)發生(sheng)(sheng)面積38277.8萬(wan)畝，比上年(nian)同期(qi)增(zeng)加34.4%；累(lei)計(ji)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)面積27241.94萬(wan)畝，比上年(nian)同期(qi)增(zeng)加11.8%。其(qi)中小麥(mai)(mai)條(tiao)銹(xiu)(xiu)病(bing)累(lei)計(ji)發生(sheng)(sheng)面積1045萬(wan)畝，本周新增(zeng)120.5萬(wan)畝；累(lei)計(ji)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)面積1402.58萬(wan)畝，比上年(nian)同期(qi)增(zeng)加39.1%，本周小麥(mai)(mai)條(tiao)銹(xiu)(xiu)病(bing)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)面積122萬(wan)畝，防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)處置率61.3%。
一、發生態勢
本周小(xiao)麥病蟲(chong)的發生(sheng)態勢是蟲(chong)害(hai)明顯重于病害(hai)，當前(qian)蚜蟲(chong)和麥蜘蛛(zhu)的發生(sheng)面積分別(bie)是8677.39/12077萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)和7920.27/7855.72萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，與上(shang)周相比(bi)分別(bie)增(zeng)加39% 和減少(shao)0.8%；條銹病、紋枯病、白粉(fen)病當前(qian)發生(sheng)面積分別(bie)為917.65萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)、8736萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)和1750.46萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，與上(shang)周相比(bi)分別(bie)減少(shao)0.75%、16.9%和增(zeng)加34.6%。
本(ben)周(zhou)(zhou)小麥(mai)條(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)湖(hu)(hu)北、四川(chuan)、貴州(zhou)、重慶、陜西、甘肅、河(he)南七省發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。湖(hu)(hu)北省小麥(mai)條(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)累計發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)422.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，本(ben)周(zhou)(zhou)新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)12.6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，近期(qi)(qi)全(quan)省大部(bu)晴天(tian)為(wei)主，溫度(du)偏高(gao)，濕度(du)低，對病(bing)(bing)(bing)害的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)流(liu)(liu)行有一(yi)定的(de)抑制作用，紅蜘蛛、蚜蟲的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)程度(du)加(jia)重；四川(chuan)省目前發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)304.2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，較(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)周(zhou)(zhou)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)45.1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，小麥(mai)條(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)已(yi)在(zai)21個市(州(zhou))、125個縣(xian)(區(qu))發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng), 重發(fa)(fa)(fa)區(qu)域(yu)仍(reng)是沿嘉陵江(jiang)(jiang)、涪江(jiang)(jiang)、沱江(jiang)(jiang)、安寧河(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)，其中(zhong)廣元、南充部(bu)分田塊最(zui)(zui)高(gao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)率在(zai)80%以上(shang)；貴州(zhou)當前條(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)主要發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)西部(bu)、北部(bu)、東北部(bu)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)96萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，本(ben)周(zhou)(zhou)新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)20.89萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，涉及(ji)44個縣(xian)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)較(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)周(zhou)(zhou)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)20%以上(shang)，比上(shang)年同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)26.6%，一(yi)般病(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)率16%，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)達(da)80.00%；重慶共17個區(qu)縣(xian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)小麥(mai)條(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)，較(jiao)(jiao)去(qu)年同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)減(jian)少5個區(qu)縣(xian)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)40.66萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，是上(shang)年同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)的(de)67.77%，小麥(mai)條(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)平均病(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)率8.5%，比去(qu)年同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)37.1%，墊江(jiang)(jiang)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)率100%；陜西當前小麥(mai)條(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)20萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝；甘肅條(tiao)銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)18.99萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，本(ben)周(zhou)(zhou)新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)11.29萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝。
隨(sui)著氣溫(wen)升高和(he)雨水增(zeng)多，預計下(xia)(xia)(xia)周北方(fang)麥區(qu)(qu)麥紅(hong)蜘蛛(zhu)、麥蚜發生面積和(he)蟲口密(mi)度將繼續擴(kuo)大(da)和(he)上升，小麥吸(xi)漿蟲處于蛹期地面防(fang)(fang)治的(de)關鍵(jian)(jian)時期，西(xi)南、黃淮(huai)南部、江(jiang)淮(huai)和(he)長江(jiang)中下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)麥區(qu)(qu)赤霉病、條銹病、白粉病、穗蚜等將進入流行(xing)危(wei)害(hai)(hai)和(he)防(fang)(fang)治的(de)關鍵(jian)(jian)時期。同(tong)時要注意(yi)麥葉(xie)蜂和(he)地下(xia)(xia)(xia)害(hai)(hai)蟲的(de)危(wei)害(hai)(hai)。
二、防治工作進展
一是(shi)周密部(bu)署(shu)，加強督(du)導(dao)。安徽(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在印發(fa)(fa)(fa)了(le)(le)《關于切實(shi)(shi)抓好小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)重(zhong)大病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的通知》和《關于切實(shi)(shi)抓好小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)赤霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的緊(jin)急通知》之后，省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農委4月(yue)25日又下(xia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)了(le)(le)《關于切實(shi)(shi)抓好小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)穗期蚜蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的緊(jin)急通知》，全面部(bu)署(shu)今(jin)年小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。還下(xia)派了(le)(le)5個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)督(du)查(cha)組(zu)，從4月(yue)26-5月(yue)10日，對(dui)全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)9個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)主產(chan)(chan)市，實(shi)(shi)施小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)后期病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)全程督(du)查(cha)指導(dao)。4月(yue)27日，省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政(zheng)府召開(kai)全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)抗旱田管工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)視(shi)電(dian)話會議，深入(ru)貫徹(che)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)黨(dang)中央、國(guo)務院穩定(ding)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)糧(liang)食生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)決策部(bu)署(shu)，動員各地(di)進(jin)一步抓好小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)田間管理，并(bing)下(xia)派31個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)組(zu)包(bao)干(gan)33個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)主產(chan)(chan)縣，督(du)導(dao)各地(di)著力做好小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)抗旱、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治及田管工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，力爭奪取今(jin)年小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)豐(feng)收。江(jiang)蘇(su)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)4月(yue)24-25日江(jiang)蘇(su)在電(dian)視(shi)臺連續(xu)進(jin)行小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)穗期病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治宣傳發(fa)(fa)(fa)動，25日，省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農委組(zu)織了(le)(le)3個(ge)督(du)查(cha)組(zu)分赴(fu)蘇(su)南(nan)、蘇(su)中等地(di)區，采取分片包(bao)干(gan)的方式，開(kai)展(zhan)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治督(du)查(cha)指導(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，推(tui)動防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)有(you)序、深入(ru)開(kai)展(zhan)。四川(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植保站(zhan)也(ye)派出督(du)導(dao)組(zu)前(qian)往川(chuan)東、川(chuan)西、川(chuan)北，督(du)導(dao)各地(di)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)的防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治情況(kuang)。
二是積極開(kai)展防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作。河(he)南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)各級農(nong)業植保部門開(kai)展應急(ji)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)636.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)次(ci)(ci)，民間專業化防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)織開(kai)展統(tong)(tong)(tong)防(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)777.9萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)次(ci)(ci)。目前各種小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積累計達到10655.75萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)次(ci)(ci)，占發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積的94.4%，本(ben)周以條銹病(bing)(bing)(bing)、麥(mai)葉峰、吸漿蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、白(bai)粉(fen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積增長比例最(zui)大(da)(da)；江蘇(su)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)堅持(chi)“預防(fang)(fang)為主、主動出擊”的防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策略，抓住(zhu)抽穗揚(yang)花(hua)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)關(guan)鍵時期(qi)，做到揚(yang)花(hua)一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊，全面(mian)(mian)用藥。據統(tong)(tong)(tong)計，至4月25日全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)已防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)300萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)左右。安徽省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)力推進(jin)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害統(tong)(tong)(tong)防(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害專業化統(tong)(tong)(tong)防(fang)(fang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積已達500萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。湖(hu)北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)截止目前全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)條銹病(bing)(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積約(yue)470萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)赤(chi)霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積約(yue)1300萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，在防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)害的同時兼治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、白(bai)粉(fen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)等；山(shan)東省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)紅蜘蛛和紋枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)已進(jin)行(xing)大(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)積防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并兼治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)麥(mai)葉蜂；重慶市截止4月26日，全市小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害累計防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積142.13萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)（次(ci)(ci)），占發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積的72.2%。
