日前，農業部正式發布《農業植物品種命名規定(ding)》（農業部令2012年(nian)第2號）（以下簡稱《規定(ding)》），并于2012年(nian)4月15日起開始施行(xing)。
品種名稱是種子經營者和(he)(he)使用者用以識別各(ge)類(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)(de)直觀依據，確保品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名稱(cheng)的(de)(de)“唯一(yi)(yi)性”是(shi)維護種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子市(shi)場秩序的(de)(de)重要措施。近年來(lai)，由于缺乏統一(yi)(yi)標(biao)準和(he)(he)協調機制，導致同一(yi)(yi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以不同名稱(cheng)申請農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定、植(zhi)物(wu)新品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保護、農(nong)(nong)業轉(zhuan)基因生物(wu)安全(quan)評(ping)價的(de)(de)現象比較(jiao)普遍，“一(yi)(yi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)多名”、“一(yi)(yi)名多品(pin)(pin)(pin)”已(yi)成為(wei)假冒(mao)、套牌和(he)(he)套購等違法侵(qin)權行為(wei)泛濫的(de)(de)直接原因，嚴重擾(rao)亂了正常(chang)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子市(shi)場秩序，侵(qin)害(hai)了廣(guang)大育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)合法權益。
為了規范農業(ye)植物品(pin)種命名，加強品(pin)種名稱管(guan)理，保護(hu)育種者和(he)種子生產者、經營(ying)者、使(shi)用(yong)者的(de)合法(fa)權益(yi)，維護(hu)種子市場秩(zhi)序(xu)，農業(ye)部制定(ding)了《規定(ding)》。其主要(yao)內容為：
一(yi)是明(ming)確(que)適用范圍。《規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)》適用于農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)、農(nong)業(ye)(ye)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)新(xin)(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權和(he)(he)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)轉(zhuan)基因(yin)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)安全(quan)(quan)評價中的農(nong)業(ye)(ye)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)命名。二是規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)“唯(wei)一(yi)性”原則(ze)。要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)一(yi)個(ge)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，無論是申(shen)請(qing)農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)、植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)新(xin)(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)護，還是進(jin)行轉(zhuan)基因(yin)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)安全(quan)(quan)評價，或(huo)是直接進(jin)入生(sheng)(sheng)產、銷(xiao)售環節，始(shi)終只(zhi)能(neng)使用同一(yi)個(ge)名稱。三是明(ming)確(que)具(ju)體要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)“品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名稱應(ying)(ying)當使用規(gui)(gui)(gui)范的漢字(zi)(zi)、英(ying)文字(zi)(zi)母、阿(a)拉伯數(shu)字(zi)(zi)、羅馬數(shu)字(zi)(zi)或(huo)其組合”。同時，又(you)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)了僅以(yi)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)或(huo)英(ying)文字(zi)(zi)母組成、容易引起(qi)誤(wu)解、夸大宣傳、違反國(guo)家法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)和(he)(he)社會公德等不得用于品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)命名的具(ju)體情形。四是建(jian)立(li)公示制度。要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)“申(shen)請(qing)農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)、農(nong)業(ye)(ye)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)新(xin)(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權和(he)(he)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)轉(zhuan)基因(yin)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)安全(quan)(quan)評價的農(nong)業(ye)(ye)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)公告前(qian)應(ying)(ying)當在(zai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部網站公示”，對于省級審(shen)定(ding)的農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，也由農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部統一(yi)公示。五是建(jian)立(li)檢(jian)索系統。農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部將(jiang)建(jian)立(li)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名稱檢(jian)索系統，供(gong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)命名、審(shen)查(cha)和(he)(he)查(cha)詢使用。
《規(gui)定》的頒布實施，將(jiang)有效預(yu)防(fang)和遏制 “一(yi)品多名”“一(yi)名多品”、夸(kua)大(da)宣傳等不正當命(ming)名行為的發生，進(jin)一(yi)步凈化品種市場(chang)。
