進(jin)入5月份，保(bao)護(hu)地蔬菜生(sheng)產進(jin)入后期，主(zhu)要病蟲害也逐(zhu)步向露地蔬菜轉(zhuan)移。5月上旬，我(wo)省(sheng)降水較(jiao)常(chang)年(nian)顯著偏少，氣溫較(jiao)常(chang)年(nian)略偏高，天氣條件(jian)對蟲害的發生(sheng)較(jiao)為有(you)利(li)。據(ju)省(sheng)氣象臺天氣預報，5月中、下旬，我(wo)省(sheng)降水較(jiao)常(chang)年(nian)偏多，氣溫較(jiao)常(chang)年(nian)偏高，對于蔬菜病蟲害的發生(sheng)較(jiao)為有(you)利(li)。
綜合天氣預報(bao)、蔬菜(cai)種植(zhi)情況和病(bing)蟲害(hai)發(fa)生實況，對近期蔬菜(cai)病(bing)蟲害(hai)預報(bao)如下：
1、二代菜(cai)青(qing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)：2級(ji)，魯南、魯西(xi)南局部(bu)地(di)區3級(ji)，較(jiao)(jiao)常年(nian)(nian)(nian)偏輕(qing)，預(yu)計防(fang)治(zhi)適期(qi)(qi)為5月下旬(xun)(xun)到6月上旬(xun)(xun)。據各地(di)5月8-10日調查(cha)，部(bu)分監(jian)測(ce)點(dian)尚未(wei)(wei)查(cha)到卵和(he)(he)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，已查(cha)到菜(cai)青(qing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的監(jian)測(ce)點(dian)其百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)卵量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)也都低于歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)值：鄒城百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)卵量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)2.7粒(li)，比(bi)歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)少(shao)65.4%，百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1.6頭(tou)，比(bi)歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)少(shao)27.3%；濱州市百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)卵量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1.5粒(li)，比(bi)歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)減少(shao)2.53%，幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)未(wei)(wei)查(cha)到；成(cheng)武(wu)縣百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)卵量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)43.2粒(li)，比(bi)歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)少(shao)15.1%，百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)24.2頭(tou)，比(bi)歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)值低；梁山百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)卵量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)7.2粒(li)，百(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)5.4頭(tou)，分別較(jiao)(jiao)常年(nian)(nian)(nian)減少(shao)2.56%和(he)(he)7.45%。近年(nian)(nian)(nian)來，十字花科(ke)蔬菜(cai)大片連作區的減少(shao)以(yi)及大部(bu)分地(di)區春甘藍(lan)定植期(qi)(qi)的提前從而避(bi)開第二代菜(cai)青(qing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的為害也是菜(cai)青(qing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)發生偏輕(qing)的原因(yin)之一。
2、黃(huang)瓜(gua)霜霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)：露地(di)(di)(di)2級(ji)(ji)；保護地(di)(di)(di)4級(ji)(ji)，局部5級(ji)(ji)。目(mu)前，露地(di)(di)(di)黃(huang)瓜(gua)霜霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)或(huo)尚未查(cha)到(dao)(dao)(dao)或(huo)發(fa)生較(jiao)輕，有病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)地(di)(di)(di)塊一般從5月(yue)上、中旬開(kai)始發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率較(jiao)低，發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)情(qing)況較(jiao)常年(nian)偏輕：梁山縣5月(yue)14日(ri)調(diao)查(cha)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率1.79%，比(bi)歷年(nian)同(tong)期減少84.4%，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)情(qing)指數0.03，比(bi)歷年(nian)平(ping)均降低95.7%；沂(yi)南(nan)縣5月(yue)14日(ri)調(diao)查(cha)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率3%，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)情(qing)指數0.38。保護地(di)(di)(di)黃(huang)瓜(gua)霜霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)生情(qing)況差別較(jiao)大：部分(fen)發(fa)生重的地(di)(di)(di)區，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率可(ke)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)40%以(yi)上：臨(lin)淄區5月(yue)15日(ri)調(diao)查(cha)，保護地(di)(di)(di)黃(huang)瓜(gua)霜霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率可(ke)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)100%，比(bi)歷年(nian)同(tong)期高(gao)73%；肥城市5月(yue)14日(ri)調(diao)查(cha)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率40%，比(bi)歷年(nian)同(tong)期高(gao)2倍以(yi)上；防(fang)治較(jiao)好、發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)較(jiao)輕的大棚，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率一般在(zai)10-30%左右。
3、蔬(shu)菜(cai)灰霉病：露(lu)地(di)2級；保護(hu)地(di)3級，局部(bu)(bu)4級。主(zhu)要為(wei)害番茄、黃瓜(gua)、西葫蘆等蔬(shu)菜(cai)作(zuo)物(wu)。目前(qian)，保護(hu)地(di)蔬(shu)菜(cai)病株率一般在4-20%左右，大部(bu)(bu)分監(jian)測點較常(chang)年(nian)偏輕，成武縣5月(yue)上旬(xun)調(diao)查，保護(hu)地(di)黃瓜(gua)病株率平(ping)均(jun)4.8%，比(bi)歷(li)年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)低39.2%，病情指(zhi)數(shu)0.84，比(bi)歷(li)年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)34.1%；鄒城5月(yue)10日調(diao)查，保護(hu)地(di)黃瓜(gua)病株率平(ping)均(jun)4%，比(bi)歷(li)年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)27.5%。露(lu)地(di)黃瓜(gua)尚未(wei)有發(fa)病。
4、番茄早、晚疫(yi)(yi)病(bing)：預計(ji)2級(ji)，露地番茄以早疫(yi)(yi)病(bing)為主。據調查(cha)，早疫(yi)(yi)病(bing)病(bing)株(zhu)率一般為1-5%左(zuo)右，晚疫(yi)(yi)病(bing)病(bing)株(zhu)率一般在1-10%左(zuo)右，大(da)部分監測點發病(bing)情(qing)況較常年偏輕，預計(ji)防治適期(qi)為5月(yue)中、下旬。
5、其他蔬菜病蟲：菜蚜(ya)，3級，局部地區4級；小菜蛾(e)，3級。發(fa)生程(cheng)度和常年相當。
