2012年8月中(zhong)旬主要農作物病(bing)蟲發生趨勢
一、8月上旬農作(zuo)物病蟲發生概(gai)況(kuang)
截(jie)止8月9日(ri)，全市主要農作物累(lei)計發生面積3295.4萬(wan)畝（次），較(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)增19.1%，累(lei)計防治面積3295.4萬(wan)畝（次），較(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)增19.1%。其中(zhong)，水稻(dao)二化螟(ming)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)枯(ku)心率(lv)(lv)(lv)0.93%，較(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)減0.47個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)，銅梁局(ju)(ju)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)田(tian)(tian)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)枯(ku)鞘率(lv)(lv)(lv)達(da)(da)6.5%；平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)白(bai)穗(sui)率(lv)(lv)(lv)0.92%，較(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)增0.24個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)，銅梁局(ju)(ju)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)田(tian)(tian)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)白(bai)穗(sui)率(lv)(lv)(lv)達(da)(da)8.7%。稻(dao)飛虱大田(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)百(bai)(bai)叢蟲(chong)量(liang)為630.6頭(tou)，較(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)增117.6頭(tou)/百(bai)(bai)叢，潼(tong)南(nan)局(ju)(ju)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)田(tian)(tian)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)百(bai)(bai)叢蟲(chong)量(liang)達(da)(da)86000頭(tou)。稻(dao)縱卷葉螟(ming)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)卷葉率(lv)(lv)(lv)3.48%，較(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)高(gao)(gao)0.24個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)，綦江(jiang)局(ju)(ju)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)田(tian)(tian)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)卷葉率(lv)(lv)(lv)達(da)(da)40%；平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)畝幼蟲(chong)量(liang)2644頭(tou)，較(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)高(gao)(gao)1109頭(tou)，榮(rong)昌局(ju)(ju)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)田(tian)(tian)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)畝幼蟲(chong)量(liang)達(da)(da)29318頭(tou)；平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)畝蛾量(liang)550頭(tou)，較(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)高(gao)(gao)145頭(tou)，奉節局(ju)(ju)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)田(tian)(tian)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)畝蛾量(liang)達(da)(da)14100頭(tou)。稻(dao)瘟病(bing)(bing)(bing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)葉率(lv)(lv)(lv)6.65%，較(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)低0.15個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)，潼(tong)南(nan)局(ju)(ju)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)田(tian)(tian)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)葉率(lv)(lv)(lv)達(da)(da)78.5%；合川、銅梁、潼(tong)南(nan)、長壽、綦江(jiang)、渝北、萬(wan)州、忠縣、梁平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)、豐都、秀山等(deng)地出(chu)現穗(sui)頸瘟，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)穗(sui)率(lv)(lv)(lv)5.47%，較(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)低9.77個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)，合川局(ju)(ju)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)田(tian)(tian)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)穗(sui)率(lv)(lv)(lv)達(da)(da)95%。稻(dao)紋枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)18.4%，較(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)高(gao)(gao)0.4個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)，巫山局(ju)(ju)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)田(tian)(tian)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)達(da)(da)82%。玉(yu)米螟(ming)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)螟(ming)害率(lv)(lv)(lv)7.75%，較(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)高(gao)(gao)2.25個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)，秀山局(ju)(ju)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)田(tian)(tian)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)螟(ming)害率(lv)(lv)(lv)達(da)(da)64%。玉(yu)米紋枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)16.2%，較(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)低1個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)，合川局(ju)(ju)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)田(tian)(tian)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)達(da)(da)100%。
當前蔬菜病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)主(zhu)要以(yi)豆野螟、紅(hong)蜘蛛(zhu)、疫病(bing)(bing)等病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)為(wei)主(zhu)。其中(zhong)，豆野螟平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蛀莢(jia)率(lv)5.21%，秀山局(ju)(ju)部田(tian)塊(kuai)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)蛀莢(jia)率(lv)達(da)21.4%。紅(hong)蜘蛛(zhu)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)百株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蟲(chong)(chong)量36頭(tou)(tou)，萬(wan)州局(ju)(ju)部田(tian)塊(kuai)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)百株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蟲(chong)(chong)量達(da)324.3頭(tou)(tou)。茄(qie)子疫病(bing)(bing)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)5.63%，北碚局(ju)(ju)部田(tian)塊(kuai)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)病(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)達(da)62.1%。辣椒疫病(bing)(bing)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)3.9%，潼南局(ju)(ju)部田(tian)塊(kuai)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)病(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)達(da)59.4%。果(guo)(guo)樹病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)以(yi)紅(hong)蜘蛛(zhu)、黃(huang)(huang)蜘蛛(zhu)、矢(shi)(shi)尖蚧(jie)為(wei)主(zhu)，黑刺粉虱(shi)、柑桔粉虱(shi)、黑星病(bing)(bing)、脂點黃(huang)(huang)斑病(bing)(bing)局(ju)(ju)部地區發生(sheng)。其中(zhong)：紅(hong)蜘蛛(zhu)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)百葉(xie)(xie)蟲(chong)(chong)量148.6頭(tou)(tou)，較(jiao)上(shang)年同期(qi)(qi)低(di)12.4頭(tou)(tou)，奉節最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)百葉(xie)(xie)蟲(chong)(chong)量達(da)987頭(tou)(tou)；平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有蟲(chong)(chong)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)41.2%，較(jiao)上(shang)年同期(qi)(qi)低(di)2.1個百分點，奉節局(ju)(ju)部果(guo)(guo)園(yuan)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)有蟲(chong)(chong)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)75%。黃(huang)(huang)蜘蛛(zhu)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)百葉(xie)(xie)蟲(chong)(chong)量18.5頭(tou)(tou)，較(jiao)上(shang)年同期(qi)(qi)低(di)4.5頭(tou)(tou)，萬(wan)州局(ju)(ju)部果(guo)(guo)園(yuan)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)百葉(xie)(xie)蟲(chong)(chong)量88頭(tou)(tou)；平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有蟲(chong)(chong)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)28.9%，較(jiao)上(shang)年同期(qi)(qi)低(di)5.8個百分點，江津局(ju)(ju)部果(guo)(guo)園(yuan)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)有蟲(chong)(chong)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)52.3%。矢(shi)(shi)尖蚧(jie)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)百葉(xie)(xie)蟲(chong)(chong)量85.6頭(tou)(tou)，墊江局(ju)(ju)部果(guo)(guo)園(yuan)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)百葉(xie)(xie)蟲(chong)(chong)量243.7頭(tou)(tou)。
二、8月中旬農作物病(bing)蟲發生趨勢
當(dang)前，我市水稻(dao)中低山(shan)平壩地區處(chu)于(yu)灌漿(jiang)期-成熟(shu)期，高(gao)山(shan)水稻(dao)處(chu)于(yu)揚(yang)花期-灌漿(jiang)期；玉(yu)米低山(shan)平壩地區已(yi)收獲，中高(gao)山(shan)處(chu)于(yu)成熟(shu)期。根據(ju)氣象預報及當(dang)前病蟲(chong)害發生情況等因素綜合分析(xi)，預計8月(yue)中旬：
水(shui)稻病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)低山(shan)平壩地區(qu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)趨(qu)于(yu)穩定，中(zhong)高山(shan)地區(qu)二化(hua)螟、稻縱卷葉螟、稻紋枯病(bing)(bing)、稻瘟病(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)(du)3級，渝南地區(qu)中(zhong)高山(shan)稻飛虱發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)(du)4級。玉米病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)基本(ben)穩定。蔬菜病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)以豆野螟、紅蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)、疫病(bing)(bing)為主，總體發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)(du)3級，較(jiao)(jiao)上年同期相當。柑桔(jie)病(bing)(bing)蟲總體發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)(du)2級，其中(zhong)，紅蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)、黃(huang)蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)(du)2級，矢尖蚧發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度(du)(du)2-3級，黑(hei)刺(ci)粉(fen)虱、柑桔(jie)粉(fen)虱、惡性葉甲(jia)、柑桔(jie)炭疽病(bing)(bing)、黑(hei)星病(bing)(bing)、脂點(dian)黃(huang)斑病(bing)(bing)在部分果園發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)重。
三、防治建議
1、8月中(zhong)旬重點要對中(zhong)高山(shan)(shan)地(di)區(qu)稻飛虱、稻縱卷葉螟前期防(fang)治不到位且(qie)田間(jian)蟲量(liang)仍(reng)較高的(de)田塊進(jin)行補治。高山(shan)(shan)地(di)區(qu)要注意(yi)穗頸瘟的(de)防(fang)治工作。
2、蔬(shu)菜病(bing)(bing)蟲防(fang)治以(yi)疫病(bing)(bing)、紅(hong)蜘蛛、蚜蟲等(deng)為(wei)主，石柱等(deng)辣椒(jiao)基地應重(zhong)點關注辣椒(jiao)疫病(bing)(bing)、茶黃螨、夜蛾科等(deng)病(bing)(bing)蟲害的發生動態。柑桔病(bing)(bing)蟲以(yi)柑桔粉虱、柑桔潛葉蛾、矢尖蚧以(yi)及黑星病(bing)(bing)為(wei)重(zhong)點監測和防(fang)治對象。各地要及時(shi)發布病(bing)(bing)蟲信(xin)息，指導(dao)防(fang)治工作。
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