有一位專家說過:“如同醫藥和其它化學品一樣,農藥發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宗旨是造福人類(lei)。”筆者對(dui)此十(shi)分(fen)認同(tong)(tong)(tong),一語道出了農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要性。眾所(suo)周(zhou)知,農(nong)藥(yao)和醫(yi)藥(yao)本來就是“同(tong)(tong)(tong)宗同(tong)(tong)(tong)源(yuan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個分(fen)支,同(tong)(tong)(tong)屬于(yu)具(ju)有(you)生物(wu)活性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“功(gong)能化學品”,縱觀其是非功(gong)過、利弊得失,又何其相似。如果非要說有(you)什么(me)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)便是應(ying)用對(dui)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong),它(ta)們是“同(tong)(tong)(tong)門二(er)物(wu)”,是“姊妹花”,醫(yi)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用對(dui)象是頂天立地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人,而農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用對(dui)象是人類(lei)賴以生存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)作物(wu),醫(yi)藥(yao)與農(nong)藥(yao)“殊途(tu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)歸”,“道不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)而意相同(tong)(tong)(tong)”,前者是“人命關天”,后(hou)者是“民以食(shi)為天”。
專家指出:人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)目(mu)前認知的(de)(de)有機化合(he)(he)物有數千萬種,我們日常生活中可能要接觸到的(de)(de)天然(ran)化學(xue)(xue)品(pin)(pin)和(he)合(he)(he)成化學(xue)(xue)品(pin)(pin)也有成千上萬,可謂“天涯無處不(bu)化學(xue)(xue)”。無論天然(ran)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)、還是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工合(he)(he)成的(de)(de),我們都在(zai)無時(shi)不(bu)刻地通(tong)過食用、通(tong)過皮(pi)膚和(he)呼吸攝取這(zhe)些化學(xue)(xue)品(pin)(pin)。有一類(lei)化學(xue)(xue)品(pin)(pin),每個人(ren)(ren)(ren)都心甘情(qing)愿(yuan)地服(fu)用它,這(zhe)就是(shi)用于醫(yi)治(zhi)疾病、歸(gui)類(lei)為醫(yi)藥的(de)(de)化學(xue)(xue)品(pin)(pin)。而歸(gui)類(lei)為農藥的(de)(de)化學(xue)(xue)品(pin)(pin),實則上也用于改善植物、動物和(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)健康。
然而(er)社會公(gong)眾(zhong)對冠以“農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”的(de)化(hua)學品成見(jian)太深、偏(pian)見(jian)太偏(pian);往往是(shi)(shi)只見(jian)其弊(bi),只言其害,不(bu)(bu)(bu)談(tan)其利,更(geng)有(you)(you)些(xie)公(gong)共媒體時而(er)借題發揮、夸大其詞,更(geng)有(you)(you)些(xie)媒體甚(shen)(shen)至(zhi)嘩眾(zhong)取寵、“仇視農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”,把(ba)由個(ge)別農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)引發的(de)負面影響(xiang)個(ge)案、甚(shen)(shen)至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)當導致的(de)惡果(guo)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)青紅(hong)皂白”演繹到整個(ge)化(hua)學農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)范疇,甚(shen)(shen)至(zhi)“妖魔化(hua)”;言重點(dian)是(shi)(shi)“別有(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)心”,結果(guo)是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)貢(gong)獻很(hen)大,卻(que)討(tao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到好名聲。“使(shi)用(yong)(yong)常惹(re)禍,農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)背黑鍋(guo)”,這是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)公(gong)平的(de),也是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)科學的(de)。
其實,化學(xue)農藥(yao)(yao)和化學(xue)藥(yao)(yao)物本質上是一(yi)致(zhi)的,大可不(bu)必(bi)“厚此(ci)薄彼(bi)”,更不(bu)應該“顧此(ci)失彼(bi)”。動植(zhi)物健(jian)(jian)康(kang)關乎人(ren)類(lei)健(jian)(jian)康(kang),用于保護糧食(shi)生(sheng)產的農藥(yao)(yao),對保護人(ren)類(lei)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)來說,與醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)同等(deng)重(zhong)要(yao)。農藥(yao)(yao)與醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)同是人(ren)類(lei)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)必(bi)不(bu)可少的重(zhong)要(yao)化學(xue)品,我們(men)必(bi)須客觀(guan)、公正、公平、科(ke)學(xue)對待。
專家告(gao)訴我們:農(nong)藥對傳播給人類(lei)和動物疾病的(de)(de)媒(mei)介生物防(fang)治發揮了十分重要的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong),是用(yong)其他物資和方法無法完全替代的(de)(de)。舉例來說,如果不(bu)使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)藥對瘧蚊(wen)進(jin)行(xing)有(you)效防(fang)治,每年將有(you)數(shu)以百萬計的(de)(de)人口(kou)死于瘧疾。
據報道,不少植物會產生對人有明顯不良影響的過敏性物質。如豚草會引發人類的嚴重疾病,這在全球范圍內已廣為人知,而每株豚草最多可產生30億個花粉細胞。1990年僅美國由于花粉癥所造成的直接和間接費用就高達18億美元。隨著第二代抗組胺藥的發現與開發,針對美國花粉癥受害群體的直接開支估計達34億美元之巨。多種化學除草劑都是(shi)防除(chu)豚(tun)草(cao)(cao)和常(chang)春藤等過敏性(xing)(xing)毒(du)性(xing)(xing)雜草(cao)(cao)的(de)有效工具,不僅(jin)可以(yi)使雜草(cao)(cao)死(si)亡,有些還可以(yi)斬草(cao)(cao)除(chu)根,再次(ci)說明農藥對(dui)保護(hu)人類健康的(de)重要(yao)作(zuo)用。
植物如同人(ren)(ren)(ren),莊稼(jia)也(ye)會生(sheng)病,也(ye)會受到(dao)害蟲(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)困(kun)擾,要(yao)(yao)(yao)長得健康(kang)就需要(yao)(yao)(yao)護(hu)理(li)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)可置疑,農藥通過改善作物健康(kang)間接地(di)保護(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類健康(kang)。農藥使用可平(ping)均增加(jia)(jia)32%的(de)(de)(de)(de)作物產量,從而保障了日(ri)益增長的(de)(de)(de)(de)世界人(ren)(ren)(ren)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)供應。糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)產量的(de)(de)(de)(de)增加(jia)(jia)從根本上(shang)減少了因(yin)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)供應不(bu)(bu)(bu)足所造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)良,而營(ying)養(yang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)良是(shi)許多人(ren)(ren)(ren)類疾病的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)原因(yin)或病情加(jia)(jia)劇的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)因(yin)素。
隨(sui)著科學技術(shu)的(de)發展,現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)已(yi)超出傳(chuan)統農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)概念(nian),不僅用于傳(chuan)統的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)﹑林﹑牧﹑漁等大農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)領域,還用于衛(wei)生(sheng)、建筑(zhu)、交通、紡織、皮革、建材、軍事等非農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)領域。毫不夸張地說,現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)已(yi)經涉(she)足人們的(de)衣食(shi)住(zhu)行,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)與人類健康聯系得越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)緊密。
對待農(nong)藥(yao),我們不(bu)能“門(men)縫(feng)里看(kan)”,把它(ta)(ta)看(kan)“偏”了,更不(bu)能“閉眼”,把它(ta)(ta)“一抹(mo)黑(hei)”。因此,我們要大聲疾呼:正眼看(kan)農(nong)藥(yao),還農(nong)藥(yao)以清(qing)白,待農(nong)藥(yao)以公平!