一、發生實況
當前(qian)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)處于(yu)移栽階段，水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害陸續發(fa)生(sheng)，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)量上(shang)升快，截至目前(qian)，發(fa)生(sheng)面積(ji)44.42萬畝(mu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)，主要有：白(bai)背飛虱、稻(dao)(dao)縱卷葉螟、稻(dao)(dao)稈潛蠅(ying)、稻(dao)(dao)水(shui)(shui)象(xiang)甲、稻(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)病(bing)、立枯病(bing)、惡苗病(bing)等。主要特(te)點(dian)為：當前(qian)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)面積(ji)較去(qu)年同(tong)期(qi)(qi)偏少(shao)；水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)“兩遷(qian)(qian)”害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)期(qi)(qi)偏晚，前(qian)期(qi)(qi)遷(qian)(qian)入峰(feng)次(ci)(ci)(ci)少(shao)、蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)量小，近期(qi)(qi)遷(qian)(qian)入峰(feng)次(ci)(ci)(ci)多、蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)量大，大大高于(yu)往(wang)年同(tong)期(qi)(qi)；稻(dao)(dao)水(shui)(shui)象(xiang)甲、惡苗病(bing)、立枯病(bing)等在部分地(di)區發(fa)生(sheng)。
1、白背飛(fei)虱(shi)：當(dang)前田(tian)(tian)(tian)間以(yi)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)為(wei)主(zhu)，主(zhu)要危害秧田(tian)(tian)(tian)和(he)早栽大田(tian)(tian)(tian)，發(fa)生面積21.62萬(wan)(wan)畝，主(zhu)要發(fa)生在黔(qian)南州、黔(qian)東南、黔(qian)西南、畢節、六(liu)盤水(shui)、遵義(yi)等地，黃平(ping)(ping)、天(tian)柱、平(ping)(ping)塘、從江(jiang)、榕江(jiang)等縣(xian)(xian)較重，秧田(tian)(tian)(tian)一(yi)般密度210頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/㎡，最高達4854頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/㎡（平(ping)(ping)塘縣(xian)(xian)）。燈下(xia)始見期(qi)(qi)為(wei)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)10日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)（荔波(bo)縣(xian)(xian)），較去(qu)年早4天(tian)。5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)以(yi)來(lai)，遷入(ru)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)次(ci)增多，遷入(ru)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)急速上升，個別(bie)縣(xian)(xian)點蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)之大歷年罕(han)見，羅甸、荔波(bo)、三都、都勻、惠水(shui)、榕江(jiang)、錦屏(ping)、天(tian)柱、雷山、興(xing)義(yi)、冊亨、望(wang)謨等縣(xian)(xian)均出現遷入(ru)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)。荔波(bo)縣(xian)(xian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)21日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)22日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)期(qi)(qi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)5152頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，峰(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)22日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)4560頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)25日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)6.9萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)；羅甸縣(xian)(xian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)8日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)15日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)期(qi)(qi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)2.7萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，峰(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)12日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)2.1萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)19日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)期(qi)(qi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)68萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，是去(qu)年同期(qi)(qi)的19.5倍，峰(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)24日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)18.7萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)；都勻市5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)12日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)14日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)期(qi)(qi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)1894頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)22至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)23日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)期(qi)(qi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)2.2萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)；三都縣(xian)(xian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)23至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)期(qi)(qi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)10.5萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，為(wei)歷年的3.2倍，去(qu)年的6.7倍；惠水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)21日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)期(qi)(qi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)3309頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)；榕江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)9日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)24日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)期(qi)(qi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)14.2萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)；錦屏(ping)縣(xian)(xian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)11日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)14日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)期(qi)(qi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)2237頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，是歷年的7.2倍。
2、稻(dao)縱卷(juan)(juan)葉螟：發生(sheng)(sheng)面積1.5萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，主要(yao)發生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)黔南、黔東南等地發生(sheng)(sheng)，平(ping)塘、獨山(shan)、三都(dou)、從江(jiang)、榕江(jiang)等縣(xian)(xian)(xian)發生(sheng)(sheng)較重，當前以(yi)成蟲為(wei)(wei)主，田間(jian)一般蛾(e)量(liang)(liang)60頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，高的320頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)（天柱縣(xian)(xian)(xian)），個別(bie)田塊零星(xing)發生(sheng)(sheng)卵(luan)和幼蟲。如榕江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)5月(yue)21日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)雜草趕蛾(e)104頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，早(zao)秧田蛾(e)量(liang)(liang)111頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，卵(luan)量(liang)(liang)40粒/百(bai)株，幼蟲60頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/百(bai)株，卷(juan)(juan)葉率4%。稻(dao)縱卷(juan)(juan)葉螟于4月(yue)26日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)糖醋排(pai)(pai)下(xia)始見（三都(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)）。黃平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)5月(yue)12日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至24日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)排(pai)(pai)下(xia)蛾(e)量(liang)(liang)318頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，是去年的5.2倍，峰(feng)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)5月(yue)24日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)蛾(e)量(liang)(liang)269頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)；從江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)5月(yue)20日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至24日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)燈(deng)(deng)下(xia)蛾(e)量(liang)(liang)66頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，為(wei)(wei)去年的3.7倍，峰(feng)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)5月(yue)21日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)蛾(e)量(liang)(liang)21頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)；榕江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)5月(yue)21日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至24日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)燈(deng)(deng)下(xia)蛾(e)量(liang)(liang)38頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，為(wei)(wei)去年同峰(feng)3.2倍。天柱縣(xian)(xian)(xian)5月(yue)20日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至26日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)排(pai)(pai)下(xia)蛾(e)量(liang)(liang)49頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，峰(feng)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)5月(yue)25日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)蛾(e)量(liang)(liang)15頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。
3、稻瘟病(bing)：發(fa)生面積3.48萬畝(mu)，主(zhu)要發(fa)生在遵(zun)義、畢節(jie)等地，一(yi)般病(bing)株率4.2%，高的34.5%。
4、稻(dao)稈潛蠅：發(fa)生(sheng)面積(ji)達12.62萬畝，主要(yao)發(fa)生(sheng)區域為(wei)遵義市(shi)、黔(qian)東南(nan)、黔(qian)南(nan)，一般被害株率(lv)4.5%，高的89%，一般百株卵量30粒(li)，高的130粒(li)。
5、螟蟲(chong)、薊馬(ma)、惡苗病、立枯病等：發(fa)生(sheng)5.2萬(wan)畝(mu)，螟蟲(chong)以二化螟為主(zhu)，一(yi)般枯鞘率(lv)3%，高的8%，主(zhu)要發(fa)生(sheng)在黔東(dong)南(nan)、遵(zun)義、銅仁(ren)等地；薊馬(ma)主(zhu)要發(fa)生(sheng)在黔東(dong)南(nan)，一(yi)般被害株率(lv)5%，高的32%。
二、發生趨勢
根據近年來病(bing)(bing)蟲害發(fa)生實況(kuang)和品(pin)種布局(ju)及氣象情況(kuang)分析，預計今(jin)年水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)重大(da)病(bing)(bing)蟲害偏重發(fa)生，重大(da)病(bing)(bing)蟲主要(yao)有稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)病(bing)(bing)（葉(xie)瘟(wen)）、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛虱、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)縱卷葉(xie)螟、二化螟、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)稈潛蠅等(deng)，水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)病(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing)、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)水(shui)象甲等(deng)將在部(bu)分地區發(fa)生危害。其(qi)中：
第三代白背飛(fei)虱，中等(deng)偏重(zhong)(zhong)發生，發生面積(ji)300萬畝，主要發生區為(wei)黔南、黔東(dong)南、遵(zun)義、銅仁(ren)等(deng)常(chang)年重(zhong)(zhong)發區和發生區，危(wei)害盛期在6月中、下旬至7月上旬。
第三代稻縱(zong)卷葉螟，中等(deng)偏重發生(sheng)，發生(sheng)面積300萬(wan)畝，主(zhu)要在省(sheng)的東部和(he)南部發生(sheng)，危害盛(sheng)期在6月(yue)中、下旬(xun)至(zhi)7月(yue)上旬(xun)。
稻瘟病（葉瘟），中等發生，發生面積約200萬(wan)畝，流行(xing)盛期(qi)在6月(yue)下旬至7月(yue)中、下旬。
