受前(qian)期北(bei)(bei)方大(da)部降水偏少的影(ying)響，當(dang)前(qian)玉(yu)米病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害發生程(cheng)度輕(qing)于前(qian)兩(liang)(liang)年，三代粘(zhan)蟲(chong)、玉(yu)米螟和葉斑(ban)(ban)類病(bing)(bing)害等(deng)喜(xi)濕性(xing)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)的危(wei)害明顯(xian)減輕(qing)，雙斑(ban)(ban)螢(ying)葉甲(jia)、蚜蟲(chong)、葉螨等(deng)喜(xi)旱性(xing)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)危(wei)害加(jia)(jia)重。其中(zhong)(zhong)，三代粘(zhan)蟲(chong)為(wei)害比前(qian)兩(liang)(liang)年明顯(xian)減輕(qing)，華北(bei)(bei)局部出現高密度集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)害地塊(kuai)；玉(yu)米螟發生面(mian)積大(da)，新疆危(wei)害程(cheng)度重；雙斑(ban)(ban)螢(ying)葉甲(jia)和蚜蟲(chong)等(deng)在北(bei)(bei)方部分地區為(wei)害加(jia)(jia)重；葉斑(ban)(ban)類病(bing)(bing)害發生普(pu)遍，北(bei)(bei)方春玉(yu)米大(da)斑(ban)(ban)病(bing)(bing)危(wei)害較重。
一、三(san)代(dai)粘蟲危害比前兩年(nian)明顯減輕(qing)，出現局部嚴(yan)重(zhong)受(shou)害田
受蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)源(yuan)基數和(he)干旱天氣的影響，今年(nian)三代粘(zhan)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)在東(dong)北(bei)、華北(bei)和(he)黃淮等地大(da)部(bu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)低、危害輕，僅河北(bei)局部(bu)出現高(gao)密度種(zhong)群、造(zao)成嚴重受害。7月末至8月上旬各(ge)地調查,黑龍江省(sheng)(sheng)未(wei)見為(wei)害，吉林(lin)省(sheng)(sheng)零(ling)星見蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，遼寧省(sheng)(sheng)見蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)285萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，百株(zhu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)多在5頭以(yi)下(xia)。內(nei)蒙古區(qu)通(tong)遼市科左中旗(qi)、庫(ku)倫旗(qi)田塊(kuai)(kuai)見蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。河北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)見蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)224萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，大(da)部(bu)地區(qu)百株(zhu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)低于5頭，但廊坊市文安縣一雜草多、面(mian)積(ji)約300畝(mu)(mu)(mu)田塊(kuai)(kuai)，平均百株(zhu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)9頭，最高(gao)達350頭，有60畝(mu)(mu)(mu)棒三葉以(yi)下(xia)葉片(pian)被吃成光稈(gan)；承德市盧龍縣繼上年(nian)嚴重發(fa)生(sheng)后，今年(nian)在蛤(ha)泊鄉(xiang)坨村80畝(mu)(mu)(mu)玉米田再次嚴重發(fa)生(sheng)，其中約35畝(mu)(mu)(mu)百株(zhu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)為(wei)30-100頭。山東(dong)總(zong)體(ti)發(fa)生(sheng)較輕，濱州、威海、煙臺市百株(zhu)有蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)在4頭以(yi)下(xia)，最高(gao)為(wei)17頭。山西省(sheng)(sheng)在運城市發(fa)生(sheng)15萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，百株(zhu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)量(liang)3-5頭。
二、玉米螟發(fa)生(sheng)面積大，新(xin)疆(jiang)危害程度重
玉(yu)米螟全國各玉(yu)米產區普遍發生(sheng)，目(mu)前一至(zhi)三(san)(san)代玉(yu)米螟累計(ji)發生(sheng)面積(ji)1.57億畝。黑(hei)龍江(jiang)發生(sheng)2947萬畝，接近(jin)常(chang)(chang)年；吉林省(sheng)一代中等發生(sheng)，平(ping)均(jun)(jun)被害(hai)(hai)株(zhu)率(lv)(lv)5%，平(ping)均(jun)(jun)百(bai)(bai)(bai)稈蟲量8頭(tou)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)為23頭(tou)，二(er)代已開始危害(hai)(hai)。遼(liao)寧(ning)省(sheng)發生(sheng)800萬畝，較(jiao)常(chang)(chang)年輕(qing)，被害(hai)(hai)株(zhu)率(lv)(lv)約為5%，個(ge)別(bie)地塊(kuai)超過10%。山(shan)西省(sheng)南部地區處于(yu)三(san)(san)代發生(sheng)盛期，一般平(ping)均(jun)(jun)百(bai)(bai)(bai)株(zhu)蟲量5-15頭(tou)，個(ge)別(bie)嚴重地塊(kuai)達46頭(tou)；被害(hai)(hai)株(zhu)率(lv)(lv)一般為9%-15%，最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)達51%，明顯高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)去(qu)年同期；中北部二(er)代玉(yu)米螟危害(hai)(hai)輕(qing)于(yu)去(qu)年。山(shan)東省(sheng)二(er)代平(ping)均(jun)(jun)百(bai)(bai)(bai)株(zhu)蟲量5.6頭(tou)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)70頭(tou)，平(ping)均(jun)(jun)被害(hai)(hai)株(zhu)率(lv)(lv)12%，最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)34%；三(san)(san)代開始發生(sheng)。新疆在喀什和伊犁偏重發生(sheng)，局部大發生(sheng)，喀什嚴重田塊(kuai)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)被害(hai)(hai)株(zhu)率(lv)(lv)65%，蛀莖(jing)率(lv)(lv)54%，雌穗被害(hai)(hai)率(lv)(lv)33%，百(bai)(bai)(bai)株(zhu)蟲量151頭(tou)。云南省(sheng)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)百(bai)(bai)(bai)株(zhu)蟲量28頭(tou)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)80頭(tou)；平(ping)均(jun)(jun)被害(hai)(hai)株(zhu)率(lv)(lv)5%，最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)33%。
三、喜旱性害蟲在北方部分(fen)地區危害嚴(yan)重(zhong)
受高溫(wen)干旱氣候的影響，雙斑(ban)螢(ying)葉甲(jia)、蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)、葉螨等害蟲(chong)(chong)在(zai)(zai)部分地區危害嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)，雙斑(ban)螢(ying)葉甲(jia)在(zai)(zai)內蒙(meng)古(gu)、河北、新(xin)疆(jiang)等地偏(pian)重(zhong)(zhong)發生(sheng)，內蒙(meng)古(gu)赤峰(feng)市(shi)(shi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蟲(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)100-300頭(tou)(tou)，嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)地塊1000-3000頭(tou)(tou)；通遼市(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)百(bai)(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蟲(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)300-500頭(tou)(tou)，最高2000頭(tou)(tou)。新(xin)疆(jiang)博(bo)州(zhou)被害株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)8%-24%，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)百(bai)(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蟲(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)3-51頭(tou)(tou)，最高單株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有(you)蟲(chong)(chong)達(da)51頭(tou)(tou)。蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)在(zai)(zai)內蒙(meng)古(gu)、河北、天津、山東、安徽等地偏(pian)重(zhong)(zhong)發生(sheng)。河北省廊坊市(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)19%，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)百(bai)(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蚜(ya)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)440頭(tou)(tou)，廣陽區最高為(wei)(wei)2000頭(tou)(tou)；滄州(zhou)任丘市(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)5%-15%，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)百(bai)(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蚜(ya)量(liang)(liang)(liang)1000-1500頭(tou)(tou)。山東省菏澤、淄博(bo)部分地塊單株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蚜(ya)量(liang)(liang)(liang)分別(bie)大于150頭(tou)(tou)和500頭(tou)(tou)；聊(liao)城市(shi)(shi)東阿(a)縣蚜(ya)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)5%-7%，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)百(bai)(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蚜(ya)量(liang)(liang)(liang)738頭(tou)(tou)，最高1210頭(tou)(tou)。安徽省平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)有(you)蚜(ya)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)3%，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)百(bai)(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蚜(ya)量(liang)(liang)(liang)135頭(tou)(tou)。葉螨在(zai)(zai)天津、新(xin)疆(jiang)偏(pian)重(zhong)(zhong)發生(sheng)。新(xin)疆(jiang)塔城盆地一般田(tian)(tian)塊百(bai)(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有(you)螨800-1500頭(tou)(tou)，嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)田(tian)(tian)塊百(bai)(bai)(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)5000-20000頭(tou)(tou)，額敏縣團結農場個別(bie)田(tian)(tian)塊超過10萬頭(tou)(tou)，最高達(da)20萬頭(tou)(tou)以上，明顯(xian)高于歷(li)年同期。
四、葉斑類病(bing)害發(fa)生普遍(bian)，北方春玉米大斑病(bing)危害較重(zhong)
往年發(fa)(fa)生較為(wei)(wei)普遍的(de)大斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、小斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、褐(he)斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、彎(wan)孢霉(mei)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、灰斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)斑類病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害，今年受(shou)近(jin)期干旱(han)影響，北(bei)(bei)方地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)大部病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)情(qing)發(fa)(fa)展慢、程度(du)輕，但內(nei)蒙古和(he)河(he)北(bei)(bei)等(deng)部分(fen)降水正(zheng)常或水澆條件好的(de)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)情(qing)較重。其中(zhong)(zhong)，大斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)、華北(bei)(bei)、西(xi)南等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)發(fa)(fa)生，內(nei)蒙古鄂爾多(duo)斯市(shi)(shi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)一(yi)般為(wei)(wei)30%-50%，重發(fa)(fa)地(di)(di)(di)塊為(wei)(wei)50%-80%，烏審旗(qi)一(yi)地(di)(di)(di)塊病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)100%；通(tong)遼(liao)(liao)市(shi)(shi)奈曼旗(qi)水庫旁約3000畝一(yi)田(tian)塊病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)達(da)80%，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)超過30%；興(xing)安(an)盟(meng)科右中(zhong)(zhong)旗(qi)嚴(yan)重田(tian)塊病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)達(da)70%，部分(fen)植株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)棒(bang)三葉(xie)(xie)(xie)上見病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)斑。遼(liao)(liao)寧(ning)省(sheng)(sheng)前期在(zai)局部地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)感病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)品種上病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)5%-10%，嚴(yan)重的(de)可達(da)30%-50%，近(jin)期干旱(han)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)情(qing)發(fa)(fa)展受(shou)到抑(yi)制。河(he)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)承德縣(xian)(xian)重發(fa)(fa)地(di)(di)(di)塊病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)一(yi)般為(wei)(wei)25%-27%，最高(gao)達(da)100%。北(bei)(bei)京(jing)市(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)7%，最高(gao)65%。山東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)近(jin)期病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)情(qing)加重，濟(ji)南、威(wei)海(hai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)5%-12%、9%-16%。云南省(sheng)(sheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)田(tian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)36%，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)2%。小斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)黃(huang)淮和(he)西(xi)南地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)發(fa)(fa)生，山東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)濟(ji)南病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)1%-6%。云南省(sheng)(sheng)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)田(tian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)41%，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)2%。褐(he)斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)主要在(zai)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)、華北(bei)(bei)和(he)黃(huang)淮地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)發(fa)(fa)生，內(nei)蒙古區(qu)(qu)通(tong)遼(liao)(liao)市(shi)(shi)開(kai)魯縣(xian)(xian)和(he)科左中(zhong)(zhong)旗(qi)的(de)部分(fen)田(tian)塊病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)達(da)50%-80%。河(he)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)廊坊市(shi)(shi)、保定市(shi)(shi)和(he)天(tian)津市(shi)(shi)一(yi)些田(tian)塊下部葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)較為(wei)(wei)普遍。山東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)濟(ji)寧(ning)市(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)田(tian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)29%，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)7%，最高(gao)為(wei)(wei)22%。江蘇在(zai)沿海(hai)及淮北(bei)(bei)局部地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)發(fa)(fa)生，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)2%。灰斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)山東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)威(wei)海(hai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)4%，最高(gao)9%；云南省(sheng)(sheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)33.6%，最高(gao)達(da)100%；內(nei)蒙古區(qu)(qu)通(tong)遼(liao)(liao)和(he)興(xing)安(an)盟(meng)等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)易(yi)見病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)。
另外(wai)，頂腐病(bing)和瘤(liu)黑粉病(bing)在部(bu)分地(di)區為害加重(zhong)，其中，頂腐病(bing)在山(shan)東和天(tian)津等地(di)重(zhong)于(yu)(yu)往(wang)年，干旱(han)天(tian)氣突遇降雨導致病(bing)情加重(zhong)，尤以含糖量高的鮮(xian)食玉米及田(tian)間秸稈(gan)較多的田(tian)塊發生較重(zhong)。瘤(liu)黑粉病(bing)在河北省廊坊(fang)和保定(ding)等地(di)植株莖稈(gan)和雌穗上易(yi)見(jian)瘤(liu)狀物，今年的高溫干旱(han)氣候有利(li)于(yu)(yu)其侵染和擴散，病(bing)情較重(zhong)于(yu)(yu)常年。
據國家氣候中心預測，8月下旬，江淮(huai)、江南、華南中西部(bu)、西南地(di)區(qu)東(dong)部(bu)等地(di)降(jiang)(jiang)雨量有50-110毫(hao)米，降(jiang)(jiang)雨偏多天(tian)氣對南方(fang)地(di)區(qu)大(da)斑病(bing)、莖腐(fu)病(bing)、穗腐(fu)病(bing)、玉(yu)米螟等病(bing)蟲發生(sheng)有利；西北(bei)(bei)地(di)區(qu)東(dong)部(bu)、華北(bei)(bei)、黃(huang)淮(huai)以及(ji)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)地(di)區(qu)降(jiang)(jiang)雨量在30毫(hao)米以下，較少降(jiang)(jiang)水不利于多數(shu)病(bing)害的發展，但對北(bei)(bei)方(fang)大(da)部(bu)蚜蟲、葉(xie)(xie)螨、雙斑螢葉(xie)(xie)甲、棉(mian)鈴蟲等喜(xi)旱性病(bing)蟲的繼(ji)續發生(sheng)危害有利。
