“食品安全”、“有機農產品”、“安全科學用藥”“化學農藥有毒”等詞(ci)一直(zhi)刺激著(zhu)人們(men)的眼球，公(gong)(gong)眾對農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)零容(rong)忍，很(hen)多(duo)人開始抵制農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)，對任何與農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)有關的詞(ci)都會反感。但生物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)在(zai)公(gong)(gong)眾眼中卻(que)能(neng)獨善其身，這不得(de)(de)不讓我們(men)為(wei)生物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)產業叫好(hao)。可(ke)是(shi)在(zai)實際農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產中，又有多(duo)少(shao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)愿意或主動使(shi)用(yong)生物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)呢?據記(ji)者調查(cha)，在(zai)經(jing)濟作物區主動使(shi)用(yong)或意愿使(shi)用(yong)生物農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶不到30%，在(zai)糧食作物產區更是(shi)少(shao)得(de)(de)可(ke)憐。
在發(fa)(fa)達國家如(ru)美國等，有(you)機(ji)(ji)農(nong)(nong)業發(fa)(fa)展迅(xun)速，促進了生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展，生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)比重已(yi)經超過(guo)30%。有(you)機(ji)(ji)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中，生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使用遠高于化學農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。筆者(zhe)認為，生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)可以滿足(zu)有(you)機(ji)(ji)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)特性必須(xu)加(jia)以宣(xuan)傳，讓農(nong)(nong)民認識到有(you)機(ji)(ji)農(nong)(nong)業帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)巨大經濟(ji)效益。
中(zhong)國近年來一直(zhi)倡導安全科學用(yong)藥(yao)，減少化(hua)學農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)用(yong)量，努力推廣綠色農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，生物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)企業(ye)發展(zhan)遇到(dao)新的(de)契機。然而，種植者并不愿意主(zhu)動使用(yong)生物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，他們認(ren)為化(hua)學農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)見效快、防(fang)治(zhi)效果好(hao)。
筆者認為，生物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)銷售、推廣和使(shi)用走入了誤區。在推廣和使(shi)用過程中，不能將(jiang)(jiang)生物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和化(hua)學農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)混為一談，不能強(qiang)調(diao)生物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)既然好就要從藥(yao)(yao)(yao)效、持效、速效等方(fang)面都(dou)要比(bi)化(hua)學農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)好，而應該關(guan)注生物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的特點(dian)，將(jiang)(jiang)特點(dian)放大，在“缺點(dian)”中挖掘優點(dian)。
生(sheng)(sheng)物農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)固然比很(hen)多化學農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)見效(xiao)慢(man)，遇到一(yi)些特殊天氣效(xiao)果(guo)就更差。在(zai)(zai)推廣(guang)過(guo)程中應該強調殘效(xiao)，很(hen)多化學農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)因為有(you)效(xiao)成分(fen)結構(gou)穩定，在(zai)(zai)作物上和土(tu)壤(rang)中很(hen)難分(fen)解(jie)，需要嚴格控制安全間隔期，在(zai)(zai)安全間隔期內絕(jue)對不能(neng)施藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，而生(sheng)(sheng)物農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)就不存在(zai)(zai)這樣的(de)顧慮，收獲前一(yi)天用藥(yao)(yao)(yao)也(ye)能(neng)保證第(di)二(er)天農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)殘留達標。同時生(sheng)(sheng)物農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)可迅速降解(jie)，避免環境污染。
很多活性較高的化學農藥在殺蟲的同時還對害蟲天敵和蜜蜂、魚、蠶等有安全隱患。就吡蟲啉來說，作為全球較(jiao)大的(de)殺蟲劑品種之一，由(you)于(yu)其對蜜蜂存在(zai)潛在(zai)威脅，導(dao)致其在(zai)全球范圍成了(le)過街(jie)老鼠。而生(sheng)物農藥就不存在(zai)這樣(yang)的(de)隱患，高效(xiao)且不易產生(sheng)抗藥性。
生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)藥產業的發展必須站在行業的高點(dian)，不能只看(kan)(kan)當(dang)前的市場銷售(shou)額、占(zhan)有量等(deng)數字(zi)，要看(kan)(kan)其(qi)對有機農(nong)業生(sheng)產帶(dai)來(lai)的巨(ju)大潛(qian)在價(jia)值。未來(lai)，生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)藥及生(sheng)物(wu)防治(zhi)肯定會登(deng)上高峰。
