受價格等因素(su)影(ying)響 2015 年(nian)我縣(xian)油葵種植面積銳減(jian)，全縣(xian)種植面積 3.1 萬畝，較歷年(nian)減(jian)少 60% ，生育期為(wei)現(xian)蕾 - 開花期，根據調(diao)查田間(jian)主(zhu)(zhu)要以病害(hai)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，具體調(diao)查結果(guo)如下：
一、田間發生情況
此次(ci)共調(diao)查鄉鎮 4 個(ge)，調(diao)查地塊(kuai) 16 塊(kuai)，每塊(kuai)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)按 5 點取樣法，共調(diao)查 80 個(ge)樣點。 2015 年主(zhu)要種(zhong)(zhong)植品種(zhong)(zhong) TO12244 ， NX01025 ， S606 ,T822 等，田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)主(zhu)要病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害為：油葵(kui)白(bai)銹病(bing)(bing)(bing) 發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)始(shi)期(qi) 6 月(yue) 10 日，較去年早(zao)十天左右(you)。發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)塊(kuai)率(lv)(lv) 100% ，平均田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)率(lv)(lv) 18% ，病(bing)(bing)(bing)情(qing)指數(shu) 32% ，發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)重的田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)塊(kuai)發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)率(lv)(lv)達 40% ，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積 3.1 萬(wan)畝，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)度(du)(du)(du)。油葵(kui)菌核病(bing)(bing)(bing) 發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)塊(kuai)率(lv)(lv)達 12% ，田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)率(lv)(lv) 2.5% ，全(quan)縣發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積 0.37 萬(wan)畝，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程度(du)(du)(du)輕度(du)(du)(du)。油葵(kui)黑莖病(bing)(bing)(bing) 已(yi)進入田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)盛發(fa)(fa)期(qi)，發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)塊(kuai)率(lv)(lv) 63% ，田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)率(lv)(lv) 20% ，全(quan)縣發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積 1.9 萬(wan)畝，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)度(du)(du)(du)偏(pian)輕（ 2 級 ) 。油葵(kui)褐(he)斑病(bing)(bing)(bing) 苗期(qi)開(kai)始(shi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)始(shi)見期(qi) 6 月(yue) 15 日，接近(jin)歷年， 7 月(yue)上旬(xun)進入田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)盛發(fa)(fa)期(qi)，主(zhu)要以基部葉片發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)為主(zhu)，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)塊(kuai)率(lv)(lv) 73% ，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積 2.2 萬(wan)畝，田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)病(bing)(bing)(bing)株率(lv)(lv) 11%, 葉片危害率(lv)(lv) 21% ，病(bing)(bing)(bing)情(qing)指數(shu) 14% ，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)度(du)(du)(du)偏(pian)輕 (2 級）。
二、發生趨勢預測
2015 年(nian)預(yu)計(ji)我縣油葵病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害仍(reng)為中度(du)(du)發(fa)生(sheng)年(nian)份(fen)，菌(jun)核病(bing)(bing)(bing)、黑莖(jing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)盛(sheng)發(fa)期(qi)在 7 月底(di) -8 月上旬(xun)，預(yu)計(ji)發(fa)生(sheng)程度(du)(du)中度(du)(du)偏重(zhong)(zhong)（ 3 級）發(fa)生(sheng)，白銹病(bing)(bing)(bing)已(yi)進入(ru)田(tian)間盛(sheng)發(fa)期(qi)，預(yu)計(ji)盛(sheng)發(fa)期(qi)持續到 8 月上旬(xun)，總(zong)體(ti)發(fa)生(sheng)程度(du)(du)中度(du)(du)偏重(zhong)(zhong)。原(yuan)因分析： 1 、降水(shui)量大有(you)利于(yu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)害發(fa)生(sheng)。 2 、寄主面積減(jian)少(shao)，田(tian)間倒茬率較(jiao)高，對病(bing)(bing)(bing)害的減(jian)輕有(you)利。
（新疆植物保護網）