編者按
近十多年來，種子行業經歷了計劃經濟時代的緩慢發展階段、改革放開后的野蠻生長階段。如今，受糧價低迷等影響，種業競爭日益激烈，在(zai)持續(xu)性(xing)的(de)產能過剩拖累(lei)之下，有(you)專家預測，今后四年(nian)種業(ye)形勢(shi)是(shi)“寒冬”之后的(de)“雪(xue)上加霜(shuang)”，行業(ye)已經到了必須改革(ge)的(de)緊要關頭。
從企業(ye)來說，擺脫困(kun)境的有效途徑是(shi)以有限(xian)的資金進行品種(zhong)、技術、管理等的創新，提(ti)升服(fu)務水平(ping)，提(ti)升企業(ye)競(jing)爭力。
在種業(ye)與農化(hua)(hua)融合(he)的國(guo)際大背(bei)景之下，國(guo)內(nei)企(qi)業(ye)也在思索如(ru)何適應新形勢(shi)。全(quan)球(qiu)經(jing)濟不景氣、產能過剩，種業(ye)深受影響，突出(chu)(chu)表(biao)現是市(shi)場競爭加(jia)劇。產出(chu)(chu)價(jia)值(zhi)更高(gao)農產品、輕簡化(hua)(hua)生產管理、適應規(gui)模化(hua)(hua)和機械化(hua)(hua)生產等(deng)的高(gao)端種子，越來越受市(shi)場青睞，這也成為企(qi)業(ye)生存發展的關(guan)鍵。
高(gao)質量的種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)應(ying)兼有(you)優(you)良(liang)的品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)屬性、良(liang)好的播種(zhong)(zhong)品(pin)(pin)質。優(you)良(liang)的品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)屬性是(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)業企業不(bu)懈的追求，而播種(zhong)(zhong)品(pin)(pin)質影(ying)響因素較多，包括種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)凈度、水分、充(chong)實飽滿度、發芽率(lv)、活力及健(jian)康度等。
國際種業巨頭一直重視種子健康，杜邦先鋒、先正達等都建立了以種子健康為核心的研究中心和市場服務機構。在近幾年的跨國農化企業兼并大潮中，整合農業生產服務機構，種子、農藥和化肥一(yi)體化，為(wei)種植者提供全(quan)方(fang)位服務成為(wei)趨勢。
目前，中國種(zhong)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)發展已(yi)進(jin)入轉型(xing)期，打造高端種(zhong)子(zi)產(chan)品、提(ti)升種(zhong)子(zi)健(jian)康度將是(shi)未來一段(duan)時期企(qi)業(ye)核心競爭力的體(ti)現。如何生產(chan)健(jian)康種(zhong)子(zi)，提(ti)升種(zhong)子(zi)質(zhi)量，提(ti)高種(zhong)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)競爭力，成為種(zhong)業(ye)人(ren)必須正視的現實問(wen)題，也將是(shi)行業(ye)轉型(xing)發展的機遇所在。
9月26日(ri)，由(you)《農資導報》主辦、澳大(da)利亞埃爾(er)夫液體化肥有限(xian)公司冠名、大(da)北(bei)農-中國(guo)農大(da)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)中心(xin)協辦的(de)(de)“首屆中國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)價值(zhi)提升(健(jian)(jian)康(kang))高(gao)層研討會”在(zai)山東濟(ji)南召開。會議正(zheng)值(zhi)全國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)雙交會期(qi)間，來自種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業、農化行(xing)業的(de)(de)近(jin)百名專家學者泉城論道。在(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業洗牌期(qi)，價格戰(zhan)將(jiang)使企(qi)業步入惡性(xing)競爭泥(ni)沼，生產兼有優良的(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬性(xing)、良好的(de)(de)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)品質的(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)、高(gao)價值(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)將(jiang)是行(xing)業轉型方向。伴隨(sui)這一改變，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)檢測(ce)、拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣劑等產品將(jiang)迎(ying)來利好。
規模種植 需要高品質種子
近(jin)些年(nian)，隨著(zhu)土(tu)地流轉加(jia)速，種植(zhi)成百(bai)上(shang)千畝(mu)土(tu)地的(de)大戶(hu)增多，種子(zi)的(de)好壞成為農民收成的(de)最基(ji)本(ben)保障。然而，近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)種子(zi)事件(jian)頻出。去(qu)年(nian)黑(hei)龍江120萬畝(mu)玉米減產，今年(nian)8月陜西千畝(mu)轉基(ji)因玉米遭鏟除，最近(jin)內蒙古興和縣千畝(mu)葵花(hua)成熟季節(jie)腐爛(lan)……這(zhe)些事件(jian)無一不在(zai)敲響警鐘(zhong)，行業必須高度重視(shi)種子(zi)質量和安全。
中國化(hua)工(gong)報社(she)副社(she)長(chang)張(zhang)健秋表示，隨著(zhu)經濟的(de)(de)發展和農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)市(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)日益繁榮，國內種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)蓬勃發展起來，并成為影響農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效益最重要的(de)(de)一(yi)環。而全球經濟不景氣、產(chan)(chan)能過(guo)剩(sheng)讓種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)深受影響。首先表現(xian)為種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子市(shi)(shi)場競爭(zheng)(zheng)加劇。企(qi)業(ye)增(zeng)強(qiang)競爭(zheng)(zheng)力的(de)(de)關鍵是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)適(shi)應市(shi)(shi)場需求的(de)(de)高質(zhi)量種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子，產(chan)(chan)出價值(zhi)更高農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、輕簡化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理、適(shi)應規模化(hua)和機械化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)高端種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子。高質(zhi)量的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子應兼有優(you)(you)良的(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)性、良好的(de)(de)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)品(pin)質(zhi)。優(you)(you)良的(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)性是(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)不懈的(de)(de)追求。目前，中國種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)發展已進入轉型期，打造高端種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、提升種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子健康度(du)將是(shi)(shi)未來一(yi)段(duan)時期企(qi)業(ye)核心競爭(zheng)(zheng)力的(de)(de)體現(xian)。如(ru)何(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)健康種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子，提升種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子質(zhi)量，提高種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)競爭(zheng)(zheng)力，成為種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)人必須(xu)正(zheng)視的(de)(de)現(xian)實問題。
這一觀點得到(dao)了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)子協會副(fu)會長鄧光聯的(de)認同(tong)。“最近(jin)幾年國(guo)家對種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)高度重視，國(guo)務院出(chu)臺8號(hao)文件后，陸續出(chu)臺了(le)相(xiang)關種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)政策(ce)。總體(ti)看來(lai)，種(zhong)(zhong)子行業(ye)(ye)正逐漸從計劃經(jing)(jing)濟邁向(xiang)市場經(jing)(jing)濟，向(xiang)快速(su)發展軌道前進。種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)集(ji)中(zhong)度日益提高，種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)對農(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)貢獻率逐漸增強。”過去(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)僅僅重視種(zhong)(zhong)子凈度、發芽率、純度等(deng)幾個(ge)質(zhi)量指標，而隨著近(jin)年來(lai)干(gan)旱、低溫、冷(leng)害等(deng)災(zai)難性氣候頻發，種(zhong)(zhong)子質(zhi)量受到(dao)嚴(yan)峻(jun)考(kao)驗。另外，農(nong)業(ye)(ye)集(ji)約化、規模化生產(chan)已經(jing)(jing)成為(wei)發展趨(qu)勢，當前國(guo)內種(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)技(ji)術水平已經(jing)(jing)無法滿足農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)。“在通過育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)、加(jia)工來(lai)想(xiang)辦法的(de)同(tong)時，還要(yao)借助植(zhi)保(bao)、中(zhong)微量元素肥料營養等(deng)措(cuo)施來(lai)解決這個(ge)問題(ti)。”
種子健康 標準有望接軌國際
種子(zi)健(jian)康是種子(zi)價值的(de)最基本(ben)保障。如(ru)何定義種子(zi)健(jian)康標(biao)準(zhun)，哪些種子(zi)健(jian)康指(zhi)標(biao)與(yu)種子(zi)生產中的(de)表現息(xi)息(xi)相關，是與(yu)會專(zhuan)家(jia)討(tao)論的(de)核心問題之一。
浙江大(da)學副教授關亞(ya)靜介(jie)(jie)紹(shao)了種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)活(huo)力這(zhe)一(yi)新指標。據(ju)介(jie)(jie)紹(shao)，目前國(guo)內種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)檢測(ce)不(bu)包(bao)括(kuo)活(huo)力指標，但活(huo)力指標與田(tian)間出苗密切相(xiang)關。種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)活(huo)力研究(jiu)已經持續多年，在歐洲、美國(guo)，很多企業將活(huo)力測(ce)定(ding)列(lie)為常規檢測(ce)之一(yi)，而國(guo)內還不(bu)普遍(bian)。
關亞靜說：“按照ISTA(國際(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)檢(jian)驗協(xie)會)規定(ding)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)活力(li)是指在廣泛的環境下，衡量發(fa)芽(ya)率可接(jie)受(shou)的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)批(pi)的活性(xing)和性(xing)能的綜合(he)表現。”種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)活力(li)不是簡單的測定(ding)概念，而是表達有關種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)批(pi)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特(te)性(xing)的綜合(he)概念。具(ju)體(ti)體(ti)現為以(yi)下幾個方面(mian)：種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)發(fa)芽(ya)、幼苗生長(chang)速率和整齊(qi)度，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)在不良條件下的出(chu)苗能力(li)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)貯藏(zang)后的表現，特(te)別是發(fa)芽(ya)能力(li)的保持。
“概(gai)括來說，種子(zi)活力指的(de)種子(zi)健壯度和生產潛能。”關亞靜表示，“種子(zi)生活力、活力和發芽力是三個容(rong)易混(hun)淆的(de)概(gai)念，有明(ming)顯區別。”
種(zhong)(zhong)子生活(huo)(huo)力和(he)發芽力是目(mu)前(qian)常見的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子健康(kang)評價標(biao)準，但(dan)與種(zhong)(zhong)子活(huo)(huo)力指標(biao)仍(reng)有差(cha)距，往往種(zhong)(zhong)子生活(huo)(huo)力和(he)發芽力達(da)(da)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)一些種(zhong)(zhong)子，其活(huo)(huo)力卻達(da)(da)不(bu)到要(yao)求，就會(hui)造成(cheng)農(nong)業生產中的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失(shi)。
種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)生活(huo)力(li)(li)，指活(huo)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)數占(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)總數的(de)百分率(lv)，通常用染色方法(fa)進行測(ce)定。種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)發芽(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)，指在實驗室可控的(de)適(shi)宜條件下，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)發芽(ya)(ya)并(bing)長成正常植株的(de)潛能(neng)，也用發芽(ya)(ya)勢和(he)發芽(ya)(ya)率(lv)表示(shi)。發芽(ya)(ya)率(lv)是各國種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)量的(de)主(zhu)要指標，在種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)認證和(he)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)檢驗中廣泛(fan)應(ying)用。種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)活(huo)力(li)(li)，通常指田間條件下的(de)出苗能(neng)力(li)(li)及與(yu)此有關的(de)生產性能(neng)和(he)指標。
“種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)活(huo)(huo)力是(shi)(shi)比發(fa)芽率更(geng)敏感的(de)指(zhi)標，在高(gao)發(fa)芽率的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)批中，仍然表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)(chu)活(huo)(huo)力的(de)差異，尤其是(shi)(shi)經(jing)過裂變的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，更(geng)容易表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)(chu)這(zhe)一特點。”因此，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)活(huo)(huo)力測(ce)定(ding)非常必(bi)要，也成為保證田間出(chu)(chu)苗率及生(sheng)產(chan)潛力的(de)必(bi)要手段(duan)，是(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)生(sheng)產(chan)中必(bi)不可(ke)少(shao)的(de)環節。通過活(huo)(huo)力測(ce)定(ding)，可(ke)及時改(gai)善種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)加(jia)工、處理條件(jian)，保持和提高(gao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)活(huo)(huo)力。
活力高的種子，往往出苗率高、出苗快、植株生長情況更好，可有效提高產量。同時，種子活力越高，抗逆境能力也越強，可緩解種子早播遭遇冷害導致的缺苗斷壟和除草劑藥害(hai)等(deng)問題。種子活力(li)和種子耐藏(zang)性也有(you)相關性，在(zai)保證種子有(you)較高發(fa)芽率的前提下，不耐藏(zang)的種子先出(chu)售，耐藏(zang)的種子可以放到下一季出(chu)售。
關亞靜介紹，種(zhong)子(zi)活(huo)力(li)測定(ding)應(ying)(ying)秉持(chi)節約費用、簡單易(yi)行(xing)、快(kuai)速省時、結果準(zhun)確(que)、重演性好的原(yuan)則，根據當地土(tu)壤、氣(qi)候條(tiao)件選(xuan)用適(shi)宜(yi)的方法(fa)。如在(zai)早春播種(zhong)季節低溫(wen)氣(qi)候條(tiao)件，應(ying)(ying)進行(xing)低溫(wen)試(shi)驗(yan);在(zai)粘(zhan)土(tu)地區或雨后土(tu)壤板結的地區，應(ying)(ying)進行(xing)磚(zhuan)砂試(shi)驗(yan)等。
當(dang)前浙江大學(xue)正在進行(xing)種子活(huo)力(li)標準的課題(ti)研究，包括(kuo)伸(shen)長胚根(gen)計數測定(ding)方法、加速老化(hua)測定(ding)、電導率測定(ding)、控制劣變測定(ding)等(deng)的活(huo)力(li)測定(ding)方法，可(ke)能(neng)將(jiang)進入國標。
優質種子 制種技術須規范
在實際生產中(zhong)，同一個(ge)品種不同生產批(pi)次產出的(de)種子質量往往有很大差異。在山東農(nong)業(ye)大學教授張春慶看(kan)來，良種應包(bao)括兩個(ge)方(fang)面的(de)含義：其(qi)(qi)一是優(you)良的(de)品種;其(qi)(qi)二是優(you)質的(de)種子質量。“優(you)良品種的(de)優(you)質種子才能稱為良種。”
據(ju)張春慶介(jie)紹(shao)，西北氣候條(tiao)件適于制種(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)產，甘肅、新疆(jiang)兩地(di)的(de)玉米種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)產量約占全(quan)國的(de)80%。但集中生(sheng)產的(de)制種(zhong)(zhong)基地(di)往往會出(chu)現(xian)(xian)親本特性難(nan)以保持、親本不(bu)純等(deng)(deng)現(xian)(xian)象，原因有去(qu)雄不(bu)及時或不(bu)徹底;隔離難(nan)以滿足(zu)要求(qiu);種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)不(bu)能科學、及時地(di)干燥;脫粒、加(jia)工機械不(bu)配套，難(nan)以滿足(zu)高質量種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)生(sheng)產的(de)要求(qiu)等(deng)(deng)。這些問(wen)題的(de)存在極(ji)大(da)影(ying)響(xiang)了種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)質量，并(bing)增加(jia)了種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)生(sheng)產成本。
張(zhang)春(chun)慶建議，應加(jia)強玉米種子生產、加(jia)工過程控制，如采用定(ding)(ding)系(xi)循(xun)環(huan)技術保持(chi)親本特性、增強純度控制。據介紹，定(ding)(ding)系(xi)循(xun)環(huan)技術在(zai)最初單株(zhu)選擇(ze)時往往要求數(shu)量要大，之后(hou)(hou)進行株(zhu)行鑒定(ding)(ding)確定(ding)(ding)保種圃，保種圃建立后(hou)(hou)可以一直保持(chi)原(yuan)種的質(zhi)量，不需要年年大量選單株(zhu)和考(kao)種，具有(you)較好的可操作性。
在(zai)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期、隔離、去雄、去雜(za)、干(gan)燥、清選等種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)生(sheng)產技術上也需要慎重，提(ti)高種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)純度，才能保(bao)(bao)證親本種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)高活(huo)力(li)。具體措施包(bao)括：調整收(shou)獲(huo)期，如(ru)使用脫水劑，促使玉米提(ti)早成熟2～5天，有(you)利于(yu)烘干(gan)后(hou)活(huo)力(li)統一;控(kong)制干(gan)燥過程參數(shu)，如(ru)采(cai)用40℃果穗(sui)干(gan)燥是(shi)保(bao)(bao)持種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)活(huo)力(li)較為(wei)理想(xiang)的條件(jian);進行精加(jia)工，果穗(sui)中部(bu)(bu)(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)的發芽勢、發芽指(zhi)數(shu)、活(huo)力(li)指(zhi)數(shu)均高于(yu)底部(bu)(bu)(bu)和頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)，通(tong)過機械加(jia)工把(ba)果穗(sui)中部(bu)(bu)(bu)及底部(bu)(bu)(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)單獨脫粒，可生(sheng)產出高活(huo)力(li)的玉米種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)。
除了(le)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)常(chang)規種子的(de)質量外(wai)，通過機械(xie)化操作、生產和加(jia)工上的(de)技(ji)術創新來降(jiang)低成本，也將進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)種子的(de)價值。“如(ru)何提(ti)(ti)高(gao)種子價值?主要是提(ti)(ti)高(gao)種子的(de)競(jing)爭力(li)，也就是提(ti)(ti)高(gao)質量、降(jiang)低成本、增(zeng)加(jia)利潤。”張春慶說。
提升價值 種藥肥合力不可少
伴(ban)隨全球農化(hua)市場(chang)的(de)不(bu)斷(duan)洗牌(pai)，拜(bai)耳與孟山都、中(zhong)國化(hua)工與先正達、陶氏與杜邦的(de)合(he)并正在引領(ling)“種(zhong)業+農化(hua)”的(de)新(xin)風潮。以種(zhong)子為核心，配合(he)拌種(zhong)肥(fei)、種(zhong)衣劑等產(chan)品，正在形成高附加(jia)值新(xin)型產(chan)品組合(he)。這些高附加(jia)值新(xin)型產(chan)品在種(zhong)子上的(de)使(shi)用，提(ti)升了種(zhong)子健(jian)康(kang)水平(ping)，而(er)作(zuo)物生產(chan)中(zhong)農藥、化(hua)肥(fei)的(de)使(shi)用量(liang)相應(ying)減(jian)少。
據國(guo)際知名液體肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料生(sheng)產(chan)商澳(ao)大利亞(ya)埃爾夫液體化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)有(you)限公司董事長Kenneth Hancock介(jie)紹，拌種(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)等種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)產(chan)品(pin)在(zai)澳(ao)大利亞(ya)使用(yong)多年(nian)。“種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)與種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)活力密切相關。除掉天氣因(yin)(yin)素(su)，對作(zuo)物產(chan)量(liang)(liang)貢(gong)獻率最高(gao)的(de)是(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，其(qi)次是(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料。從(cong)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)角(jiao)度來(lai)說，目前大家更關注底肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，卻忽視了種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)，這與種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)重要作(zuo)用(yong)不相匹配，限制了作(zuo)物的(de)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)。”因(yin)(yin)為在(zai)播種(zhong)(zhong)后的(de)三四周，出苗所需營(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)主要靠種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)自身供給。如果種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)豐(feng)富(fu)，幼苗更壯實、根(gen)系更發達，就奠定(ding)了高(gao)產(chan)的(de)基礎。事實上，不同種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)內(nei)部營(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)，尤其(qi)是(shi)中微量(liang)(liang)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)元素(su)含量(liang)(liang)差異非(fei)常大，對種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)活力、作(zuo)物生(sheng)長均(jun)有(you)很大影響，因(yin)(yin)此需要重視種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)。”
埃爾(er)夫(fu)中國區總經理盧森(sen)博士(shi)介(jie)紹：“埃爾(er)夫(fu)總部在澳大利亞(ya)，專注多(duo)元(yuan)素液體肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)，種(zhong)子營(ying)養是(shi)埃爾(er)夫(fu)重(zhong)要的業(ye)務領域(yu)。埃爾(er)夫(fu)推出的BSN拌(ban)種(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)含有(you)磷、鋅、鉬、銅、錳等(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)元(yuan)素，通過生化鰲合、種(zhong)子引發等(deng)最新(xin)技術，拌(ban)種(zhong)后半小(xiao)時內營(ying)養元(yuan)素完全被(bei)吸收進(jin)入(ru)(ru)種(zhong)子內部，富(fu)含豐富(fu)營(ying)養的種(zhong)子擁有(you)更加強壯(zhuang)的種(zhong)子活(huo)力。另外，種(zhong)子、葉片對肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)的吸收效率(lv)遠高(gao)于底(di)肥(fei)(fei)。隨著(zhu)中國化肥(fei)(fei)‘零增長’政(zheng)策的實施，拌(ban)種(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)、葉面肥(fei)(fei)等(deng)新(xin)型肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)能有(you)效提高(gao)肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)利用率(lv)，將進(jin)入(ru)(ru)快速發展期。”
大(da)北農(nong)(nong)-中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)大(da)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)中心總經理馮勇軍說(shuo)，隨著種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)市(shi)場化程度更高、市(shi)場流通(tong)加(jia)速，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)檢(jian)測市(shi)場需求日益增加(jia)。“去(qu)年(nian)，大(da)北農(nong)(nong)聯(lian)合中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)大(da)建立大(da)北農(nong)(nong)-中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)大(da)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)中心，共同開展(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)相關研究(jiu)。依(yi)托中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)大(da)的(de)科研實(shi)力(li)和(he)大(da)北農(nong)(nong)的(de)產(chan)業優(you)勢，健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)中心希望(wang)以技術創新(xin)(xin)服務(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)企(qi)業。”健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)中心涵蓋農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)制劑(ji)研發、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)、新(xin)(xin)型(xing)生物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)等多個(ge)團隊，可(ke)以提供(gong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(帶菌)檢(jian)測、包衣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)質量檢(jian)測與種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣劑(ji)新(xin)(xin)配方(fang)測試(shi)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)活力(li)檢(jian)測與種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣劑(ji)安全性等多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技術服務(wu)。“種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)帶菌給種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)企(qi)業、農(nong)(nong)戶造成(cheng)了巨大(da)損失(shi)，通(tong)過帶菌檢(jian)測，就可(ke)以有(you)效避(bi)免。依(yi)托研發優(you)勢，健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)中心會(hui)根據檢(jian)測結果提供(gong)解決問(wen)(wen)題的(de)制劑(ji)方(fang)案，幫(bang)助(zhu)企(qi)業更有(you)針對性地解決問(wen)(wen)題，為(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)提供(gong)全方(fang)位的(de)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)保(bao)護。”
從(cong)全球范圍來看，當前種(zhong)子處理處于上升期(qi)。據巴(ba)斯夫中國陸悅健博士介(jie)紹，在(zai)可持(chi)續發展農業中，種(zhong)子處理是病蟲(chong)害(hai)綜(zong)合防治的主(zhu)要工具之一(yi)，它能(neng)夠用更少的活性成分來防治病蟲(chong)害(hai)，并且不會擴散到(dao)空氣中造成污染。同時，種(zhong)子處理產(chan)品既(ji)能(neng)防治靶(ba)標病蟲(chong)害(hai)，還可提高植株的活力和健康力。
1997年全(quan)球種(zhong)子(zi)處理(li)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)總銷售額達(da)到7億美元(yuan)，預計到2020年可達(da)到56.1億美元(yuan)。跨國公司越來(lai)越重視(shi)用(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)物性的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)處理(li)產(chan)品(pin)來(lai)補充傳(chuan)統的(de)化(hua)學處理(li)產(chan)品(pin)。在(zai)農(nong)藥領域，種(zhong)衣劑是近幾年發(fa)展(zhan)最快的(de)細分領域，從(cong)最初防治病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害的(de)殺菌(jun)劑和(he)殺蟲(chong)(chong)劑，到種(zhong)子(zi)包衣劑、生(sheng)(sheng)物制劑、根瘤菌(jun)接種(zhong)體等，伴隨技術更新(xin)形成了種(zhong)子(zi)解(jie)決方案。
技(ji)術更(geng)新帶(dai)來了理念的(de)(de)轉變。目前種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣劑(ji)只是與種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子相關的(de)(de)功能性輸(shu)入(ru)平臺(tai)，今后(hou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣劑(ji)將作為幫助(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子與周圍環(huan)境互動的(de)(de)一(yi)個重要技(ji)術，滿足農(nong)業對干(gan)旱、低溫(wen)等非生物脅迫抵御能力的(de)(de)需求。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子處理產(chan)品將促進種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子企業和(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子處理產(chan)品企業之(zhi)間的(de)(de)合作，延長(chang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子解決方案在整(zheng)個生長(chang)期中的(de)(de)作用。
