一、存在的問題
1、減免(mian)環節含糊不清。如:《財(cai)政部、國(guo)家稅(shui)務總(zong)局關于農(nong)業生產(chan)資料(liao)征免(mian)增(zeng)值(zhi)稅(shui)政策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通知》(財(cai)稅(shui)[2001]113號)規定:從(cong)2001年8月1日(ri)起下列貨物免(mian)征增(zeng)值(zhi)稅(shui):①生產(chan)銷售的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)除尿(niao)素(su)(su)以(yi)(yi)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、除磷(lin)酸二銨以(yi)(yi)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)免(mian)稅(shui)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)要原料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)(fu)混肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(企(qi)業生產(chan)復(fu)(fu)混肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)產(chan)品所用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免(mian)稅(shui)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)成(cheng)(cheng)本占原料(liao)中(zhong)全部化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比重高于70%)。“復(fu)(fu)混肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)”是指用(yong)(yong)化(hua)學方(fang)法(fa)或(huo)物理(li)(li)方(fang)法(fa)加工制成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氮(dan)(dan)、磷(lin)、鉀三(san)(san)種養分中(zhong)至少有(you)兩(liang)種養分標明量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao),包(bao)括僅用(yong)(yong)化(hua)學方(fang)法(fa)制成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和僅用(yong)(yong)物理(li)(li)方(fang)法(fa)制成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混配肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(也稱(cheng)摻合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei));②生產(chan)銷售的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阿維菌素(su)(su)、胺(an)菊(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)、百菌清、苯噻酰(xian)草胺(an)、芐嘧(mi)磺(huang)隆(long)、草除靈(ling)(ling)、吡蟲(chong)啉、丙烯(xi)菊(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)、噠螨(man)靈(ling)(ling)、代森錳(meng)鋅(xin)、稻(dao)瘟靈(ling)(ling)、敵百蟲(chong)、丁草胺(an)、啶蟲(chong)脒、多(duo)(duo)(duo)抗(kang)霉素(su)(su)、二甲(jia)(jia)戊樂靈(ling)(ling)、二嗪磷(lin)、氟(fu)樂靈(ling)(ling)、高效氯(lv)氰菊(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)、炔螨(man)特、甲(jia)(jia)多(duo)(duo)(duo)丹、甲(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)硫菌靈(ling)(ling)、甲(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)異(yi)柳磷(lin)、甲(jia)(jia)(乙(yi))基(ji)(ji)毒(du)死蜱、甲(jia)(jia)(乙(yi))基(ji)(ji)嘧(mi)啶磷(lin)、精惡唑(zuo)禾草靈(ling)(ling)、精喹禾靈(ling)(ling)、井岡霉素(su)(su)、咪(mi)鮮(xian)胺(an)、滅(mie)多(duo)(duo)(duo)威、滅(mie)蠅胺(an)、苜蓿銀紋夜蛾核型多(duo)(duo)(duo)角(jiao)體病毒(du)、噻磺(huang)隆(long)、三(san)(san)氟(fu)氯(lv)氰菊(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)、三(san)(san)唑(zuo)磷(lin)、三(san)(san)唑(zuo)酮、殺(sha)蟲(chong)單、殺(sha)蟲(chong)雙(shuang)、順式(shi)氯(lv)氰菊(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)、涕滅(mie)威、烯(xi)唑(zuo)醇、辛硫磷(lin)、辛酰(xian)溴苯精、異(yi)丙甲(jia)(jia)草胺(an)、乙(yi)阿合(he)劑(ji)、乙(yi)草胺(an)、乙(yi)酰(xian)甲(jia)(jia)胺(an)磷(lin)、莠去津等農(nong)藥;“生產(chan)銷售”即(ji)可以(yi)(yi)理(li)(li)解(jie)為(wei)生產(chan)企(qi)業銷售的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免(mian)征增(zeng)值(zhi)稅(shui),也可以(yi)(yi)理(li)(li)解(jie)為(wei)生產(chan)企(qi)業銷售和商業經營(ying)企(qi)業銷售的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)都免(mian)征增(zeng)值(zhi)稅(shui),
2、批發零(ling)售(shou)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)的(de)減免(mian)(mian)(mian)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)清。《財(cai)政(zheng)部(bu)(bu)、國家稅(shui)(shui)(shui)務(wu)總(zong)(zong)局關(guan)于(yu)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)資(zi)料(liao)(liao)征免(mian)(mian)(mian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值稅(shui)(shui)(shui)政(zheng)策的(de)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)》(財(cai)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)[2001]113號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao))列舉了(le)(le)生產(chan)銷售(shou)化(hua)(hua)肥免(mian)(mian)(mian)征增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值稅(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)范圍(wei)和農(nong)(nong)藥免(mian)(mian)(mian)征增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值稅(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)具體品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),并(bing)規(gui)定(ding)批發和零(ling)售(shou)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)、種(zhong)(zhong)苗、化(hua)(hua)肥、農(nong)(nong)藥、農(nong)(nong)機免(mian)(mian)(mian)征增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值稅(shui)(shui)(shui),但在《國家稅(shui)(shui)(shui)務(wu)總(zong)(zong)局關(guan)于(yu)印發〈增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值稅(shui)(shui)(shui)部(bu)(bu)分貨物征稅(shui)(shui)(shui)范圍(wei)注釋〉的(de)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)》(國稅(shui)(shui)(shui)發(1993)151號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao))中化(hua)(hua)肥列出(chu)了(le)(le)主要品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),農(nong)(nong)藥列出(chu)來(lai)主要范圍(wei),其(qi)中化(hua)(hua)肥還指出(chu)“其(qi)他肥是(shi)指上述列舉以外的(de)其(qi)他化(hua)(hua)學肥料(liao)(liao)”。一是(shi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)明確;二是(shi)規(gui)定(ding)在生產(chan)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)免(mian)(mian)(mian)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)沒說在批發零(ling)售(shou)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)免(mian)(mian)(mian)不(bu)免(mian)(mian)(mian),再(zai)如:《財(cai)政(zheng)部(bu)(bu)、國家稅(shui)(shui)(shui)務(wu)總(zong)(zong)局關(guan)于(yu)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)資(zi)料(liao)(liao)征免(mian)(mian)(mian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值稅(shui)(shui)(shui)政(zheng)策的(de)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)》(財(cai)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)[2001]113號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao))沒有列舉的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong);最(zui)新《財(cai)政(zheng)部(bu)(bu)、國家稅(shui)(shui)(shui)務(wu)總(zong)(zong)局關(guan)于(yu)明確硝酸銨適用增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值稅(shui)(shui)(shui)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)率(lv)的(de)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)》(財(cai)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)[2007]7號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao))明確的(de)硝酸銨等
3、免(mian)(mian)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)不完善。如:《財(cai)政(zheng)部(bu)、國家稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)務(wu)(wu)總局(ju)關(guan)于農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資料(liao)征(zheng)免(mian)(mian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)通知(zhi)》(財(cai)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)[2001]113號)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding):從(cong)2001年1月(yue)(yue)1日起(qi)(qi),對(dui)原(yuan)征(zheng)收(shou)(shou)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)素生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)銷售的(de)(de)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)素,實(shi)(shi)行(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)先(xian)(xian)征(zheng)后(hou)退(tui)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce);對(dui)原(yuan)免(mian)(mian)征(zheng)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)素生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)銷售的(de)(de)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)素,恢復征(zheng)收(shou)(shou)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和實(shi)(shi)行(xing)先(xian)(xian)征(zheng)后(hou)退(tui)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)以及(ji)對(dui)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資料(liao)免(mian)(mian)征(zheng)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce),自2001年8月(yue)(yue)1日起(qi)(qi)執行(xing);《財(cai)政(zheng)部(bu)、國家稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)務(wu)(wu)總局(ju)關(guan)于鉀(jia)肥(fei)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有(you)關(guan)問題的(de)(de)通知(zhi)》(財(cai)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)[2004]197號)文件(jian)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding):自2004年12月(yue)(yue)1日起(qi)(qi),對(dui)化肥(fei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)銷售的(de)(de)鉀(jia)肥(fei),由免(mian)(mian)征(zheng)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)改為實(shi)(shi)行(xing)先(xian)(xian)征(zheng)后(hou)返(fan);《財(cai)政(zheng)部(bu)、國家稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)務(wu)(wu)總局(ju)關(guan)于繼(ji)續對(dui)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)素產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)先(xian)(xian)征(zheng)后(hou)返(fan)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)通知(zhi)》(財(cai)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)[2005]9號)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)。自2005年1月(yue)(yue)1日至2005年12月(yue)(yue)31日,對(dui)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)素生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)銷售的(de)(de)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)素產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),繼(ji)續實(shi)(shi)行(xing)先(xian)(xian)按(an)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)征(zheng)收(shou)(shou)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),后(hou)按(an)實(shi)(shi)際繳納增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)額返(fan)還50%的(de)(de)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce);《財(cai)政(zheng)部(bu)、國家稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)務(wu)(wu)總局(ju)關(guan)于暫(zan)免(mian)(mian)征(zheng)收(shou)(shou)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)素產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)通知(zhi)》(財(cai)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)[2005]87號)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding):自2005年7月(yue)(yue)1日起(qi)(qi),對(dui)國內企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)銷售的(de)(de)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)素產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)由先(xian)(xian)征(zheng)后(hou)返(fan)50%調整為暫(zan)免(mian)(mian)征(zheng)收(shou)(shou)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。等(deng)等(deng),明確在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)免(mian)(mian)免(mian)(mian)征(zheng)了增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),但實(shi)(shi)際在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)價格沒變,最終農(nong)民(min)沒受益。
二、幾點建議。
1、重(zhong)新明確化肥(fei)、農藥的免稅范圍和品種(zhong),即在列出(chu)大類的同時列出(chu)具體(ti)品種(zhong)。
2、限定各地區的零(ling)售價格,把(ba)免稅體現在零(ling)售環節(jie)(jie)上,讓(rang)農民受(shou)益,通過壓(ya)低零(ling)售環節(jie)(jie)價格,以“倒擠”的形式(shi)達到(dao)過去(qu)在生產環節(jie)(jie)免稅的目(mu)的。
3、明確在生產環節實(shi)行先征后退、先征后返的品(pin)種,在批(pi)發零售環節的一般納稅人如何核算以及(ji)是(shi)否(fou)免稅,否(fou)則在會計上無法處理。
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