一、總趨勢
根據全省各(ge)地冬前農作物病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲越冬基數及2008年(nian)(nian)天氣預(yu)報,結合近年(nian)(nian)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲發生態(tai)勢、作物布局(ju)(ju)等(deng)(deng)因素綜合分析,并組織(zhi)有(you)關專家會商,預(yu)計2008年(nian)(nian)我省農作物主要病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲呈中等(deng)(deng)發生,程度輕(qing)于2007年(nian)(nian)。全省病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲草鼠害發生面積1.6億畝次。小麥(mai)穗(sui)蚜、麥(mai)田雜(za)草、玉米絲黑穗(sui)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、玉米紅蜘(zhi)蛛、棉(mian)花苗蚜和(he)枯萎(wei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、果樹蚜蟲、蘋果褐斑(ban)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、蘋果樹腐(fu)爛病(bing)(bing)(bing)、番(fan)茄早(晚)疫病(bing)(bing)(bing)、辣椒疫病(bing)(bing)(bing)在局(ju)(ju)部偏(pian)重以(yi)上發生。
二、主(zhu)要農作物病蟲發生趨勢(shi)
1、小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)病蟲(chong)草(cao)害(hai) 小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)主要(yao)病蟲(chong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度輕(qing)于上年。其中(zhong)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)紅蜘蛛中(zhong)等發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)400萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),主要(yao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)中(zhong)、南(nan)部旱垣、向陽坡地及部分(fen)擴澆麥(mai)(mai)(mai)田(tian)(tian)(tian);小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)穗蚜偏(pian)重(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),程(cheng)度接近(jin)上年,發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)700萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu);小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)吸漿(jiang)蟲(chong)偏(pian)輕(qing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),運(yun)城的(de)永濟,臨汾的(de)堯(yao)都、洪洞等局部基數高(gao)的(de)田(tian)(tian)(tian)塊偏(pian)重(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)120萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu);白粉病、紋枯病在(zai)南(nan)部高(gao)水肥麥(mai)(mai)(mai)田(tian)(tian)(tian)中(zhong)等流(liu)(liu)行(xing),流(liu)(liu)行(xing)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)均在(zai)300萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)左(zuo)右(you);麥(mai)(mai)(mai)類葉銹病中(zhong)等發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)160萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu);麥(mai)(mai)(mai)葉蜂、麥(mai)(mai)(mai)潛葉蠅危害(hai)有(you)加重(zhong)態勢(shi)(shi),發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)300萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)以上;小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)條銹病在(zai)運(yun)城麥(mai)(mai)(mai)區(qu)偏(pian)輕(qing)流(liu)(liu)行(xing),流(liu)(liu)行(xing)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)100萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu);麥(mai)(mai)(mai)田(tian)(tian)(tian)雜草(cao)偏(pian)重(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)750萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)以上,其中(zhong)禾本科惡性雜草(cao)仍呈重(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)態勢(shi)(shi),發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)300萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)左(zuo)右(you)。
2、玉(yu)米(mi)病(bing)蟲害(hai) 玉(yu)米(mi)螟(ming)中等、甜(tian)糯鮮食玉(yu)米(mi)集中種植(zhi)區偏(pian)重發(fa)(fa)生,發(fa)(fa)生面積(ji)900萬畝次;玉(yu)米(mi)絲黑穗病(bing)在部分常發(fa)(fa)區偏(pian)重流行,流行面積(ji)450萬畝;玉(yu)米(mi)大小(xiao)斑病(bing)在忻州(zhou)、太原(yuan)等地偏(pian)重流行,流行面積(ji)300萬畝;玉(yu)米(mi)紅(hong)蜘蛛在北(bei)部高水肥(fei)、地膜(mo)覆蓋、套種玉(yu)米(mi)田有(you)偏(pian)重以上發(fa)(fa)生的可能。
3、暴(bao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)性病蟲害(hai) 東(dong)亞飛蝗(huang)(夏蝗(huang))偏(pian)輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng),發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積35萬畝(mu)(mu),需防治面(mian)(mian)積25萬畝(mu)(mu)次;土蝗(huang)中(zhong)等(deng)、局部偏(pian)重發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng),發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積500萬畝(mu)(mu)以上;一代草地螟輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。
4、常發(fa)(fa)性病蟲害(hai) 地下害(hai)蟲偏重(zhong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積1400萬畝以上;粟(su)灰螟偏輕發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),大同、呂梁中(zhong)等發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),程(cheng)度重(zhong)于近年,發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積160萬畝;谷子(zi)白發(fa)(fa)病在(zai)晉城、長治(zhi)、忻州等地將繼續加重(zhong)危害(hai)。
5、棉(mian)花(hua)病(bing)(bing)蟲害 棉(mian)花(hua)苗蚜、棉(mian)盲蝽、枯(ku)黃(huang)萎(wei)病(bing)(bing)、鈴病(bing)(bing)偏重至大(da)發(fa)(fa)生,發(fa)(fa)生面積(ji)分別(bie)為(wei)110萬(wan)畝(mu)、50萬(wan)畝(mu)、60萬(wan)畝(mu)、80萬(wan)畝(mu);棉(mian)苗病(bing)(bing)、棉(mian)葉螨(man)中等發(fa)(fa)生,發(fa)(fa)生面積(ji)分別(bie)為(wei)70萬(wan)畝(mu)、60萬(wan)畝(mu);二代棉(mian)鈴蟲中等發(fa)(fa)生,呈加重趨勢,發(fa)(fa)生面積(ji)110萬(wan)畝(mu)。
6、果(guo)樹病蟲(chong)害 蘋果(guo)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)、蘋果(guo)褐斑病、蘋果(guo)樹腐(fu)爛病偏重(zhong)發(fa)生,發(fa)生面積分別為(wei)230萬(wan)畝(mu)、280萬(wan)畝(mu)、200萬(wan)畝(mu);山楂(zha)葉螨、金紋(wen)細蛾、蘋果(guo)小(xiao)卷(juan)葉蛾、桃小(xiao)食心蟲(chong)中等(deng)發(fa)生,發(fa)生面積分別為(wei)250萬(wan)畝(mu)、160萬(wan)畝(mu)、180萬(wan)畝(mu)、260萬(wan)畝(mu)。
7、蔬菜(cai)(cai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害 小菜(cai)(cai)蛾、菜(cai)(cai)青蟲、蚜(ya)蟲、粉虱等(deng)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)南(nan)部菜(cai)(cai)田(tian),尤其是葉(xie)菜(cai)(cai)類種植(zhi)較集中(zhong)的(de)地(di)區中(zhong)等(deng)至偏重(zhong)發(fa)生(sheng);霜霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、白粉病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、番(fan)茄(qie)早疫病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、芹菜(cai)(cai)斑枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)高溫(wen)高濕病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害,夏季將在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)南(nan)部露地(di)偏重(zhong)發(fa)生(sheng);根結線蟲病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、野(ye)蛞蝓在(zai)(zai)局部發(fa)生(sheng)繼續加重(zhong),范圍仍有擴大趨勢;另外管(guan)理(li)較差的(de)番(fan)茄(qie)田(tian)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、早晚(wan)疫病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)以及辣椒疫病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)可能偏重(zhong)發(fa)生(sheng)。蔬菜(cai)(cai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲發(fa)生(sheng)面積(ji)1500萬畝(mu)次以上。
三(san)、預報依據
1、冬(dong)前病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)基數 小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)冬(dong)前基數大(da)多低(di)于(yu)去(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)和近3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均值。麥(mai)紅蜘(zhi)蛛平均尺行長有蟲(chong)(chong):運(yun)城(cheng)(cheng)、長治大(da)多縣(市)3-5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)去(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)低(di)8-10頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)近3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均值低(di)8頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou);但芮城(cheng)(cheng)縣22.5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)去(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)高(gao)(gao)6頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),最高(gao)(gao)100頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou);臨汾、晉城(cheng)(cheng)0.6頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),與去(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)持(chi)平,比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)近3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均值低(di)1.1頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou);晉中(zhong)2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),接近歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。麥(mai)蚜平均百(bai)莖有蚜:運(yun)城(cheng)(cheng)18頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)去(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)18.7頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)近3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均值高(gao)(gao)1.3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou);臨汾0.6頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)去(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)低(di)77.5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均值低(di)11.8頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou);晉城(cheng)(cheng)、長治、太原、晉中(zhong)2-5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)去(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)3-25頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)吸(xi)漿蟲(chong)(chong)平均每樣方有蟲(chong)(chong):永濟1.1頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)19.3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加0.3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),最高(gao)(gao)5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou);堯都區0.5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)2.8頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),最高(gao)(gao)2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou);洪(hong)洞(dong)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)13-15頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),最高(gao)(gao)20頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)白粉病(bing)(bing)冬(dong)前發(fa)病(bing)(bing)程度接近2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),輕于(yu)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),運(yun)城(cheng)(cheng)市病(bing)(bing)田(tian)(tian)率(lv)20%-25%,一般病(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率(lv)2%-5%,嚴重(zhong)田(tian)(tian)塊30%-38%,發(fa)病(bing)(bing)較(jiao)重(zhong)的(de)芮城(cheng)(cheng)縣病(bing)(bing)田(tian)(tian)率(lv)40%,最高(gao)(gao)病(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率(lv)達85%。小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)葉銹(xiu)病(bing)(bing)冬(dong)前發(fa)病(bing)(bing)程度接近上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),重(zhong)于(yu)2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),運(yun)城(cheng)(cheng)等地病(bing)(bing)田(tian)(tian)率(lv)22%,一般發(fa)病(bing)(bing)田(tian)(tian)塊病(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率(lv)3%-6%,嚴重(zhong)田(tian)(tian)塊8%-15%。
條銹病我(wo)省(sheng)未查見。甘(gan)肅、四川(chuan)、陜西等菌(jun)源地冬前發病面積是(shi)上年一半,程度(du)比上年輕,屬偏輕發生年份(fen)菌(jun)源量。
麥田(tian)雜草冬前發生程度輕于(yu)去年,重于(yu)常年,一般田(tian)塊(kuai)平均每平方米有草20-40株,嚴重田(tian)塊(kuai)達300株以上(shang)。
玉米(mi)病(bing)(bing)蟲中(zhong),玉米(mi)螟百桿含蟲12-36頭,高(gao)于前(qian)3年,芮城(cheng)、汾(fen)陽、忻州、呂(lv)梁等(deng)局部地區玉米(mi)百桿含蟲高(gao)達48-58頭;2007年玉米(mi)絲黑穗病(bing)(bing)、大斑病(bing)(bing)在忻州、長治、大同等(deng)地發(fa)生面積大、程度重,田(tian)間殘(can)留菌源量高(gao)。
東亞飛蝗(huang)秋殘蝗(huang)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)29.5萬畝(mu),較去(qu)年(nian)增加(jia)2.2萬畝(mu),殘蝗(huang)密(mi)度每公頃90-149頭(tou)(tou)的面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)12.5萬畝(mu),150-450頭(tou)(tou)的面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)11.6萬畝(mu),451-1500頭(tou)(tou)的面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)4.3萬畝(mu),1500頭(tou)(tou)以上(shang)的面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)1.1萬畝(mu),殘蝗(huang)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)和密(mi)度高于去(qu)年(nian),略(lve)高于歷年(nian)。全省土蝗(huang)殘蝗(huang)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)245萬畝(mu),接近去(qu)年(nian),平均(jun)殘蝗(huang)密(mi)度每平方(fang)米3.5頭(tou)(tou),略(lve)低(di)于去(qu)年(nian)。
冬(dong)前調查(cha),全(quan)省(sheng)各地均未發(fa)現草地螟越(yue)冬(dong)蟲繭。內蒙、黑龍(long)江(jiang)等蟲源地越(yue)冬(dong)總蟲量是上年一半。
地下害蟲(chong)上升態勢明顯,全省(sheng)平(ping)均每平(ping)方米有(you)螻蛄0.2-0.4頭(tou)(tou),比歷年(nian)(nian)均值(zhi)高(gao)(gao)10%;蠐(qi)螬0.3-8.5頭(tou)(tou),比歷年(nian)(nian)均值(zhi)高(gao)(gao)15%-40%,離石(shi)最高(gao)(gao)達15頭(tou)(tou);金針(zhen)蟲(chong)0.8-2.4頭(tou)(tou),比歷年(nian)(nian)均值(zhi)高(gao)(gao)13%-40%。
粟(su)灰(hui)螟谷子百茬(cha)含蟲,大(da)同19頭(tou),比去(qu)年(nian)增加46%,最高(gao)26頭(tou);呂梁10.7頭(tou),最高(gao)17頭(tou),明顯高(gao)于去(qu)年(nian);晉(jin) 中、忻(xin)州1.5-3頭(tou),接近或低于歷年(nian)均(jun)值。
棉鈴蟲冬前調查平(ping)均每(mei)平(ping)方米有(you)蛹:運城棉田0.3-0.6頭,較(jiao)去年增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)0.2-0.5頭;晉中(zhong)(zhong)、晉城等地菜田0.05頭,較(jiao)去年減少0.01頭;臨(lin)汾未(wei)查見(jian)。花(hua)椒樹(shu)五寸枝(zhi)條有(you)棉蚜,運城65-120頭,較(jiao)去年增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)275%,,較(jiao)近(jin)3年均值增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)325%;晉中(zhong)(zhong)7-12頭,低于去年和近(jin)3年。臨(lin)汾未(wei)查見(jian)。
果(guo)樹病蟲中,山楂(zha)葉螨果(guo)樹主桿平(ping)均每平(ping)方厘(li)米有螨運城1.5頭(tou),低于(yu)(yu)近(jin)(jin)兩年(nian)(nian),長治(zhi)90頭(tou),明顯高(gao)于(yu)(yu)去(qu)年(nian)(nian);桃小(xiao)食心(xin)蟲蟲果(guo)率(lv)15%左右(you),高(gao)者(zhe)達(da)40%,明顯高(gao)于(yu)(yu)近(jin)(jin)兩年(nian)(nian);金(jin)紋細蛾蘋(pin)果(guo)百葉蟲蛹量0.6~3.3頭(tou),最高(gao)6頭(tou),低于(yu)(yu)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)同期。蘋(pin)果(guo)褐(he)斑病病葉率(lv)40%-50%,接近(jin)(jin)常年(nian)(nian)。蘋(pin)果(guo)樹腐爛病一般果(guo)園發病率(lv)為10%-20%左右(you),部分(fen)管理粗放(fang)以及(ji)樹勢較(jiao)弱的老果(guo)園發病率(lv)達(da)30%-50%。
11月中下(xia)旬,大同、太原、晉中、長治在(zai)(zai)保(bao)護地菜(cai)田調查,小菜(cai)蛾(e)在(zai)(zai)油菜(cai)田百株有蟲22-30頭,低于去年;美洲斑潛(qian)蠅、煙粉虱、蚜蟲蟲棚(peng)率分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)(wei)50%-80%、60%-100%、30%-50%,平均單株有蟲分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)(wei)14-19.6頭、100-550頭、1.5頭;黃瓜霜霉病(bing)、番(fan)茄葉霉病(bing)、番(fan)茄早(zao)疫病(bing)、番(fan)茄病(bing)毒病(bing)、番(fan)茄晚疫病(bing)病(bing)棚(peng)率分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)(wei)9%-10%、21%-59%、20%-68%、5%、1.8%-6%,病(bing)株率分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)(wei)80%-85%、31%-42%、9%-22%、18%-26%、12%-43%。太原市(shi)11月20日在(zai)(zai)白菜(cai)田調查,甘藍夜蛾(e)每畝有越冬幼蟲、蛹 16-21頭,基數較低。另(ling)外土傳病(bing)害近兩年在(zai)(zai)運城、太原等部(bu)分(fen)(fen)保(bao)護地發生(sheng)較重。
2、氣(qi)象條件 據山西省氣(qi)象臺長期(qi)趨勢預測,2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)山西省年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量除(chu)中南部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)地區(qu)(qu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)多外,大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)地區(qu)(qu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)少,年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)較上年(nian)(nian)(nian)略(lve)(lve)少。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)高(gao)(gao)。冬(dong)季(1-2月)降(jiang)水(shui),大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)地區(qu)(qu)較常(chang)(chang)(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)少。平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫較常(chang)(chang)(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)略(lve)(lve)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)高(gao)(gao)。對(dui)大(da)(da)多數病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)越冬(dong)存活有利。春(chun)季(3-5月)降(jiang)水(shui),除(chu)陽泉市(shi)大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、晉中市(shi)東部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、長治(zhi)市(shi)及(ji)晉城市(shi)大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)地區(qu)(qu)較常(chang)(chang)(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)多1-2成外,其(qi)余大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)地區(qu)(qu)較常(chang)(chang)(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)少1-2成。大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)氣(qi)溫較常(chang)(chang)(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)略(lve)(lve)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)高(gao)(gao)。氣(qi)候條件對(dui)喜(xi)(xi)(xi)旱性的小(xiao)麥(mai)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)、棉花苗(miao)蚜(ya)、小(xiao)菜(cai)蛾以(yi)及(ji)北部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)黑絨金龜子的發(fa)生(sheng)有利,對(dui)喜(xi)(xi)(xi)濕(shi)性的小(xiao)麥(mai)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)存在一定的抑制作(zuo)用。夏(xia)季(6-8月)降(jiang)水(shui),除(chu)北部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和太原市(shi)大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、長治(zhi)市(shi)西部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)較常(chang)(chang)(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)略(lve)(lve)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)少外,其(qi)余大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)地區(qu)(qu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)多1-2成。平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫較常(chang)(chang)(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)略(lve)(lve)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)高(gao)(gao)。北部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和太原市(shi)大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)降(jiang)水(shui)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)少,將(jiang)有利于玉米紅(hong)蜘(zhi)蛛的發(fa)生(sheng);其(qi)余大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)地區(qu)(qu)降(jiang)水(shui)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)多將(jiang)有利于遷飛性暴(bao)發(fa)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong),喜(xi)(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)溫高(gao)(gao)濕(shi)的蔬菜(cai)、果(guo)樹(shu)病(bing)(bing)害(hai)的發(fa)生(sheng)。
3、生態條件 今年全省小麥播期較常年推遲7-10天,對小麥病蟲發生有一定抑制作用,目前小麥長勢良好,對小麥病蟲越冬無不利影響;隨著優質小麥面積的擴大,小麥主栽品種易感白粉病、紋枯病和銹病,并對麥蚜危害有利。今年我省實施“玉米戰略”,玉米種植面積進一步擴大,將有利于玉米病蟲的發生為害。抗蟲棉種植面積近年一直占棉花面積98%以上,使二、三代棉鈴蟲發生受到抑制,但由于抗蟲棉品種的雜亂問題,將形成棉鈴蟲在部分抗性差的棉田集中危害;同時棉田用藥量的減少,會使棉盲蝽、粉虱、棉葉螨、甜菜葉蛾等危害加重。保護地面積擴大,作物種類增多為病蟲的周年發生及越冬提供了有利條件。果飲加工業的發展,造成次果價格的大幅上揚,在一定程度上影響果農對果園的精心管理,易形成管理粗放,套袋果數量減少,導致果樹病蟲害的加重危害。
來源(yuan):山西(xi)省農作物(wu)病(bing)蟲測報站 |