按農(nong)業部種植業管理司(si)工作部署(shu)，全國農(nong)技中心于10月(yue)下(xia)旬至11月(yue)上旬組織內(nei)蒙古、黑龍(long)(long)江、遼寧、吉(ji)林、河北(bei)、山西、北(bei)京、天津(jin)等省（區、市(shi)）植保(bao)（植檢(jian)）站(zhan)和中國農(nong)科院植保(bao)所的30余名專家，對內(nei)蒙古、黑龍(long)(long)江、遼寧、吉(ji)林、河北(bei)、山西6省（區）草地(di)螟常(chang)發(fa)區和今年重發(fa)區進(jin)行了(le)(le)越冬蟲(chong)源(yuan)基(ji)數調查督導。通過這(zhe)次督導，推進(jin)了(le)(le)各(ge)地(di)草地(di)螟越冬蟲(chong)源(yuan)基(ji)數大(da)面積(ji)(ji)調查工作，基(ji)本掌握了(le)(le)草地(di)螟越冬范圍、面積(ji)(ji)和數量(liang)，為分析預(yu)測明(ming)年發(fa)生趨(qu)勢、及(ji)早(zao)制定防控(kong)預(yu)案提供了(le)(le)科學依據(ju)。督導組還(huan)為各(ge)地(di)做好監(jian)測和防控(kong)準(zhun)備工作提出(chu)了(le)(le)指導性意見。
一、草地螟越冬蟲源調(diao)查情況和特點
1．越冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)繭分(fen)布范圍廣。督導組實地(di)(di)調查了內(nei)蒙古東(dong)（北(bei)(bei)(bei)）部(bu)和(he)西(xi)部(bu)、黑龍江東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)、吉(ji)林和(he)遼(liao)(liao)寧西(xi)部(bu)、河北(bei)(bei)(bei)和(he)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)等二代草(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)螟發生(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)害重點地(di)(di)區共12個(ge)市(shi)（盟）24個(ge)縣(xian)（旗、區），包括(kuo)農田(tian)、果園、田(tian)邊(bian)地(di)(di)埂、荒地(di)(di)、林地(di)(di)和(he)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)等63個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)境地(di)(di)，所有市(shi)（盟）、縣(xian)（旗、區）普遍見越冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)繭，63個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)境地(di)(di)僅在內(nei)蒙古陳(chen)巴爾虎旗草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)、遼(liao)(liao)寧省(sheng)彰武縣(xian)苜蓿和(he)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)大同(tong)縣(xian)玉(yu)米田(tian)3個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)境地(di)(di)未見越冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)繭。據(ju)各(ge)省(sheng)調查測(ce)算越冬(dong)(dong)面積(ji)，內(nei)蒙古5000萬畝以上(shang)，黑龍江和(he)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)分(fen)別為(wei)2625萬畝和(he)350萬畝。
2．越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)繭密度(du)高(gao)。60個草(cao)地螟越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)繭生境地平(ping)均每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)平(ping)方米(mi)蟲(chong)繭達143.5頭(tou)(tou)，河北張(zhang)家(jia)口懷來縣向日葵田蟲(chong)繭密度(du)最(zui)高(gao)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)平(ping)方米(mi)568.2頭(tou)(tou)，密度(du)最(zui)低(di)的內蒙(meng)古呼(hu)倫貝(bei)爾盟陳巴爾虎(hu)旗草(cao)原（公路邊），每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)平(ping)方米(mi)6.5頭(tou)(tou)。果(guo)園、地埂、荒地、農田、林地和(he)草(cao)原等生境類型越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)繭密度(du)分別(bie)為(wei)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)平(ping)方米(mi)357.6頭(tou)(tou)、278.8頭(tou)(tou)、125.2頭(tou)(tou)、124.3頭(tou)(tou)、58.0頭(tou)(tou)和(he)38.6頭(tou)(tou)。其中，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)平(ping)方米(mi)200頭(tou)(tou)以上的高(gao)密度(du)越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)繭區(qu)域(yu)有內蒙(meng)古呼(hu)和(he)浩特和(he)烏蘭察布、山西大同、河北張(zhang)家(jia)口，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)平(ping)方米(mi)100-200頭(tou)(tou)越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)繭區(qu)域(yu)有內蒙(meng)古通遼和(he)興安(an)盟、黑龍江齊齊哈爾和(he)黑河、吉林松原和(he)白城，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)平(ping)方米(mi)50-100頭(tou)(tou)越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)繭區(qu)域(yu)有內蒙(meng)古呼(hu)倫貝(bei)爾，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)平(ping)方米(mi)50頭(tou)(tou)以下越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)繭的區(qu)域(yu)是(shi)遼寧阜新(xin)。
3．越(yue)冬蟲(chong)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)冬前(qian)存活(huo)(huo)(huo)率(lv)(lv)高(gao)。60個越(yue)冬蟲(chong)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)生境(jing)調查(cha)，平(ping)均蟲(chong)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)存活(huo)(huo)(huo)率(lv)(lv)、羽化率(lv)(lv)和死亡率(lv)(lv)分別為80.6%、9.9%和9.5%，蟲(chong)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)發育好、質量(liang)高(gao)，為抵御冬季(ji)不良環境(jing)提供了良好的(de)物質基礎。依蟲(chong)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度和存活(huo)(huo)(huo)率(lv)(lv)折算活(huo)(huo)(huo)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)量(liang)，平(ping)均為每(mei)(mei)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)120.2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，河北(bei)張家(jia)口(kou)懷來(lai)縣(xian)向日葵田(tian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度最(zui)高(gao)，每(mei)(mei)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)456.3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，活(huo)(huo)(huo)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度最(zui)低(di)的(de)內蒙古(gu)(gu)呼(hu)倫(lun)貝(bei)爾盟陳巴(ba)爾虎旗(qi)草原（公路邊）每(mei)(mei)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)0.5頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。果園、地埂、農田(tian)、荒(huang)地、林地和草原每(mei)(mei)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)活(huo)(huo)(huo)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度分別為329.0頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)、242.3頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)、102.9頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)、96.9頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)、48.0頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)和34.2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。每(mei)(mei)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)200頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)以上(shang)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度活(huo)(huo)(huo)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)內蒙古(gu)(gu)呼(hu)和浩特(te)和烏蘭察布、山西大同、河北(bei)張家(jia)口(kou)，每(mei)(mei)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)100-200頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)活(huo)(huo)(huo)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)內蒙古(gu)(gu)興安盟、黑(hei)龍江齊(qi)齊(qi)哈爾，每(mei)(mei)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)51-100頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)活(huo)(huo)(huo)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)內蒙古(gu)(gu)通遼、吉(ji)林松原、黑(hei)龍江黑(hei)河，每(mei)(mei)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)21-50頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)活(huo)(huo)(huo)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)吉(ji)林白城，每(mei)(mei)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)20頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)以下活(huo)(huo)(huo)繭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)內蒙古(gu)(gu)呼(hu)倫(lun)貝(bei)爾和遼寧阜新。
二、明(ming)年(nian)一(yi)代草地螟發生趨勢(shi)基本(ben)判(pan)斷(duan)
從今年草(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)螟越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)繭分(fen)布情況(kuang)看，農(nong)田(tian)、地(di)(di)埂、荒(huang)地(di)(di)、林地(di)(di)、草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)和果(guo)園均(jun)有分(fen)布，且農(nong)田(tian)外(wai)(wai)荒(huang)地(di)(di)（草(cao)(cao)灘）、林地(di)(di)、草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)和果(guo)園密(mi)度高、面積大。黑(hei)龍(long)江調查，草(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)螟越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)繭在農(nong)田(tian)外(wai)(wai)生(sheng)境(jing)(jing)的(de)面積比率(lv)達(da)60%以(yi)上，這些生(sheng)境(jing)(jing)冬(dong)春季不受農(nong)事操作影響，越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)環境(jing)(jing)穩定，越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)存活(huo)率(lv)高，多為(wei)明(ming)年的(de)有效(xiao)蟲(chong)(chong)源(yuan)。因此，督導(dao)組專家(jia)認為(wei)，今年草(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)螟越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)量(liang)為(wei)1996年第(di)三暴發(fa)(fa)周(zhou)期以(yi)來(lai)最(zui)高的(de)年份(fen)，已具備(bei)明(ming)年一代草(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)螟大發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的(de)蟲(chong)(chong)源(yuan)基數(shu)。明(ming)年一代草(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)螟在東北(bei)(bei)、華北(bei)(bei)等北(bei)(bei)方地(di)(di)區發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)為(wei)害的(de)風險較大，監控任務(wu)艱巨。
來源：全國農業技術推廣服務中心
