一(yi)、雙季(ji)早(zao)稻病蟲發生實況
受今年雨季偏(pian)遲、強(qiang)度偏(pian)弱、歷時偏(pian)短，6月兩個熱帶風(feng)暴影(ying)響弱等(deng)(deng)氣候因素影(ying)響，雙(shuang)(shuang)季早(zao)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)主(zhu)要病蟲(chong)的發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)較常年及去(qu)年輕(qing)。全省(sheng)雙(shuang)(shuang)季早(zao)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)病蟲(chong)總體發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程度為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)800萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)次(ci)，防治1200萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)次(ci)，較去(qu)年及常年略少。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)虱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)150萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)次(ci)，較去(qu)年減(jian)少17%；稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)縱卷(juan)葉螟(ming)(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)80萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)次(ci)，較去(qu)年減(jian)少38%；螟(ming)(ming)蟲(chong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)170萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)次(ci)，與去(qu)年相當，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)二(er)化螟(ming)(ming)偏(pian)重(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)150萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)次(ci)，三化螟(ming)(ming)偏(pian)輕(qing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)20萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)次(ci)；稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)病偏(pian)輕(qing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)30萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)（其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)葉瘟(wen)20萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，穗瘟(wen)10萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)），與去(qu)年相當；稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)紋(wen)枯病中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)局部偏(pian)重(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)220萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)。
二、中稻及一季晚稻病蟲發生(sheng)實況
中(zhong)(zhong)稻(dao)及(ji)(ji)一季晚(wan)稻(dao)病蟲(chong)總體偏重發(fa)生(sheng)。截止8月20日(ri)統計(ji)，各種病蟲(chong)累(lei)計(ji)發(fa)生(sheng)面積1000萬(wan)(wan)畝次(ci)，防治1500萬(wan)(wan)畝次(ci)，較(jiao)去年同期(qi)減少(shao)16%。今年雨季延遲至(zhi)7月4日(ri)結(jie)束， 7月中(zhong)(zhong)旬及(ji)(ji)下旬受熱帶低壓、高(gao)空槽等氣流(liu)及(ji)(ji)第(di)6號臺風(feng)“莫(mo)拉菲(fei)”外圍影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，降水(shui)量偏多約(yue)2成(cheng)。8月9日(ri)受第(di)8號臺風(feng)“莫(mo)拉克”的影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，中(zhong)(zhong)北部沿海地區出現大(da)風(feng)、暴(bao)雨至(zhi)特大(da)暴(bao)雨的天氣，造成(cheng)兩(liang)遷害蟲(chong)的區域性(xing)地遷入，影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)了(le)我(wo)省中(zhong)(zhong)稻(dao)及(ji)(ji)一季晚(wan)稻(dao)病蟲(chong)的發(fa)生(sheng)為害程(cheng)度。
1、稻(dao)飛(fei)(fei)虱：全省中稻(dao)及一季晚(wan)稻(dao)稻(dao)飛(fei)(fei)虱偏重發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，已發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)200萬畝次，較去(qu)年同(tong)期減(jian)少(shao)20%。主要原因：影響中稻(dao)稻(dao)飛(fei)(fei)虱發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)的主要的遷入(ru)峰僅2個，7月20-25日(ri)及8月5-15日(ri)。 據44個縣（市、區(qu)）統(tong)計，突增(zeng)日(ri)平(ping)均(jun)誘(you)蟲(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)2185頭，較去(qu)年同(tong)期增(zeng)加21%，但7月20日(ri)至(zhi)8月20日(ri)平(ping)均(jun)單(dan)燈(deng)累計誘(you)蟲(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)5762頭，較去(qu)年同(tong)期減(jian)少(shao)9%，局部稻(dao)區(qu)如建陽、同(tong)安、福鼎的監測點燈(deng)下累計誘(you)蟲(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)較去(qu)年分(fen)別(bie)增(zeng)加1-2萬頭。第(di)(di)三代稻(dao)飛(fei)(fei)虱田(tian)(tian)間蟲(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)較低，第(di)(di)四(si)代田(tian)(tian)間蟲(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)呈(cheng)急劇(ju)增(zeng)長態勢。據各地統(tong)計，當前中稻(dao)平(ping)均(jun)百叢蟲(chong)(chong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)641頭，較去(qu)年同(tong)期減(jian)少(shao)22%，平(ping)均(jun)畝卵量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)8萬粒，與去(qu)年相當，近期卵將陸(lu)續孵化為害，預計為害高峰將持續至(zhi)9月上旬。
2、稻(dao)(dao)縱(zong)卷(juan)葉(xie)螟(ming)(ming)：全省中(zhong)稻(dao)(dao)及(ji)(ji)一季晚稻(dao)(dao)稻(dao)(dao)縱(zong)卷(juan)葉(xie)螟(ming)(ming)偏重(zhong)發生(sheng)，已發生(sheng)面(mian)積180萬(wan)畝(mu)次，較(jiao)(jiao)去(qu)年同(tong)期減少(shao)15%。主要原因： 6月(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)(xun)以來稻(dao)(dao)縱(zong)卷(juan)葉(xie)螟(ming)(ming)開(kai)始(shi)陸(lu)續(xu)(xu)遷入中(zhong)稻(dao)(dao)田(tian)，蛾(e)高峰(feng)出現(xian)在7月(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)(xun)(xun)和8月(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)(xun)(xun)，較(jiao)(jiao)去(qu)年偏遲。前期遷入少(shao)，后期遷入量(liang)(liang)劇增(zeng)，特(te)別是(shi)受(shou)第(di)八號臺風(feng)“莫拉克”影響，8月(yue)(yue)6-15日各(ge)監(jian)測點燈下及(ji)(ji)田(tian)間的(de)(de)稻(dao)(dao)縱(zong)卷(juan)葉(xie)螟(ming)(ming)成(cheng)蟲出現(xian)明顯(xian)突增(zeng)，出現(xian)突增(zeng)的(de)(de)范圍廣(guang)、蛾(e)量(liang)(liang)大(da)、蛾(e)峰(feng)持續(xu)(xu)時間長。中(zhong)稻(dao)(dao)田(tian)間第(di)三、四(si)代稻(dao)(dao)縱(zong)卷(juan)葉(xie)螟(ming)(ming)發生(sheng)逐代加(jia)重(zhong)。雖然當前中(zhong)稻(dao)(dao)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)百叢幼(you)蟲量(liang)(liang)46頭，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)卷(juan)葉(xie)率3%，均(jun)較(jiao)(jiao)去(qu)年同(tong)期少(shao)，但近期持續(xu)(xu)、大(da)量(liang)(liang)遷入的(de)(de)稻(dao)(dao)縱(zong)卷(juan)葉(xie)螟(ming)(ming)蛾(e)將于8月(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)(xun)開(kai)始(shi)為害，且為害高峰(feng)將持續(xu)(xu)至9月(yue)(yue)上中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)，若不及(ji)(ji)時防治，將造成(cheng)遲插的(de)(de)中(zhong)稻(dao)(dao)及(ji)(ji)一季晚稻(dao)(dao)大(da)發生(sheng)。
3、螟蟲：中稻及一季晚稻螟蟲已發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)130萬(wan)畝(mu)次(ci)，較(jiao)去年增加8%，其中二(er)化螟總體中等(deng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，閩東部(bu)稻區偏(pian)重發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)面積110萬(wan)畝(mu)次(ci)，三化螟總體偏(pian)輕發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，莆田等(deng)局部(bu)稻區發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)較(jiao)重，已發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)25萬(wan)畝(mu)次(ci)。主要(yao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)特(te)點：由于二(er)代二(er)化螟發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)期偏(pian)遲且發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)期拉(la)長，造成遲插單晚田受害較(jiao)重。
4、稻(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)(wen)病： 中稻(dao)及(ji)一(yi)季晚稻(dao)葉(xie)(xie)瘟(wen)(wen)(wen)總體(ti)偏輕發生，已發生面積19.6萬畝，較去年同期(qi)(qi)減少10%；穗(sui)(sui)頸瘟(wen)(wen)(wen)已發生2.2萬畝，較去年略增。雖然目前葉(xie)(xie)瘟(wen)(wen)(wen)發生面積較往年少，但各地種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)感病品種(zhong)(zhong)比例高(gao)，田間(jian)菌源豐富，8月(yue)上中旬破口抽穗(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)受8號“莫拉克”臺風等影響(xiang)，我省降水(shui)偏多，后期(qi)(qi)局部稻(dao)區部分品種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)穗(sui)(sui)頸瘟(wen)(wen)(wen)仍有(you)可能(neng)重(zhong)發。
5、稻(dao)(dao)紋枯病(bing)：中(zhong)稻(dao)(dao)及一季晚稻(dao)(dao)總體偏重發生，已發生面積220萬(wan)畝，較去年減少12%。多臺(tai)風(feng)雨天氣使水稻(dao)(dao)受淹(yan)嚴重地區紋枯病(bing)偏重發生。
三、雙季晚稻病蟲發生趨勢分析
8月26日我站在南平市浦城縣召開了《福建省晚季中(zhong)后(hou)期(qi)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)發生(sheng)(sheng)趨(qu)勢(shi)分析(xi)會》，會議根據中(zhong)稻(dao)、晚稻(dao)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)發生(sheng)(sheng)實(shi)況(kuang)及病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)源殘留基數，結合晚稻(dao)品種布(bu)局、未(wei)來(lai)的氣候條件和(he)歷史資料綜(zong)合分析(xi)，預計雙(shuang)季晚稻(dao)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)總(zong)體發生(sheng)(sheng)趨(qu)勢(shi)為偏重發生(sheng)(sheng)，發生(sheng)(sheng)面積達1000萬畝(mu)次。其(qi)中(zhong)稻(dao)飛虱、稻(dao)縱(zong)卷(juan)葉(xie)螟(ming)偏重發生(sheng)(sheng)，沿(yan)海重于山區；螟(ming)蟲(chong)、紋枯病(bing)(bing)、細條病(bing)(bing)、稻(dao)瘟(wen)病(bing)(bing)中(zhong)等發生(sheng)(sheng)，局部(bu)偏重。
1、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)虱(shi)：預(yu)計雙季晚稻(dao)(dao)(dao)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)虱(shi)將(jiang)偏(pian)重發(fa)(fa)生，發(fa)(fa)生面積180萬畝(mu)次。當前雙季晚稻(dao)(dao)(dao)田間(jian)百叢稻(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)虱(shi)平均蟲(chong)量337頭，較(jiao)去年同(tong)期(qi)略高。隨著中稻(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)成(cheng)熟(shu)，稻(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)虱(shi)將(jiang)不斷由中稻(dao)(dao)(dao)田轉移至雙晚稻(dao)(dao)(dao)田為害。另據省氣候(hou)中心(xin)預(yu)測，9月份(fen)大部地(di)區氣溫較(jiao)常年同(tong)期(qi)偏(pian)高，降水偏(pian)多，有利于稻(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)虱(shi)的(de)回遷與繁殖危(wei)害，我省晚季蟲(chong)源(yuan)地(di)北方部分稻(dao)(dao)(dao)區“兩遷”害蟲(chong)發(fa)(fa)生較(jiao)重，雙季晚稻(dao)(dao)(dao)田間(jian)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)虱(shi)蟲(chong)口密度將(jiang)迅速增加(jia)。
2、稻(dao)(dao)縱卷葉螟(ming)(ming)(ming)：預計雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)季(ji)晚(wan)(wan)稻(dao)(dao)稻(dao)(dao)縱卷葉螟(ming)(ming)(ming)將(jiang)偏重(zhong)發生。發生面積150萬畝(mu)次。當前雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)季(ji)晚(wan)(wan)稻(dao)(dao)田(tian)(tian)間稻(dao)(dao)縱卷葉螟(ming)(ming)(ming)百叢蟲(chong)量(liang)20頭，較去年(nian)同期略(lve)高。我(wo)省中稻(dao)(dao)即將(jiang)進(jin)入成熟(shu)期，雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)季(ji)晚(wan)(wan)稻(dao)(dao)進(jin)入分(fen)蘗盛(sheng)期，伴隨(sui)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)季(ji)晚(wan)(wan)稻(dao)(dao)田(tian)(tian)郁(yu)蔽度(du)的(de)增加(jia)，田(tian)(tian)間小(xiao)生境(jing)更加(jia)適宜稻(dao)(dao)縱卷葉螟(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)發生危害(hai)，大量(liang)的(de)本地蟲(chong)源將(jiang)遷入雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)季(ji)晚(wan)(wan)稻(dao)(dao)田(tian)(tian)輾轉為害(hai)。9月份以后(hou)隨(sui)著西(xi)北氣流回遷的(de)蟲(chong)源也將(jiang)加(jia)重(zhong)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)季(ji)晚(wan)(wan)稻(dao)(dao)田(tian)(tian)間的(de)為害(hai)程度(du)。
3、螟(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)蟲(chong)：預計(ji)螟(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)蟲(chong)中等局部偏重發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。其中三(san)(san)化(hua)螟(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)中等發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)50萬(wan)畝(mu)次；二(er)(er)化(hua)螟(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)在沿海稻區(qu)中等局部偏重發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積(ji)130萬(wan)畝(mu)次，與去(qu)年相當。據各地統計(ji)，當前三(san)(san)化(hua)螟(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)已發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)13.5萬(wan)畝(mu)次，二(er)(er)化(hua)螟(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)已發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)40萬(wan)畝(mu)次，與去(qu)年相當。第三(san)(san)代三(san)(san)化(hua)螟(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)畝(mu)殘(can)留(liu)蟲(chong)量(liang)平(ping)均175頭(tou)，較(jiao)去(qu)年增加45%，第三(san)(san)代二(er)(er)化(hua)螟(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)畝(mu)殘(can)留(liu)蟲(chong)量(liang)平(ping)均700頭(tou)，較(jiao)去(qu)年略(lve)多。
4、稻瘟(wen)病：全省雙季晚稻葉(xie)瘟(wen)偏輕發(fa)生(sheng)，預計穗(sui)瘟(wen)中(zhong)等(deng)發(fa)生(sheng)，老(lao)病區部分感病品種將偏重(zhong)發(fa)生(sheng)，發(fa)生(sheng)面積為(wei)50萬畝(mu)。主要原(yuan)因(yin):一是(shi)當前全省雙季晚稻葉(xie)瘟(wen)已(yi)(yi)發(fa)生(sheng)3.4萬畝(mu)，較去年(nian)同期略(lve)多；二是(shi)我省晚季主栽品種多數已(yi)(yi)種植多年(nian)，抗病性減退；三是(shi)當前氣(qi)候(hou)為(wei)時(shi)晴(qing)時(shi)雨(yu)，田(tian)間(jian)濕(shi)度(du)大(da)，田(tian)間(jian)菌源充足，有利(li)葉(xie)瘟(wen)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)蔓(man)延。且破口(kou)抽穗(sui)期易遇秋淋雨(yu)，如再遇秋寒天氣(qi)，穗(sui)瘟(wen)就(jiu)有重(zhong)發(fa)的(de)趨勢。
5、稻紋枯(ku)(ku)病(bing)：預計偏重發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)面(mian)積200萬畝。為常(chang)發(fa)(fa)性病(bing)害，近期多雷陣(zhen)雨和臺風天(tian)氣，適溫(wen)高濕，田(tian)間(jian)病(bing)情發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)較(jiao)快。據各(ge)地統計，紋枯(ku)(ku)病(bing)已發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)20萬畝，與去年相當(dang)。
6、細菌性條斑病(bing)(bing)：預計細條病(bing)(bing)中等(deng)發(fa)生，發(fa)生面(mian)積70萬畝(mu)。由于近期的(de)多(duo)臺(tai)風(feng)雨(yu)氣候，局(ju)部稻區(qu)細條病(bing)(bing)擴(kuo)展較(jiao)快，如果(guo)9月(yue)份有(you)臺(tai)風(feng)登陸或(huo)影響我省，細條病(bing)(bing)在(zai)沿海、沿江、低洼受淹稻區(qu)就有(you)流行的(de)可能(neng)。
來源：福建省植(zhi)保植(zhi)檢站
