一、5月下(xia)旬農作物(wu)病蟲發生概況
5月下(xia)旬，我市大(da)部(bu)地區(qu)出(chu)現3—4天(tian)(tian)的中(zhong)(zhong)到暴雨天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)，適宜的溫濕度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)對馬鈴(ling)薯晚(wan)疫(yi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、稻(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害的發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和“兩遷”害蟲(chong)(chong)的遷入十分有(you)利(li)。截止6月2日，我市大(da)春作物主(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害累計發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)745.39萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)（次(ci)），較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期減(jian)(jian)41.5%，防治面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)665.67萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)（次(ci)），占(zhan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的89.3%。其中(zhong)(zhong)：稻(dao)飛虱(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，局(ju)(ju)部(bu)2級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)16.1萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)（次(ci)），較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期減(jian)(jian)67.1%，秧田平(ping)均(jun)(jun)密度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)52.7頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/平(ping)方米(mi)，秀山最高(gao)(gao)(gao)120頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/平(ping)方米(mi)，大(da)田平(ping)均(jun)(jun)密度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)103.7頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/百叢，萬盛最高(gao)(gao)(gao)2550頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)/百叢。稻(dao)縱(zong)卷葉(xie)螟(ming)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，平(ping)均(jun)(jun)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)幼蟲(chong)(chong)量968.9頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期低1664.1頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，武(wu)隆最高(gao)(gao)(gao)6750頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)；平(ping)均(jun)(jun)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)蛾(e)量82.2頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期高(gao)(gao)(gao)50頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，秀山最高(gao)(gao)(gao)390頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)；平(ping)均(jun)(jun)卷葉(xie)率(lv)0.73%，較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期低2.12，忠縣最高(gao)(gao)(gao)2.9%。水(shui)稻(dao)二化螟(ming)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)428萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)（次(ci)），較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期減(jian)(jian)29.6%，平(ping)均(jun)(jun)枯(ku)鞘(qiao)率(lv)2.51%，較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期輕(qing)，合川最高(gao)(gao)(gao)11.8%；平(ping)均(jun)(jun)枯(ku)心率(lv)0.54%，與上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期相當，石柱最高(gao)(gao)(gao)4.1%。稻(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，主(zhu)要(yao)在渝(yu)(yu)西、渝(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)、渝(yu)(yu)南等地老病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)區(qu)、糯(nuo)稻(dao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)2.49萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)（次(ci)），較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期減(jian)(jian)56.3%，平(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)率(lv)0.3%，較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期輕(qing)，云陽最高(gao)(gao)(gao)5%。稻(dao)紋(wen)枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，主(zhu)要(yao)在渝(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)、渝(yu)(yu)南等地發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)1.3萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)（次(ci)），較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期減(jian)(jian)61.3%，平(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)率(lv)3.54%，較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期高(gao)(gao)(gao)，涪(fu)陵(ling)最高(gao)(gao)(gao)10%。玉米(mi)螟(ming)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)2級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，局(ju)(ju)部(bu)3級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)70萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)（次(ci)），較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期減(jian)(jian)31.4%，平(ping)均(jun)(jun)螟(ming)害率(lv)4.01%，較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期輕(qing)，墊江最高(gao)(gao)(gao)50.4%。玉米(mi)紋(wen)枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)20萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)（次(ci)），平(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率(lv)2.5%，較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期輕(qing)，巴南最高(gao)(gao)(gao)25%。馬鈴(ling)薯晚(wan)疫(yi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)低山發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)4級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)山發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)2級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，局(ju)(ju)部(bu)3級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)95萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)（次(ci)），較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期減(jian)(jian)52%，平(ping)均(jun)(jun)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)率(lv)22%，明顯輕(qing)于上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期輕(qing)。蔬(shu)菜(cai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)總體發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，局(ju)(ju)部(bu)2級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)紅蜘蛛、蚜蟲(chong)(chong)、菜(cai)青蟲(chong)(chong)、豆野螟(ming)、辣椒(jiao)疫(yi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、霜霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、灰霉病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、炭疽病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等，較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期輕(qing)。柑桔(jie)(jie)(jie)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)總體發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，局(ju)(ju)部(bu)4級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，以柑桔(jie)(jie)(jie)紅、黃蜘蛛、柑桔(jie)(jie)(jie)粉(fen)虱(shi)(shi)、黑刺粉(fen)虱(shi)(shi)為(wei)主(zhu)，其中(zhong)(zhong)柑桔(jie)(jie)(jie)紅、黃蜘蛛發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)3級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期輕(qing)；柑桔(jie)(jie)(jie)粉(fen)虱(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期重。矢尖蚧(jie)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期輕(qing)。
二(er)、6月上旬農作物(wu)病蟲(chong)發生趨勢
6月(yue)上旬，我市馬鈴薯(shu)中(zhong)山(shan)處(chu)于薯(shu)塊膨大期(qi)，高(gao)山(shan)處(chu)于花期(qi)；水稻中(zhong)低山(shan)平壩(ba)地(di)區水稻處(chu)于拔節期(qi)，高(gao)山(shan)處(chu)于分蘗期(qi)。據氣象預報：6月(yue)7—9日，大部地(di)區中(zhong)雨，局部地(di)區大—暴雨，旬內其(qi)余時間(jian)(jian)晴間(jian)(jian)多云。預計6月(yue)上旬：
馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)晚疫病(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為3—4級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)病(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3—4級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。二化螟(ming)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，稻飛虱發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)2級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，稻縱卷葉螟(ming)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)2級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，稻瘟病(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1—2級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，稻紋枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1—2級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。玉米螟(ming)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，玉米紋枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1—2級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。蔬(shu)菜(cai)辣椒疫病(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，番(fan)茄早、晚疫病(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)2級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，紅(hong)蜘蛛發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，豆(dou)野(ye)螟(ming)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。柑桔(jie)紅(hong)蜘蛛發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3—4級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，矢尖蚧發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)2級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，黑(hei)刺粉虱發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)2級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，柑桔(jie)粉虱發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)3級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，黑(hei)星病(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)2—3級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。
三、防治(zhi)建議
1、6月(yue)上旬，大(da)部(bu)(bu)地(di)區(qu)水稻一代二化螟(ming)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)進入(ru)尾(wei)聲，局部(bu)(bu)地(di)區(qu)仍需加(jia)(jia)強防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。玉米螟(ming)、中高山馬(ma)鈴薯晚疫病(bing)(bing)(bing)將是(shi)下(xia)階段防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)重(zhong)點。對(dui)玉米紋枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)、稻瘟病(bing)(bing)(bing)已達防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)指標的田塊要進行針對(dui)性防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。同時(shi)，各地(di)要高度重(zhong)視“兩遷”害蟲的發生和遷入(ru)情況(kuang)，切實做好大(da)春病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害監測工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，及時(shi)會商發布病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲情報，加(jia)(jia)強專業化防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)隊(dui)伍建(jian)設(she)，搞好統防(fang)(fang)統治(zhi)(zhi)，推動大(da)面積病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。
2、6月(yue)上(shang)旬，由于大部地區雨水(shui)較多，對(dui)病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)的發生較為(wei)有(you)利，蔬菜以防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)霜霉病(bing)(bing)、番茄(qie)晚疫病(bing)(bing)、辣(la)椒(jiao)疫病(bing)(bing)等(deng)病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)為(wei)重點(dian)，石柱等(deng)辣(la)椒(jiao)基(ji)地應特別(bie)注意疫病(bing)(bing)等(deng)病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)的防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)工作(zuo)；同時(shi)對(dui)紅蜘(zhi)(zhi)蛛、茶黃(huang)螨及(ji)豆野螟等(deng)蔬菜蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai)也要加強(qiang)監(jian)測(ce)，及(ji)時(shi)發布病(bing)(bing)蟲信息，指導防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)工作(zuo)。柑(gan)桔病(bing)(bing)蟲繼續加強(qiang)紅蜘(zhi)(zhi)蛛、黃(huang)蜘(zhi)(zhi)蛛、柑(gan)桔粉虱、矢(shi)尖(jian)蚧(jie)和(he)黑星(xing)病(bing)(bing)的監(jian)測(ce)和(he)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。
來源(yuan)：重慶(qing)市農業技術推廣(guang)總站
